シンビジウムの花粉形成ならびに「花飛び」現象に及ぼす高温およびGA3の影響
「花飛び」現象を誘起する高温の影響と花粉形成段階との関係を明らかにするため, 花らいの外花被長と花粉形成段階との相関を小型シンビジウムのサザナミ'ハルノウミ'を用いて調べた. 1.花らいの着生位置によらず, 減数分裂期までは両者に密接な相関のあることが明らかとなった. 胞原細胞期にあった花らいは, 高温 (昼30°C/夜25°C) では減数分裂過程に入ることなく枯死し, 前減数分裂期のものは減数分裂をした後, 種々の段階で枯死した. 2.花粉形成が減数分裂期まで進んだ花らいは, 高温でも「花飛び」を起こさず, 正常に開花した. 3.GA3処理は低温の不足を補完し, 減数分裂...
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| Published in | Engei Gakkai zasshi Vol. 60; no. 1; pp. 149 - 157 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English Japanese |
| Published |
一般社団法人 園芸学会
1991
|
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0013-7626 1880-358X |
| DOI | 10.2503/jjshs.60.149 |
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| Abstract | 「花飛び」現象を誘起する高温の影響と花粉形成段階との関係を明らかにするため, 花らいの外花被長と花粉形成段階との相関を小型シンビジウムのサザナミ'ハルノウミ'を用いて調べた. 1.花らいの着生位置によらず, 減数分裂期までは両者に密接な相関のあることが明らかとなった. 胞原細胞期にあった花らいは, 高温 (昼30°C/夜25°C) では減数分裂過程に入ることなく枯死し, 前減数分裂期のものは減数分裂をした後, 種々の段階で枯死した. 2.花粉形成が減数分裂期まで進んだ花らいは, 高温でも「花飛び」を起こさず, 正常に開花した. 3.GA3処理は低温の不足を補完し, 減数分裂細胞分化や花粉形成, 花らいの正常な発育•開花を誘起した. 4.これらの結果から, 少なくとも前減数分裂期には20°C以下の低温が減数分裂細胞分化や花粉形成, 花らいの発育のために必要であることが示された. 5.小胞子は同一やく内においてさえ, さまざまな配列型を示した. 1核性小胞子と2核性小胞子とでは,各配列型の存在比率に差が見られた. 前者は対照区およびGA3処理区の「花飛び」を起こした花らいで見られ,大部分が二分子で四分子の比率は低かった. 後者は「花飛び」を起こした対照区の花らいとGA3処理により開花した花で見られ, 四分子の比率が二分子よりかなり高かった. しかし, これらの四分子における各配列型の比率は「花飛び」の発生やGA3処理により変化しなかった. |
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| AbstractList | 「花飛び」現象を誘起する高温の影響と花粉形成段階との関係を明らかにするため, 花らいの外花被長と花粉形成段階との相関を小型シンビジウムのサザナミ'ハルノウミ'を用いて調べた. 1.花らいの着生位置によらず, 減数分裂期までは両者に密接な相関のあることが明らかとなった. 胞原細胞期にあった花らいは, 高温 (昼30°C/夜25°C) では減数分裂過程に入ることなく枯死し, 前減数分裂期のものは減数分裂をした後, 種々の段階で枯死した. 2.花粉形成が減数分裂期まで進んだ花らいは, 高温でも「花飛び」を起こさず, 正常に開花した. 3.GA3処理は低温の不足を補完し, 減数分裂細胞分化や花粉形成, 花らいの正常な発育•開花を誘起した. 4.これらの結果から, 少なくとも前減数分裂期には20°C以下の低温が減数分裂細胞分化や花粉形成, 花らいの発育のために必要であることが示された. 5.小胞子は同一やく内においてさえ, さまざまな配列型を示した. 1核性小胞子と2核性小胞子とでは,各配列型の存在比率に差が見られた. 前者は対照区およびGA3処理区の「花飛び」を起こした花らいで見られ,大部分が二分子で四分子の比率は低かった. 後者は「花飛び」を起こした対照区の花らいとGA3処理により開花した花で見られ, 四分子の比率が二分子よりかなり高かった. しかし, これらの四分子における各配列型の比率は「花飛び」の発生やGA3処理により変化しなかった. |
| Author | 大野, 始 |
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| References | 12. Okubo, H., S. Shiraishi and S. Uemoto. 1986. Factors controlling elongation of the last internode in tulip flower stalk. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.55 : 320-325. 20. Van Bragt, J. and K. J. Van Ast. 1976. Substitution of the cold requirement of tulip cv. Apeldoorn by GA3. Scientia Hortic. 4: 117-122. 13. Rees, A. R. and J. B. Briggs. 1976. High-temperature treatment (blindstohen) of bulbs of tulip cv. Rose Copland for flower killing and yield improvement. J. Hort. Sci. 51 : 379-387. 17. Shull, J. K. and M. Y. Menzel. 1977. A study of the reliability of synchrony in the development of pollen mother cells of Lilium longiflorum at the first meiotic prophase. Amer. J. Bot. 64 : 670-679. 19. Toyoda, T. and K. Nishii. 1957. Studies on the high temperature treatments of the bulb to blindstoken of tulip. I. Effects of date and length of the treatments on flowering, growth and bulb production. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 26 : 243-250. 16. Sakai, K. 1937. Failure of cytokinesis due to low temperature in microsporogenesis of Oryza sativa L. Proc. Crop. Sci. Soc. Jap. 9 : 207-212. 