Immune dysfunction in spaceflight and diabetes mellitus – translating space observations to terrestrial disease

Introduction: Spaceflight alters normal physiology of cells and tissues seen on Earth. Immune cells and signaling molecules appear to be particularly affected, resulting in changes in leukocyte populations, killing ability and effector function, and signaling molecule response. Akin to spaceflight,...

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Published inMcGill journal of medicine Vol. 17; no. 1
Main Authors Adil S. Ahmed, Vignesh Ramachandran, Daniel K. O'Conor, Erik L. Antonsen
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published McGill University 01.07.2020
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Abstract Introduction: Spaceflight alters normal physiology of cells and tissues seen on Earth. Immune cells and signaling molecules appear to be particularly affected, resulting in changes in leukocyte populations, killing ability and effector function, and signaling molecule response. Akin to spaceflight, diabetes mellitus produces significant immune system dysfunction. Applying observations and interventions from spaceflight to conditions such as diabetes mellitus may help to identify new approaches that combat the high clinical and financial burden of terrestrial disease. Discussion: A literature review was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. Papers of immune cells conducted in space and studies on diabetes mellitus-related immune dysfunction were included. Broad themes of immunosuppression were seen in both spaceflight and diabetes mellitus. Effects on lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, fibroblasts, growth factors, and inflammatory factors are presented. Conclusions: Immune responses to spaceflight and DM are inconsistent. The innate immune system responds similarly to spaceflight and DM. In contrast, the adaptive immune system responds differently to spaceflight than to DM. This difference may be the result of a glucocorticoid dominant response linked to innate suppression and a Th2 lymphocyte shift. Relevance: Diabetes mellitus causes major morbidity and mortality on Earth. Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms behind these differences and develop countermeasures for immunosuppression in space with application towards diabetic therapy on earth. Furthermore, commercial spaceflight makes it all the more necessary to elucidate these mechanisms as civilian participants with diabetes mellitus or other immune-altering conditions may be space bound.
AbstractList Introduction: Spaceflight alters normal physiology of cells and tissues seen on Earth. Immune cells and signaling molecules appear to be particularly affected, resulting in changes in leukocyte populations, killing ability and effector function, and signaling molecule response. Akin to spaceflight, diabetes mellitus produces significant immune system dysfunction. Applying observations and interventions from spaceflight to conditions such as diabetes mellitus may help to identify new approaches that combat the high clinical and financial burden of terrestrial disease. Discussion: A literature review was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. Papers of immune cells conducted in space and studies on diabetes mellitus-related immune dysfunction were included. Broad themes of immunosuppression were seen in both spaceflight and diabetes mellitus. Effects on lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, fibroblasts, growth factors, and inflammatory factors are presented. Conclusions: Immune responses to spaceflight and DM are inconsistent. The innate immune system responds similarly to spaceflight and DM. In contrast, the adaptive immune system responds differently to spaceflight than to DM. This difference may be the result of a glucocorticoid dominant response linked to innate suppression and a Th2 lymphocyte shift. Relevance: Diabetes mellitus causes major morbidity and mortality on Earth. Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms behind these differences and develop countermeasures for immunosuppression in space with application towards diabetic therapy on earth. Furthermore, commercial spaceflight makes it all the more necessary to elucidate these mechanisms as civilian participants with diabetes mellitus or other immune-altering conditions may be space bound.
Author Daniel K. O'Conor
Erik L. Antonsen
Vignesh Ramachandran
Adil S. Ahmed
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  fullname: Adil S. Ahmed
  organization: 1. Center for Space Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA 2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
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  fullname: Vignesh Ramachandran
  organization: 1. Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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  fullname: Daniel K. O'Conor
  organization: 1. Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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  fullname: Erik L. Antonsen
  organization: 1. Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA 3. Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Texas, USA 4. Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Snippet Introduction: Spaceflight alters normal physiology of cells and tissues seen on Earth. Immune cells and signaling molecules appear to be particularly affected,...
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SubjectTerms cellular
diabetes mellitus
humoral
immune dysfunction
immune system
innate
Title Immune dysfunction in spaceflight and diabetes mellitus – translating space observations to terrestrial disease
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