Pre-transplant Use of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study

• Published in: American journal of transplantation
• Main Authors: Guo, Zhiyong, Liu, Yao, Ling, Qi, Xu, Leibo, Wang, Tielong, Zhu, Jiaxing, Lin, Yimou, Lu, Xinjun, Qu, Wei, Zhang, Fan, Zhu, Zhijun, Zhang, Jian, Jia, Zehua, Zeng, Ping, Wang, Wenjing, Sun, Qiang, Luo, Qijie, Hu, Zemin, Zheng, Zhouying, Jia, Yingbin, Li, Jian, Zheng, Yujian, Wang, Mengchao, Wang, Shaoping, Han, Zemin, Yu, Sheng, Li, Chuanjiang, Zhang, Shuhua, Xiong, Jun, Deng, Feiwen, Liu, Ying, Chen, Huanwei, Wang, Yanfeng, Li, Ling, Liang, Wenjin, Schlegel, Andrea, Björn, Nashan, Liu, Chao, Zheng, Shusen, He, Xiaoshun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 18.04.2024
• Subjects: immune checkpoint inhibitors; allograft rejection; hepatocellular carcinoma; liver transplantation

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as a downstaging or bridging therapy for liver transplantation (LT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is rapidly increasing. However, the evidence about the feasibility and safety of pre-LT ICIs therapy is limited and controversial. To this end, a multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted in 11 Chinese centers. The results showed that 83 recipients received pre-LT ICIs therapy during the study period. The median post-LT follow up was 8.1 (interquartile range [IQR] 3.3-14.6) months. During the short follow-up, 23 (27.7%) recipients developed allograft rejection, and 7 of them (30.4%) was diagnosed by liver biopsy. Multivariate logistics regression analysis showed that time interval between the last administration of ICIs therapy and LT (TLAT) ≥ 30 days was an independent protective factor for allograft rejection (OR = 0.096, 95%CI 0.026-0.357; P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that allograft rejection was an independent risk factor for overall survival (OS) (HR = 9.960, 95%CI 1.006-98.610; P = 0.043). We conclude that patients who receive a pre-LT ICIs therapy with a TLAT shorter than 30 days have a much higher risk of allograft rejection than those with a TLAT longer than 30 days. The presence of rejection episodes might be associated with a higher post-LT mortality.