Exploring carbon electrode parameters in Li–O 2 cells: Li 2 O 2 and Li 2 CO 3 formation
Ensuring the stability of the electrode and electrolyte in Li–O 2 batteries and achieving a comprehensive understanding of parasitic side reaction management during cycling are key issues for the progress of this promising energy storage technology. Conditions that favour formation of either Li 2 O...
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Published in | Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability Vol. 12; no. 12; pp. 7215 - 7226 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
19.03.2024
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Online Access | Get full text |
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Abstract | Ensuring the stability of the electrode and electrolyte in Li–O
2
batteries and achieving a comprehensive understanding of parasitic side reaction management during cycling are key issues for the progress of this promising energy storage technology. Conditions that favour formation of either Li
2
O
2
or Li
2
CO
3
in Li–O
2
cells on carbon-based electrodes were investigated.
Operando
Raman microscopy measurements and
ex situ
Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses were performed for Li–O
2
systems using Li[ClO
4
]/DMSO as the electrolyte and carbon paper (CP) and carbon paper with carbon nanotubes (CPCNT) as electrodes. Using CP electrodes (either treated or untreated with O
2
plasma), the major discharge product formed was Li
2
O
2
. In contrast, for CPCNT electrodes, the formation of Li
2
CO
3
as the main discharge product was observed at lower capacities, then significant formation of Li
2
O
2
proceeded at higher discharge capacities. XPS highlighted that the surface chemistry of the CPCNT electrode comprised fluorine and a variety of iron species, which could be linked to the promotion of Li
2
CO
3
formation. Furthermore, it was observed that when Li
2
CO
3
is the main discharge product, the active sites of functional groups on carbon surfaces that favour carbonate formation become coated/passivated. Consequently, the dominant reaction pathway then alters, leading to the growth of Li
2
O
2
over the surface. These outcomes emphasized the important role in cycling stability of the active sites on carbon electrodes, arising from the synthesis process or possible contaminants. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Ensuring the stability of the electrode and electrolyte in Li–O
2
batteries and achieving a comprehensive understanding of parasitic side reaction management during cycling are key issues for the progress of this promising energy storage technology. Conditions that favour formation of either Li
2
O
2
or Li
2
CO
3
in Li–O
2
cells on carbon-based electrodes were investigated.
Operando
Raman microscopy measurements and
ex situ
Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses were performed for Li–O
2
systems using Li[ClO
4
]/DMSO as the electrolyte and carbon paper (CP) and carbon paper with carbon nanotubes (CPCNT) as electrodes. Using CP electrodes (either treated or untreated with O
2
plasma), the major discharge product formed was Li
2
O
2
. In contrast, for CPCNT electrodes, the formation of Li
2
CO
3
as the main discharge product was observed at lower capacities, then significant formation of Li
2
O
2
proceeded at higher discharge capacities. XPS highlighted that the surface chemistry of the CPCNT electrode comprised fluorine and a variety of iron species, which could be linked to the promotion of Li
2
CO
3
formation. Furthermore, it was observed that when Li
2
CO
3
is the main discharge product, the active sites of functional groups on carbon surfaces that favour carbonate formation become coated/passivated. Consequently, the dominant reaction pathway then alters, leading to the growth of Li
2
O
2
over the surface. These outcomes emphasized the important role in cycling stability of the active sites on carbon electrodes, arising from the synthesis process or possible contaminants. |
Author | Nepel, Thayane M. C. Sousa, Bianca P. Anchieta, Chayene G. Filho, Rubens M. Hardwick, Laurence J. Neale, Alex R. Doubek, Gustavo |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Bianca P. orcidid: 0000-0002-0003-4337 surname: Sousa fullname: Sousa, Bianca P. organization: Laboratory of Advanced Batteries, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 500, Avenida Albert Einstein, 13083-852, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil – sequence: 2 givenname: Chayene G. orcidid: 0000-0001-5948-743X surname: Anchieta fullname: Anchieta, Chayene G. organization: Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland – sequence: 3 givenname: Thayane M. C. orcidid: 0000-0003-0865-0705 surname: Nepel fullname: Nepel, Thayane M. C. organization: Laboratory of Advanced Batteries, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 500, Avenida Albert Einstein, 13083-852, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil – sequence: 4 givenname: Alex R. surname: Neale fullname: Neale, Alex R. organization: Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool L69 7ZF, UK – sequence: 5 givenname: Laurence J. surname: Hardwick fullname: Hardwick, Laurence J. organization: Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool L69 7ZF, UK – sequence: 6 givenname: Rubens M. surname: Filho fullname: Filho, Rubens M. organization: Laboratory of Advanced Batteries, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 500, Avenida Albert Einstein, 13083-852, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil – sequence: 7 givenname: Gustavo orcidid: 0000-0001-9349-4801 surname: Doubek fullname: Doubek, Gustavo organization: Laboratory of Advanced Batteries, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 500, Avenida Albert Einstein, 13083-852, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil |
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