Energy Management for Fault-tolerant (m,k)-constrained Real-time Systems That Use Standby-Sparing

Fault tolerance, energy management, and quality of service (QoS) are essential aspects for the design of real-time embedded systems. In this work, we focus on exploring methods that can simultaneously address the above three critical issues under standby-sparing. The standby-sparing mechanism adopts...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inACM transactions on embedded computing systems Vol. 23; no. 3; pp. 1 - 36
Main Authors Niu, Linwei, Rawat, Danda B., Zhu, Dakai, Musselwhite, Jonathan, Gu, Zonghua, Deng, Qingxu
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York, NY ACM 25.04.2024
Subjects
Computer systems organization
Embedded systems
Energy efficiency
fault tolerance
QoS
Real-time systems
Redundancy
Reliability
standby-sparing
Energy efficiency
fault tolerance
QoS
standby-sparing
real-time systems
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Summary:Fault tolerance, energy management, and quality of service (QoS) are essential aspects for the design of real-time embedded systems. In this work, we focus on exploring methods that can simultaneously address the above three critical issues under standby-sparing. The standby-sparing mechanism adopts a dual-processor architecture in which each processor plays the role of the backup for the other one dynamically. In this way, it can provide fault tolerance subject to both permanent and transient faults. Due to its duplicate executions of the real-time jobs/tasks, the energy consumption of a standby-sparing system could be quite high. With the purpose of reducing energy under standby-sparing, we proposed three novel scheduling schemes: The first one is for (1, 1)-constrained tasks, and the second one and the third one (which can be combined into an integrated approach to maximize the overall energy reduction) are for general (m,k)-constrained tasks that require that among any k consecutive jobs of a task no more than (k-m) out of them could miss their deadlines. Through extensive evaluations and performance analysis, our results demonstrate that compared with the existing research, the proposed techniques can reduce energy by up to 11% for (1, 1)-constrained tasks and 25% for general (m,k)-constrained tasks while assuring (m,k)-constraints and fault tolerance as well as providing better user perceived QoS levels under standby-sparing.
ISSN:1539-9087
1558-3465
1558-3465
DOI:10.1145/3648365