不同玉米果穗位姿与含水率对穗柄断裂特性的影响
S225.5+1; 为解决现有摘穗机构功耗大、苞叶残留多的问题,该文以手工摘穗为研究模本,提炼出基于果穗位姿变化的穗柄受力断裂模型.以4种不同含水率的收获期玉米为试验材料,以果穗偏转角度为因素,进行了2组穗柄拉伸断裂随机区组试验.结果表明,随着果穗偏转角度增大,穗柄拉断力、断裂拉伸量及苞叶残留率会在一临界角度产生突变;当籽粒含水率分别为34.8%、30.2%、25.1%和20.3%时,该临界角度分别为50o～55o、50o～55o、45o～50o和45o～50o;穗柄偏转达到临界角度后,玉米穗柄拉断力分别降低了80%、86%、84%和80%,断裂拉伸量增加了72%、70%、93%和84%,苞叶...
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| Published in | 农业工程学报 Vol. 35; no. 16; pp. 60 - 69 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Chinese |
| Published |
吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,长春 130022
15.08.2019
中国农业机械化科学研究院,北京 100083%吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,长春 130022 吉林大学工程仿生教育部重点实验室,长春 130022 中国农业机械化科学研究院,北京 100083%河北中农博远农业装备有限公司,石家庄,050000 吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,长春 130022%吉林大学工程仿生教育部重点实验室,长春 130022 |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1002-6819 |
| DOI | 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.16.007 |
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| Abstract | S225.5+1; 为解决现有摘穗机构功耗大、苞叶残留多的问题,该文以手工摘穗为研究模本,提炼出基于果穗位姿变化的穗柄受力断裂模型.以4种不同含水率的收获期玉米为试验材料,以果穗偏转角度为因素,进行了2组穗柄拉伸断裂随机区组试验.结果表明,随着果穗偏转角度增大,穗柄拉断力、断裂拉伸量及苞叶残留率会在一临界角度产生突变;当籽粒含水率分别为34.8%、30.2%、25.1%和20.3%时,该临界角度分别为50o～55o、50o～55o、45o～50o和45o～50o;穗柄偏转达到临界角度后,玉米穗柄拉断力分别降低了80%、86%、84%和80%,断裂拉伸量增加了72%、70%、93%和84%,苞叶去除率增加了 41%、34%、32%和 36%;结果表明,对茎秆施加拉力时对果穗施加横向载荷,使果穗发生大于临界角度的偏转,可实现低耗摘穗;分析发现,穗柄断裂行为突变的诱因是表层纤维的受力由拉应力变为弯曲正应力,导致裂纹的萌生和扩展机理发生变化.该研究可为新型摘穗机构的设计提供理论依据和数据支撑. |
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| AbstractList | S225.5+1; 为解决现有摘穗机构功耗大、苞叶残留多的问题,该文以手工摘穗为研究模本,提炼出基于果穗位姿变化的穗柄受力断裂模型.以4种不同含水率的收获期玉米为试验材料,以果穗偏转角度为因素,进行了2组穗柄拉伸断裂随机区组试验.结果表明,随着果穗偏转角度增大,穗柄拉断力、断裂拉伸量及苞叶残留率会在一临界角度产生突变;当籽粒含水率分别为34.8%、30.2%、25.1%和20.3%时,该临界角度分别为50o～55o、50o～55o、45o～50o和45o～50o;穗柄偏转达到临界角度后,玉米穗柄拉断力分别降低了80%、86%、84%和80%,断裂拉伸量增加了72%、70%、93%和84%,苞叶去除率增加了 41%、34%、32%和 36%;结果表明,对茎秆施加拉力时对果穗施加横向载荷,使果穗发生大于临界角度的偏转,可实现低耗摘穗;分析发现,穗柄断裂行为突变的诱因是表层纤维的受力由拉应力变为弯曲正应力,导致裂纹的萌生和扩展机理发生变化.该研究可为新型摘穗机构的设计提供理论依据和数据支撑. |
| Abstract_FL | There are many problems exsist in the harvesting process of corn head. Firstly, kernels are likely to shed and broken because of the collision and friction between corn head and corn ears. Secondly, the working principle of the existing corn head is to snap corn ears by stretching, which needs a large amount of power consumption. Thirdly, most husks are remained around the corn ears, as the fracture point are mostly located at the growing point of the peduncle, which aggravates the difficulty of dehusking of corn ears and cleaning of corn kernels. However, the mentioned problems above could be avoided effectively when people picking corn ears with their two hands. People apply bending moment with the loading hand and hold peduncle and stalk together tightly with the supporting hand at the same time. Corn peduncles are subjected to tensile forces by the corn ear and tensile force by the stalk. Besides, a bending moment is applied on the peduncle by corn ear, as corn ear are subjected to lever action by people’s hand. A fracture model of corn peduncle was refined in the progress of picking corn ear by people’s hands in this research. The fracture behavior of corn peduncle could be altered by changing the position and orientation of corn ears. Through the fracture model, a design idea for corn ear snapping was proposed based on the existing corn heads. It worked with the principle of applying lateral force to corn ear when it got in collision with the deck plates. Researches were made to explore the fracture behavior of peduncle at different position and orientation under a range of moisture content and deflection angle. The test material were corn ears