The role of a redox-active non-innocent ligand in additive-free C-C Glaser-Hay and Suzuki coupling reactions by an -aminophenol palladium() complex
A novel mononuclear palladium complex with 2-(3,5-di- tert -butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl amino) benzonitrile as a non-innocent ligand (abbreviated as Pd II L 2 NIS ) was synthesized, and characterized by IR, UV-Vis, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopies and elemental analysis. The crystal structure clearly showe...
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Published in | RSC advances Vol. 13; no. 5; pp. 3278 - 3289 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Published |
20.01.2023
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Online Access | Get full text |
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Abstract | A novel mononuclear palladium complex with 2-(3,5-di-
tert
-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl amino) benzonitrile as a non-innocent ligand (abbreviated as Pd
II
L
2
NIS
) was synthesized, and characterized by IR, UV-Vis,
1
H and
13
C NMR spectroscopies and elemental analysis. The crystal structure clearly showed that the metal center was in a square planar environment. The bond lengths obtained from X-ray structure analysis revealed that both ligands are in the
o
-iminobenzosemiquinone radical form. The neutral complex showed strong absorptions in the NIR region, corresponding to the ILCT (intra-ligand charge transfer). Catalytic tests performed for the coupling reaction of terminal alkynes showed that the palladium Pd
II
L
2
NIS
complex acts as a highly effective catalyst for the base-free C-C coupling reactions, leading to diyne derivatives with excellent yields. The Pd
II
L
2
NIS
complex in ethanol, as a green solvent, is demonstrated to be an exceptionally active phosphine-free catalyst for the Suzuki reaction of aryl iodides and bromides. The reaction can be carried out under mild conditions (room temperature) with high yields without using a microwave or phosphine ligands. This catalyst exhibits an interesting application of redox non-innocent ligands, the electron reservoir behavior, which makes it needless to use additional reagents. The theoretical calculation provides more details about the complex structure, molecular orbitals, and electronic state.
A palladium complex of non-innocent ligand a was synthesized, and characterized by IR, UV-Vis,
1
H and
13
C NMR spectroscopies and elemental analysis. |
---|---|
AbstractList | A novel mononuclear palladium complex with 2-(3,5-di-
tert
-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl amino) benzonitrile as a non-innocent ligand (abbreviated as Pd
II
L
2
NIS
) was synthesized, and characterized by IR, UV-Vis,
1
H and
13
C NMR spectroscopies and elemental analysis. The crystal structure clearly showed that the metal center was in a square planar environment. The bond lengths obtained from X-ray structure analysis revealed that both ligands are in the
o
-iminobenzosemiquinone radical form. The neutral complex showed strong absorptions in the NIR region, corresponding to the ILCT (intra-ligand charge transfer). Catalytic tests performed for the coupling reaction of terminal alkynes showed that the palladium Pd
II
L
2
NIS
complex acts as a highly effective catalyst for the base-free C-C coupling reactions, leading to diyne derivatives with excellent yields. The Pd
II
L
2
NIS
complex in ethanol, as a green solvent, is demonstrated to be an exceptionally active phosphine-free catalyst for the Suzuki reaction of aryl iodides and bromides. The reaction can be carried out under mild conditions (room temperature) with high yields without using a microwave or phosphine ligands. This catalyst exhibits an interesting application of redox non-innocent ligands, the electron reservoir behavior, which makes it needless to use additional reagents. The theoretical calculation provides more details about the complex structure, molecular orbitals, and electronic state.
A palladium complex of non-innocent ligand a was synthesized, and characterized by IR, UV-Vis,
1
H and
13
C NMR spectroscopies and elemental analysis. |
Author | Wojtczak, Andrzej Safaei, Elham Azami, S. Mohammad Pakpour, Fatemeh Kaldunska, Karolina |
AuthorAffiliation | Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences Shirazu University Faculty of Chemistry Yasouj University Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun – name: Yasouj University – name: Faculty of Chemistry – name: Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences – name: Shirazu University |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Fatemeh surname: Pakpour fullname: Pakpour, Fatemeh – sequence: 2 givenname: Elham surname: Safaei fullname: Safaei, Elham – sequence: 3 givenname: S. Mohammad surname: Azami fullname: Azami, S. Mohammad – sequence: 4 givenname: Andrzej surname: Wojtczak fullname: Wojtczak, Andrzej – sequence: 5 givenname: Karolina surname: Kaldunska fullname: Kaldunska, Karolina |
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ContentType | Journal Article |
DOI | 10.1039/d2ra07252a |
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Notes | Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. CCDC For ESI and crystallographic data in CIF or other electronic format see DOI https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ra07252a 2157991 |
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References_xml | – issn: 2005 doi: Chaudhuri Wieghardt Weyhermüller Paine Mukherjee Mukherjee – issn: 1973 publication-title: Acetylenes doi: Seigler – issn: 2016 publication-title: Gaussian09 doi: Frisch Trucks Schlegel Scuseria Robb Cheeseman Scalmani Barone Petersson Nakatsuji Li Caricato Marenich Bloino Janesko Gomperts Mennucci Hratchian Ortiz Izmaylov Sonnenberg Williams-Young Ding Lipparini Egidi Goings Peng Petrone Henderson Ranasinghe Zakrzewski Gao Rega Zheng Liang Hada Ehara Toyota Fukuda Hasegawa Ishida Nakajima Honda Kitao Nakai Vreven Throssell Montgomery Jr Peralta Ogliaro Bearpark Heyd Brothers Kudin Staroverov Keith Kobayashi Normand Raghavachari Rendell Burant Iyengar Tomasi Cossi Millam Klene Adamo Cammi Ochterski Martin Morokuma Farkas Foresman Fox – issn: 2005 publication-title: Polyynes: synthesis, properties, and applications doi: Cataldo |
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Snippet | A novel mononuclear palladium complex with 2-(3,5-di-
tert
-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl amino) benzonitrile as a non-innocent ligand (abbreviated as Pd
II
L
2
NIS
)... |
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SourceType | Publisher |
StartPage | 3278 |
Title | The role of a redox-active non-innocent ligand in additive-free C-C Glaser-Hay and Suzuki coupling reactions by an -aminophenol palladium() complex |
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