油菜高速免耕直播机驱动型开畦沟装置设计与试验
S223.2+4; 针对长江中下游稻油轮作区现有油菜直播开畦沟装置高速作业(≥10km/h)时存在沟形稳定性较差、畦沟两侧厢面质量较差而导致油菜直播作业速度无法提高的问题,该研究研制了一种主动型开畦沟并同步厢面匀土的类螺桨高速开畦沟装置.基于运动学和动力学分析确定了影响减阻性能的关键因素及参数范围,并依此设计和确定了类螺桨低阻开畦沟刀片及其刀组排列方式;为降低阻力和保证抛土效率,开展了基于刀盘-土壤离散元模型的刀片旋切特性仿真试验,结果表明:随螺距角增大,阻力扭矩先减小后增加,且后磨刃的切削阻力小于前磨刃;最佳螺距角、刀刃结构参数组合下类螺桨刀组在作业速度12km/h、刀盘转速810r/min...
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| Published in | 农业工程学报 Vol. 39; no. 19; pp. 15 - 26 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Chinese |
| Published |
农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉 430070
01.10.2023
华中农业大学工学院,武汉 430070%华中农业大学工学院,武汉 430070 |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1002-6819 |
| DOI | 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202305159 |
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| Abstract | S223.2+4; 针对长江中下游稻油轮作区现有油菜直播开畦沟装置高速作业(≥10km/h)时存在沟形稳定性较差、畦沟两侧厢面质量较差而导致油菜直播作业速度无法提高的问题,该研究研制了一种主动型开畦沟并同步厢面匀土的类螺桨高速开畦沟装置.基于运动学和动力学分析确定了影响减阻性能的关键因素及参数范围,并依此设计和确定了类螺桨低阻开畦沟刀片及其刀组排列方式;为降低阻力和保证抛土效率,开展了基于刀盘-土壤离散元模型的刀片旋切特性仿真试验,结果表明:随螺距角增大,阻力扭矩先减小后增加,且后磨刃的切削阻力小于前磨刃;最佳螺距角、刀刃结构参数组合下类螺桨刀组在作业速度12km/h、刀盘转速810r/min时,阻力扭矩较直勺刀组减小176.6N·m,牵引阻力减小447.7N.基于动力学分析确定了影响匀土板匀土性能的因素及其参数范围,匀土仿真试验结果表明:左、右匀土板拱度为0.19,下倾角分别为10°、7°时匀土性较好.田间试验结果表明,在作业速度9～12km/h时,畦沟沟深169.1～188.6 mm,沟深稳定系数92.5％～95.6％、厢面平整度22.2～23.0 mm,两侧匀土变异系数分别为14.3％、17.2％,埋茬率81.96％～87.46％,碎土率93.26％～95.33％;作业速度12 km/h时的作业功耗为66.84 kW,满足油菜种植农艺要求.研究结果可为长江中下游稻油轮作区油菜高速免耕直播开畦沟及高质种床制备提供新方法. |
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| AbstractList | S223.2+4; 针对长江中下游稻油轮作区现有油菜直播开畦沟装置高速作业(≥10km/h)时存在沟形稳定性较差、畦沟两侧厢面质量较差而导致油菜直播作业速度无法提高的问题,该研究研制了一种主动型开畦沟并同步厢面匀土的类螺桨高速开畦沟装置.基于运动学和动力学分析确定了影响减阻性能的关键因素及参数范围,并依此设计和确定了类螺桨低阻开畦沟刀片及其刀组排列方式;为降低阻力和保证抛土效率,开展了基于刀盘-土壤离散元模型的刀片旋切特性仿真试验,结果表明:随螺距角增大,阻力扭矩先减小后增加,且后磨刃的切削阻力小于前磨刃;最佳螺距角、刀刃结构参数组合下类螺桨刀组在作业速度12km/h、刀盘转速810r/min时,阻力扭矩较直勺刀组减小176.6N·m,牵引阻力减小447.7N.基于动力学分析确定了影响匀土板匀土性能的因素及其参数范围,匀土仿真试验结果表明:左、右匀土板拱度为0.19,下倾角分别为10°、7°时匀土性较好.田间试验结果表明,在作业速度9～12km/h时,畦沟沟深169.1～188.6 mm,沟深稳定系数92.5％～95.6％、厢面平整度22.2～23.0 mm,两侧匀土变异系数分别为14.3％、17.2％,埋茬率81.96％～87.46％,碎土率93.26％～95.33％;作业速度12 km/h时的作业功耗为66.84 kW,满足油菜种植农艺要求.研究结果可为长江中下游稻油轮作区油菜高速免耕直播开畦沟及高质种床制备提供新方法. |
| Abstract_FL | Direct seeding has been one of the most efficient cultivation modes for a wide range of plants,such as rapeseed.Among them,the existing ditching device cannot fully meet the practical direct seeding in recent years,due to the low stability of the furrow shape and the seedbeds on both sides of the furrow.In this study,a propeller-type ditching device was designed to actively open the furrows at high speed(≥10 km/h)and simultaneously distribute the soil in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.A quasi-propeller ditching blade was then proposed,according to the working mode of propellers.The blade arrangement was determined using kinematic and dynamic analysis.The critical parameters(the pitch