Electrocatalytic synthesis of α,α--dihalide ketones from α-mono-halide ketones and unexpected dimer condensation
A novel, environmentally friendly electrocatalytic process has been developed to prepare α,α- gem -dihalide (F, Cl, and Br) ketones from α-mono-halide ketones in an aqueous solution containing alkali halide salts. The gem -dihalides could have the same or different halogens on the same carbon, depen...
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Published in | Green chemistry : an international journal and green chemistry resource : GC Vol. 24; no. 7; pp. 2859 - 287 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Published |
04.04.2022
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Online Access | Get full text |
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Abstract | A novel, environmentally friendly electrocatalytic process has been developed to prepare α,α-
gem
-dihalide (F, Cl, and Br) ketones from α-mono-halide ketones in an aqueous solution containing alkali halide salts. The
gem
-dihalides could have the same or different halogens on the same carbon, depending on the reactant and inorganic halide salt used. An electron-withdrawing group, such as carbonyl, located at the α-site of mono-halogenated carbon, was essential to the reaction. The electrosyntheses were performed under ambient conditions without inert gas protection and displayed yields of about 80%. This method avoided the classical haloform elimination reaction. However, when the aqueous solution contained NaOH, two α-mono-halide ketone molecules had a special dimer condensation. The reaction mechanisms were explored by conducting GC-MS, EPR, and CV with DFT calculations. These revealed that
in situ
generation of a halogen radical initiated electrocatalytic halogenation, while the dimer condensation involved a hydroxyl radical-mediated C1 fragment elimination.
Starting from α-mono-halide ketone, this paper demonstrates a novel electrocatalytic method of halogenation for α,α-
gem
-dihalide ketone synthesis and a NaOH-mediated dimer condensation reaction for keto-ester synthesis. |
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AbstractList | A novel, environmentally friendly electrocatalytic process has been developed to prepare α,α-
gem
-dihalide (F, Cl, and Br) ketones from α-mono-halide ketones in an aqueous solution containing alkali halide salts. The
gem
-dihalides could have the same or different halogens on the same carbon, depending on the reactant and inorganic halide salt used. An electron-withdrawing group, such as carbonyl, located at the α-site of mono-halogenated carbon, was essential to the reaction. The electrosyntheses were performed under ambient conditions without inert gas protection and displayed yields of about 80%. This method avoided the classical haloform elimination reaction. However, when the aqueous solution contained NaOH, two α-mono-halide ketone molecules had a special dimer condensation. The reaction mechanisms were explored by conducting GC-MS, EPR, and CV with DFT calculations. These revealed that
in situ
generation of a halogen radical initiated electrocatalytic halogenation, while the dimer condensation involved a hydroxyl radical-mediated C1 fragment elimination.
Starting from α-mono-halide ketone, this paper demonstrates a novel electrocatalytic method of halogenation for α,α-
gem
-dihalide ketone synthesis and a NaOH-mediated dimer condensation reaction for keto-ester synthesis. |
Author | Lin, Tong Zhou, Bei Hu, Min Lei, Hong Lin, Jun Du, Guan-Ben Chang, Zu-Hui He, Yu-Juan Tao, Yun-Feng Liu, Lan-Xiang |
AuthorAffiliation | Ministry of Science and Technology School of Chemical Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilisation in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education College of Life Science School of Textile Science and Engineering International Joint-Research Center for Bio-Materials Southwest Forestry University State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources Yunnan Province Key Lab of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products Tiangong University Yunnan University |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: School of Textile Science and Engineering – name: College of Life Science – name: School of Chemical Science and Technology – name: Southwest Forestry University – name: Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources – name: International Joint-Research Center for Bio-Materials – name: Yunnan University – name: Tiangong University – name: Ministry of Education – name: Yunnan Province Key Lab of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products – name: State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes – name: Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilisation in the Southwest Mountains of China – name: Ministry of Science and Technology |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Bei surname: Zhou fullname: Zhou, Bei – sequence: 2 givenname: Yu-Juan surname: He fullname: He, Yu-Juan – sequence: 3 givenname: Yun-Feng surname: Tao fullname: Tao, Yun-Feng – sequence: 4 givenname: Lan-Xiang surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Lan-Xiang – sequence: 5 givenname: Min surname: Hu fullname: Hu, Min – sequence: 6 givenname: Zu-Hui surname: Chang fullname: Chang, Zu-Hui – sequence: 7 givenname: Hong surname: Lei fullname: Lei, Hong – sequence: 8 givenname: Jun surname: Lin fullname: Lin, Jun – sequence: 9 givenname: Tong surname: Lin fullname: Lin, Tong – sequence: 10 givenname: Guan-Ben surname: Du fullname: Du, Guan-Ben |
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Notes | Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. CCDC For ESI and crystallographic data in CIF or other electronic format see DOI 10.1039/d1gc04584a 2106444 |
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Snippet | A novel, environmentally friendly electrocatalytic process has been developed to prepare α,α-
gem
-dihalide (F, Cl, and Br) ketones from α-mono-halide ketones... |
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Title | Electrocatalytic synthesis of α,α--dihalide ketones from α-mono-halide ketones and unexpected dimer condensation |
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