with the kernels moisture contents of 34.8%, 30.2%, 25.1% and 20.3%. The fracture force of peduncles, the stretching amount when peduncle fracture and the removal rate of husks were taken as the test indices. The first series of randomized block experiments were carried out on corn ears fixed with a deflection angle relative to the corn stalk. The deflection angle included six treatment from 0o to 75o with an incremental interval of 15o. The sceond series of randomized block experiments were conducted with the deflection angle of 50o and 55o as data jumped greatly between 45oand 60 o. The results showed that there were critical angles of peduncles with the kernels moisture of 34.8%, 30.2%, 25.1% and 20.3%. The critical angles were 50o to 55o, 50o to 55o, 45o to 50o and 45o to 50o corresponding to the moisture contents above. As the deflection angle of corn ears increased to the critical angle, the average fracture force of peduncles decreased from 717.18, 676.49, 611.23 and 462.86 N to 139.98, 94.70, 97.72 and 90.54 N, with the decreasing ratio of 80%, 86%, 84%, and 80%, corresponding to kernels moisture of 34.8%, 30.2%, 25.1% and 20.3%. Also, the stretching amount when peduncle fracture increased with the ratio of 72%, 70%, 93% and 84%, while the removal rate of husks increased by 41%, 34%, 32% and 36%. The Logistic function was the optimal approximation function for the fitting of fracture force of peduncles and the stretching amount when peduncle fracture, while a cubic functions of one variable was optimal for the removal rate of husks. By analysing the "load-displacement" curves of corn peduncles with the deflection angle of 45o and 60o at the moisture content of 25.1%, it showed that the acute change of data was attributed to the change of peduncle fracture mechanism. When the deflection angle was less than the critical angle, the peduncle fractured instantly after crack formation on the surface. The reason for the formation of crack was tensile stress getting higher than the stress limit. Otherwise, the peduncle fractured slowly after crack formation, with the formation reason of crack was bending normal stress getting higher than the stress limit. As an instructive conclusion, the bionic corn ear snapping device could be implemented by applying lateral force on corn ears to change their position and orientation. This study provides not only theory basis but also support data for the design and improvement of bionic corn snapping mechanism. |
| Author | 任露泉 付君 张立波 陈志 付乾坤 |
| AuthorAffiliation | 吉林大学工程仿生教育部重点实验室,长春 130022;吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,长春 130022%吉林大学工程仿生教育部重点实验室,长春 130022;吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,长春 130022;中国农业机械化科学研究院,北京 100083%吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,长春 130022;中国农业机械化科学研究院,北京 100083%河北中农博远农业装备有限公司,石家庄,050000 |
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| Author_FL | Fu Jun Ren Luquan Zhang Libo Chen Zhi Fu Qiankun |
| Author_FL_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Fu Qiankun – sequence: 2 fullname: Fu Jun – sequence: 3 fullname: Chen Zhi – sequence: 4 fullname: Zhang Libo – sequence: 5 fullname: Ren Luquan |
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| DocumentTitle_FL | Influence of different corn ear position and orientation and water content on fracture mechanics of corn peduncle |
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| Keywords | agricultural machinery 力学 玉米 试验 corn position and orientation mechanics fracture 摘穗 experiment 断裂 位姿 农业机械 ear snapping |
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| Title | 不同玉米果穗位姿与含水率对穗柄断裂特性的影响 |
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