18. Stuart, N. W. and H. M. Cathey. 1961. Applied aspects of the gibberellins. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 12 : 369-394. 10. Ohno, H. and S. Kako. 1978. Development of inflorescences in Cymbidium (Orchidaceae). II. An estimation of critical and abortive stages for the effect of high temperature. Environ. Control in Biol.16 : 81-91. 4. Erickson, R. O. 1948. Cytological and growth correlations in the flower bud and anther of Lilium longiflorum. Amer. J. Bot. 35 : 729-739. 7. Kinet, J. M., V. Zune, C. Linotte, A. Jacqmard and G. Bernier. 1985. Resumption of cellular activity induced by cytokinin and gibberellin treatments in tomato flowers targeted for abortion in unfavorable light conditions. Physiol. Plant. 64 : 67-73. 14. Sachs, R. M. 1965. Stem elongation. Ann. Rev.Plant Physiol. 16 : 73-96. 3. Easton, A. 1983. Cymbidiums: The species and the hybrids, C. pumilum. Orchid Rev. 91 : 322-327. 9. Ohno, H. and S. Kako. 1978. Development of inflorescences in Cymbidium (Orchidaceae). I. Difference in temperature effects depending on the developmental stage of inflorescences. Environ.Control in Biol. 16 : 73-80. 15. Sachs, R. M. 1968. Control of intercalary growth in the scape of gerbera by auxin and gibberellic acid. Amer. J. Bot. 55: 62-68. 2. Brian, P. W. 1959. Effects of gibberellins on plant growth and development. Biol. Rev. 34 : 37-84. 6. Iwahori, S. 1965. High temperature injuries in tomato. IV. Development of normal flower buds and morphological abnormalities of flower buds treated with high temperature. J. Japan. Soc. Hort.Sci. 34 : 33-41. 8. Konta, F. and M. Tsuji. 1982. The types of pollen tetrads and their formations observed in some species in the Orchidaceae in Japan. Acta Phytotax.Geobot. 33 : 206-217. 1. Bivins, J. L. 1970. Effect of gibberellic acid on flower size and bloom date of Cymbidium Guelda.Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 39 : 1005-1006. 11. Ohno, H. and S. Kako. 1991. Roles of floral organs and phytohormones in flower stalk elongation of Cymbidium (Orchidaceae). J. Japan. Soc. Hort.Sci. 60 : 159-165. 5. Goi, M. 1982. Studies on the flower formation and forcing of some ornamental trees and shrubs native to East Asia. Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagawa Univ.No. 38 : 1-120. (In Japanese with Englishsummary). |
| References_xml | – reference: 7. Kinet, J. M., V. Zune, C. Linotte, A. Jacqmard and G. Bernier. 1985. Resumption of cellular activity induced by cytokinin and gibberellin treatments in tomato flowers targeted for abortion in unfavorable light conditions. Physiol. Plant. 64 : 67-73. – reference: 13. Rees, A. R. and J. B. Briggs. 1976. High-temperature treatment (blindstohen) of bulbs of tulip cv. Rose Copland for flower killing and yield improvement. J. Hort. Sci. 51 : 379-387. – reference: 1. Bivins, J. L. 1970. Effect of gibberellic acid on flower size and bloom date of Cymbidium Guelda.Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 39 : 1005-1006. – reference: 19. Toyoda, T. and K. Nishii. 1957. Studies on the high temperature treatments of the bulb to blindstoken of tulip. I. Effects of date and length of the treatments on flowering, growth and bulb production. