Mental health problems and objective indicators of quality of life of adults with intellectual disabilities/Problemi mentalnog zdravlja i objektivni pokazatelji kvalitete zivota odraslih osoba s intelektualnim teskocama

• Published in: Hrvatska revija za rehabilitacijska istraživanja Vol. 49; no. 2; p. 50
• Main Authors: Kramaric, Milivoj, Sekusak-galesev, Snjezana, Bratkovic, Daniela
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Sveuciliste U Zagrebu 01.11.2013
• ISSN: 1331-3010

In previous studies in our country in the field of intellectual disabilities has not been studied relationship between problems of mental health and quality of life (except in isolated samples). Therefore, this paper presents the results of research whose objectives were to evaluate objective indicators of quality of life of adults with intellectual disabilities due to the conditions of their accommodation and their association with the occurrence of mental health problems and behavioral problems. The study was conducted on two samples of participants: sample of adults with intellectual disabilities (older than 21 years) located in the family (N = 90) and sample of adults with intellectual disabilities (older than 21 years) placed in an institution (N = 93) matched in gender, level of intellectual disability and age. We applied three measuring instruments: Scale for developmental--psychiatric diagnosis in persons with intellectual disability (SRPD, Dosen, 1996), the AAMD- -Adaptive Behavior Scale Part II (Igric, Fulgosi-Masnjak, 1991), Scale for the Assessment of Objective Indicators of Quality of Life of People with Intellectual Disabilities (Teodorovic, Bratkovic, Skrinjar, Kraljevic, 1997; Bratkovic, 2002). The results were processed by the method of factor analysis, discriminant analysis and robust quasicanonical correlation analysis. It turned out that the quality of life of participants living in families is significantly better, despite the fact that there are still some aspects of quality of life that are better in the institution. It was also found that the quality of life is significantly different depending on the severity of intellectual disability present in subjects regardless whether they live in a family or institution. Connection between quality of life and the emergence of psychological distress and behavioral disorders in patients in the family and those located in the institution is statistically significant,--which means that in the family and the institution are protective and risk factors related to the quality of life that affect mental health patients. Keywords: mental health, quality of life, intellectual disability U dosadasnjim istrazivanjima u nasoj zemlji u podrucju intelektualnih teskoca do sada nije izucavana povezanost problema mentalnog zdravlja i kvalitete zivota (osim na izoliranim uzorcima). Stoga su u ovom radu prikazani rezultati istrazivanja ciji su ciljevi bili: ispitati objektivne pokazatelje kvalitete zivota odraslih osoba s intelektualnim teskocama obzirom na uvjete njihovog smjestaja te njihovu povezanost s pojavom psihickih teskoca i problema u ponasanju. Istrazivanje je provedeno na dva uzorka ispitanika: 1. uzorak odraslih osoba s intelektualnim teskocama (starijih od 21 godine) smjestenih u obitelji (N=90) i 2. uzorak odraslih osoba s intelektualnim teskocama (starijih od 21 godine) smjestenih u instituciji (N=93), izjednacenih po spolu, stupnju intelektualnih teskoca i dobi. Primjenjena su tri mjerna instrumenta: Skala za razvojno psihijatrijsku dijagnostiku (SRPD, Dosen, 1996), AAMD--Skala adaptivnog ponasanja Udio (Nihira i sur., 1977, prema Igric, Fulgosi-Masnjak, 1991), Skala procjene objektivnih indikatora kvalitete zivljenja osoba s intelektualnim teskocama (Teodorovic, Bratkovic, Skrinjar, Kraljevic, 1997, prema Bratkovic, 2002). Obrada rezultata izvrsena je metodama faktorske analize, robustne diskriminativne analize i kvazikanonicke korelacijske analize, a izracunata su i mjerna svojstva mjernih instrumenata. Pokazalo se da je kvaliteta zivota ispitanika koji zive u obitelji statisticki znacajno bolja, unatoc cinjenici da ipak postoje neki aspekti kvalitete zivota koji su bolji u instituciji. Takocer je ustanovljeno da se kvaliteta zivota znacajno razlikuje ovisno o tezini intelektualnih teskoca prisutnih kod ispitanika, neovisno tome zive li u obitelji ili instituciji. Povezanost kvalitete zivota i pojave psihickih poteskoca i poremecaja uponasanju i kod ispitanika u obitelji i onih smjestenih u instituciju je statisticki znacajna, sto znaci da i u obitelji i u instituciji postoje zastitni i rizicni faktori vezani uz kvalitetu zivota koji utjecu na mentalno zdravlje ispitanika. Kljucne rijeci: mentalno zdravlje, kvaliteta zivota, intelektualne teskoce