Temperature‐Dependent Diels‐Alder Cycloaddition on Polyoxometalate‐Supported Single‐Atom Catalysts M1/PTA (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt; PTA=[PW1240]3−)

• Published in: ChemistrySelect (Weinheim) Vol. 6; no. 40; pp. 10991 - 10997
• Main Authors: Chen, Dandan, Cao, Yingying, Zhang, Li‐Long, Li, Hu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 27.10.2021
• Subjects: density functional theory; Diels-Alder reaction; polyoxometalates; single-atom catalysts
• DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102697
• ISSN: 2365-6549

Diels‐Alder (D−A) reaction shaped both the art and science of total synthesis to some degree, while the effect of temperature on D−A activity over polyoxometalates supported single‐atom catalysts (SACs) has been infrequently studied and simulated using theoretical calculations. Herein, cycloaddition of 1,3‐butadiene (C4H6) and ethylene (C2H4) was employed as a model D−A reaction. The multitudes of SACs M1/PTA (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt; PTA=[PW12O40]3−) were examined by DFT‐M06l computations to understand the reaction mechanism on a molecular level. The adsorption energies of reactant and product, and activation energy barriers for all the studied SAC systems have the same variation trends with the temperature variations. Considering that the adsorption for C4H6 is always stronger than that of C2H4 in all the studied systems, the initial adsorption configurations is the M1/PTA SACs adsorbed one C4H6 molecule. Three SACs, namely the Co1/PTA and Rh1/PTA at 100 K, Rh1/PTA at 300 K were identified, which show predominant catalytic activity and the corresponding activation energy barriers are 4.21, 8.51 and 5.11 kcal mol−1, respectively. The bonding interaction between adsorbate C4H6 and SACs arises from the occupied molecular orbitals (MOs) with a mixture of π orbitals of C4H6 and d atomic orbitals of the metal single atom. These theoretical calculations give new guidelines to develop high catalytic activity and cost‐effective SACs towards the D−A reaction. Temperature takes control: Diels‐Alder cycloaddition of 1,3‐butadiene (C4H6) and ethylene (C2H4) to cyclohexene (C6H10) was examined over polyoxometalate‐supported single‐atom catalysts (SACs). Computational calculations showed that the adsorption energy and activation energy barriers of C4H6, C2H4 and C6H10 were strongly affected by the reaction temperature, in which the strong interaction between C4H6 and SACs arose from the charge transfer contribution of the catalytic center. Co1/PTA, Rh1/PTA and Pd1/PTA SACs exhibited high activity and reached their maximal performance in the respective temperature.