Resolving the Trilemma Challenge in Blockchain: An Integrated Consensus Mechanism for Balancing Security, Scalability, and Decentralization

• Published in: Automatic control and computer sciences Vol. 59; no. 3; pp. 297 - 316
• Main Authors: Khandakar Md Shafin, Saha Reno
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Moscow Pleiades Publishing 01.06.2025
• Subjects: Computer Science; Control Structures and Microprogramming; consensus; security; decentralization; blockchain; scalability
• ISSN: 0146-4116; 1558-108X
• DOI: 10.3103/S0146411625700476

Finding a way to solve the trilemma, which requires striking a balance between scalability, security, and decentralization, is a persistent problem in the field of blockchain technology. In order to overcome this trilemma, this study presents a novel blockchain architecture that combines cutting-edge cryptography techniques, creative security protocols, and flexible decentralization mechanisms. Our framework is a new standard for secure, scalable, and decentralized blockchain ecosystems. It utilizes well-known techniques like zero knowledge proof (zk-SNARK), Schnorr VRF, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), and in addition to innovative approaches for anomaly detection, incentive alignment, and stake distribution. The suggested system outperforms elite consensuses by obtaining 1600+ TPS, guaranteeing strong security against all known blockchain attacks without sacrificing scalability, and obtaining a strong decentralization score of 7.181, which, when compared to other blockchain systems in benchmark analysis, shows strong decentralization.