Simple MoS2–Nanofiber Paper-Based Fluorescence Immunosensor for Point-of-Care Detection of Programmed Cell Death Protein 1

• Published in: Analytical chemistry (Washington) Vol. 93; no. 25; pp. 8791 - 8798
• Main Authors: Peng, Xiaolun, Wang, Yijia, Wen, Wei, Chen, Miao-Miao, Zhang, Xiuhua, Wang, Shengfu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington American Chemical Society 29.06.2021
• Subjects: Antibodies; Apoptosis; Cell activation; Cell culture; Cell death; Chemistry; Chronic infection; Energy transfer; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Fluorescence; Fluorescence resonance energy transfer; Graphene; Immunization; Immunosensors; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes T; Molybdenum; Molybdenum disulfide; Monitoring; Nanofibers; PD-1 protein; Proteins; Quantum dots; Quenching; Recovery; Selectivity
• ISSN: 0003-2700; 1520-6882
• DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00269

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is one of the coinhibitory checkpoints upon T cell activation, the abnormal expression of which severely threatens host immune modulatation for chronic infection. Thus, fast and sensitive monitoring of PD-1 is of vital importance for early diagnosis and cancer treatment. The current detection methods largely based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) require time-consuming incubation and complicated washing steps. Herein, we designed a simple and portable nanofiber paper (NFP)-based fluorescence “off-on” immunosensor for PD-1 rapid determination. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets modified NFP (MoS2–NFP) was employed for adsorbing and immobilizing CdSe/ZnS quantum dots-antibody (QDs-Ab) complex to construct a ready-to-use fluorescent immunosensor. The fluorescent signal of QDs-Ab was initially quenched by MoS2 under the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect. When the PD-1 target was specifically captured onto NFP by immunization, the QDs-Ab-PD-1 complex was promptly desorbed from the MoS2–NFP surface, resulting in FRET impediment and fluorescence recovery. As an alternative quenching agent, graphene oxide (GO) served as a contrast to investigate NFP-based sensing performance. Owing to superior quenching and desorption efficiency, the MoS2–NFP-based fluorescence immunosensor exhibited nearly 2-fold lower detection limit (85.5 pg/mL) than GO–NFP-based sensor (151 pg/mL) for PD-1 monitoring. Excellent selectivity and satisfactory recovery in PD-1 mouse cell culture supernatant samples were confirmed as well. In addition, the comparable detectability of the MoS2–NFP-based immunosensor was accurately evaluated by a standard PD-1 mouse ELISA kit. This study displayed a simple, rapid, low-cost, and portable point-of-care PD-1 assay, indicating its broad application prospect toward clinical diagnoses.