A Cadaveric Case of Bilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia With Lung Cancer: A Paraneoplastic Syndrome?

• Published in: Cureus Vol. 16; no. 5; p. e59443
• Main Authors: Velayudham, Ganesh K, Saqlain, Mohammed S, Phillips, Isabel, Saloway, Juliette, Katti, Karuna
• Format: Report
• Language: English
• Published: 01.05.2024
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59443
• ISSN: 2168-8184

Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia associated with primary lung cancer may arise from either an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent paraneoplastic syndrome or metastatic hyperplasia. Ectopic Cushing's syndrome manifests as a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by the secretion of ACTH from malignant cells. This secretion can in turn overstimulate the adrenal cortex, resulting in adrenal cortical hyperplasia followed by hypercortisolism. Though rare, lung cancer can metastasize to the adrenal glands bilaterally, occasionally resulting in hemorrhage causing a rapid increase in size. This cadaveric report aims to delineate an unusual case of metastatic lung cancer, presenting with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and two abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). An 84-year-old white male cadaver was dissected during routine coursework. Dissection of the right lung revealed a pale-yellow mass measuring 10.0 x 7.4 x 7.0cm. An irregularly defined, necrotic, ulcerated lesion measuring 5.5 x 4.5 x 3.3cm was evident on the lateral surface of the left shoulder, consistent with a history of metastatic lung carcinoma. Upon abdominal dissection, bilaterally enlarged adrenal glands and two AAAs were observed. These AAAs measured 6.0cm and 11.0cm at their respective widest transverse diameters. The right and left adrenal glands measured 10.0 x 6.5 x 4.5cm and 7.3 x 4.7 x 3.5cm, respectively. We aim to discuss the possible pathophysiological correlation of these unusual findings in this cadaver.