X Chromosome Dose and Sex Bias in Autoimmune Diseases

• Published in: Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) Vol. 68; no. 5; p. 1290
• Main Authors: Liu, Ke, Kurien, Biji T., Zimmerman, Sarah L., Kaufman, Kenneth M., Taft, Diana H., Kottyan, Leah C., Lazaro, Sara, Weaver, Carrie A., Ice, John A., Adler, Adam J., Chodosh, James, Radfar, Lida, Rasmussen, Astrid, Stone, Donald U., Lewis, David M., Li, Shibo, Koelsch, Kristi A., Igoe, Ann, Talsania, Mitali, Kumar, Jay, Maier-Moore, Jacen S., Harris, Valerie M., Gopalakrishnan, Rajaram, Jonsson, Roland, Lessard, James A., Lu, Xianglan, -Eric Gottenberg, Jacques, -Manuel Anaya, Juan, Cunninghame-Graham, Deborah S., Huang, Andrew J. W., Brennan, Michael T., Hughes, Pamela, Mei, Gabor G., Miceli-Richard, Corinne, Keystone, Edward C., Bykerk, Vivian P., Hirschfield, Gideon, Xie, Gang, Ng, Wan-Fai, Nordmark, Gunnel, Eriksson, Per, Omda, Roald, Rhodus, Nelson L., Rischmueller, Maureen, Rohrer, Michael, Sega, Barbara M., Vvse, Timothy J., Wahren-Herlenius, Marie, Witte, Torsten, Pons-Este, Bernardo, Alarcon-Riquelme, Marta E., Guthridge, Joel M., James, Judith A., Lessard, Christopher J., Kelly, Jennifer A., Thompson, Susan D., Gaffney, Patrick M., Montgomery, Courtney G., Edberg, Jeffrey C., Kimberly, Robert P., Alarcon, Gracicla S., Langefeld, Carl L., Gilkeson, Gary S., Kamen, Diane L., Tsao, Betty P., Joseph McCune, W., Salmon, Jane E., Merrill, Joan T., Weisman, Michael H., Wallace, Daniel J., Utset, Tammy, Bottinger, Erwin P., Amos, Christopher I., Siminovitch, Katherine A., Mariette, Xavier, Sivils, Kathy L., Harley, John B., Hal Scofield, R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 2016

Objective. More than 80% of autoimmune disease predominantly affects females, but the mechanism for this female bias is poorly understood. We suspected that an X chromosome dose effect accounts for this, and we undertook this study to test our hypothesis that trisomy X (47, XXX; occurring in similar...