and edge structures)were also determined to reduce the cutting resistance.A simulation experiment of the blade cutting was carried out using the discrete element model of the blade cutter-soil system.The simulation results indicated that the cutting resistance first decreased and then increased with the increase of the pitch angle,whereas,the rear grinding edge reduced the soil cutting resistance.The quasi-propeller blade group with the optimal combination of pitch angle and edge structure achieved a resistance torque of 176.6 N·m and a traction resistance reduction of 447.7 N,compared with the straight spoon-blade group with a travel speed of 12 km/h and rotation speed of 810 r/min.The dynamic analysis was implemented to determine the curved structure parameters of the soil homogenizing plate.Furthermore,a soil-distributing simulation experiment was carried out using the ditching cutter-soil distributing plate-soil interaction model.The better performance of soil distributing was achieved,when the camber of the left and right distributing plates was 0.19 and the down-inclination angle was 10° and 7°,respectively.The field experiment indicated that the work quality of the overall device fully met the requirements of direct rapeseed seeding when operating at a high speed of 9-12 km/h.An optimal combination was achieved:the furrow depth was 169.1-188.6 mm,the furrow depth stability coefficient was 92.5％-95.6％,the flatness of the furrow surface was 22.2-23.0 mm,the coefficient of variation of soil distributing on both sides was 14.3％and 17.2％,and the stubble burying rate was 81.96％-87.46％,the operating power consumption at the operating speed of 12 km/h was 66.84 kW.This finding can provide a strong reference for the high-speed no-tillage,ditching,and high-quality seedbed preparation for rapeseed in the rice-oil rotation areas of the mid-lower Yangtze River. |
| Author | 李蒙良 廖庆喜 李晓冉 单伊尹 王立宗 廖宜涛 张青松 |
| AuthorAffiliation | 华中农业大学工学院,武汉 430070%华中农业大学工学院,武汉 430070;农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉 430070 |
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| Author_FL | LIAO Yitao SHAN Yiyin ZHANG Qingsong LIAO Qingxi LI Mengliang WANG Lizong LI Xiaoran |
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| DocumentTitle_FL | Drive-type ditching device of the high-speed no-tillage direct seeder for rapeseed |
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| Keywords | agricultural machinery 免耕 soil distributing device 试验 experiments high-speed 开畦沟 no-tillage 油菜 rapeseed 高速 ditching 匀土装置 农业机械 |
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| Publisher | 农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉 430070 华中农业大学工学院,武汉 430070%华中农业大学工学院,武汉 430070 |
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| Title | 油菜高速免耕直播机驱动型开畦沟装置设计与试验 |
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