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 26 : 243-250. – reference: 3. Easton, A. 1983. Cymbidiums: The species and the hybrids, C. pumilum. Orchid Rev. 91 : 322-327. – reference: 5. Goi, M. 1982. Studies on the flower formation and forcing of some ornamental trees and shrubs native to East Asia. Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagawa Univ.No. 38 : 1-120. (In Japanese with Englishsummary). – reference: 14. Sachs, R. M. 1965. Stem elongation. Ann. Rev.Plant Physiol. 16 : 73-96. – reference: 12. Okubo, H., S. Shiraishi and S. Uemoto. 1986. Factors controlling elongation of the last internode in tulip flower stalk. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.55 : 320-325. – reference: 8. Konta, F. and M. Tsuji. 1982. The types of pollen tetrads and their formations observed in some species in the Orchidaceae in Japan. Acta Phytotax.Geobot. 33 : 206-217. – reference: 11. Ohno, H. and S. Kako. 1991. Roles of floral organs and phytohormones in flower stalk elongation of Cymbidium (Orchidaceae). J. Japan. Soc. Hort.Sci. 60 : 159-165. – reference: 6. Iwahori, S. 1965. High temperature injuries in tomato. IV. Development of normal flower buds and morphological abnormalities of flower buds treated with high temperature. J. Japan. Soc. Hort.Sci. 34 : 33-41. – reference: 18. Stuart, N. W. and H. M. Cathey. 1961. Applied aspects of the gibberellins. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 12 : 369-394. – reference: 2. Brian, P. W. 1959. Effects of gibberellins on plant growth and development. Biol. Rev. 34 : 37-84. – reference: 17. Shull, J. K. and M. Y. Menzel. 1977. A study of the reliability of synchrony in the development of pollen mother cells of Lilium longiflorum at the first meiotic prophase. Amer. J. Bot. 64 : 670-679. – reference: 10. Ohno, H. and S. Kako. 1978. Development of inflorescences in Cymbidium (Orchidaceae). II. An estimation of critical and abortive stages for the effect of high temperature. Environ. Control in Biol.16 : 81-91. – reference: 15. Sachs, R. M. 1968. Control of intercalary growth in the scape of gerbera by auxin and gibberellic acid. Amer. J. Bot. 55: 62-68. – reference: 20. Van Bragt, J. and K. J. Van Ast. 1976. Substitution of the cold requirement of tulip cv. Apeldoorn by GA3. Scientia Hortic. 4: 117-122. – reference: 9. Ohno, H. and S. Kako. 1978. Development of inflorescences in Cymbidium (Orchidaceae). I. Difference in temperature effects depending on the developmental stage of inflorescences. Environ.Control in Biol. 16 : 73-80. – reference: 16. Sakai, K. 1937. Failure of cytokinesis due to low temperature in microsporogenesis of Oryza sativa L. Proc. Crop. Sci. Soc. Jap. 9 : 207-212. – reference: 4. Erickson, R. O. 1948. Cytological and growth correlations in the flower bud and anther of Lilium longiflorum. Amer. J. Bot. 35 : 729-739. |
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| Snippet | 「花飛び」現象を誘起する高温の影響と花粉形成段階との関係を明らかにするため, 花らいの外花被長と花粉形成段階との相関を小型シンビジウムのサザナミ'ハルノウミ'を用いて調べた. 1.花らいの着生位置によらず, 減数分裂期までは両者に密接な相関のあることが明らかとなった. 胞原細胞期にあった花らいは, 高温... |
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| Title | シンビジウムの花粉形成ならびに「花飛び」現象に及ぼす高温およびGA3の影響 |
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