INCLUDE: Evaluating Multilingual Language Understanding with Regional Knowledge

• Main Authors: Romanou, Angelika, Foroutan, Negar, Sotnikova, Anna, Chen, Zeming, Nelaturu, Sree Harsha, Singh, Shivalika, Maheshwary, Rishabh, Altomare, Micol, Haggag, Mohamed A, A, Snegha, Amayuelas, Alfonso, Amirudin, Azril Hafizi, Aryabumi, Viraat, Boiko, Danylo, Chang, Michael, Chim, Jenny, Cohen, Gal, Dalmia, Aditya Kumar, Diress, Abraham, Duwal, Sharad, Dzenhaliou, Daniil, Florez, Daniel Fernando Erazo, Farestam, Fabian, Imperial, Joseph Marvin, Islam, Shayekh Bin, Isotalo, Perttu, Jabbarishiviari, Maral, Karlsson, Börje F, Khalilov, Eldar, Klamm, Christopher, Koto, Fajri, Krzemiński, Dominik, de Melo, Gabriel Adriano, Montariol, Syrielle, Nan, Yiyang, Niklaus, Joel, Novikova, Jekaterina, Ceron, Johan Samir Obando, Paul, Debjit, Ploeger, Esther, Purbey, Jebish, Rajwal, Swati, Ravi, Selvan Sunitha, Rydell, Sara, Santhosh, Roshan, Sharma, Drishti, Skenduli, Marjana Prifti, Moakhar, Arshia Soltani, Moakhar, Bardia Soltani, Tamir, Ran, Tarun, Ayush Kumar, Wasi, Azmine Toushik, Weerasinghe, Thenuka Ovin, Yilmaz, Serhan, Zhang, Mike, Schlag, Imanol, Fadaee, Marzieh, Hooker, Sara, Bosselut, Antoine
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 29.11.2024
• Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language
• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2411.19799

The performance differential of large language models (LLM) between languages hinders their effective deployment in many regions, inhibiting the potential economic and societal value of generative AI tools in many communities. However, the development of functional LLMs in many languages (\ie, multilingual LLMs) is bottlenecked by the lack of high-quality evaluation resources in languages other than English. Moreover, current practices in multilingual benchmark construction often translate English resources, ignoring the regional and cultural knowledge of the environments in which multilingual systems would be used. In this work, we construct an evaluation suite of 197,243 QA pairs from local exam sources to measure the capabilities of multilingual LLMs in a variety of regional contexts. Our novel resource, INCLUDE, is a comprehensive knowledge- and reasoning-centric benchmark across 44 written languages that evaluates multilingual LLMs for performance in the actual language environments where they would be deployed.