从国家科技奖透析改革开放以来中国丝绸科技创新
F204; 本文依照国家科技奖的增设划分1979-1985年、1986-1999年、2000-2020年三个阶段,对丝绸获奖项目进行统计,并从蚕业和工业两方面分析其数量变化、地域分布、研发主体转移、获奖行业消长等情况,总结特征、规律和趋势,以期为未来丝绸科技创新提供历史借鉴.研究发现:第一,丝绸获奖数量总体下降但质量提升,与中国科技奖励制度改革趋势相符;第二,长三角地区丝绸获奖成果丰硕且蚕业和工业相辅相成,其他8个地区的获奖在蚕业和工业方面各有侧重;第三,蚕业获奖研发主体始终以科研院所为主导,工业获奖研发主体经历了从企业主导到高校主导的转变;第四,蚕业获奖内容从提高产量转变为提升品质,工业获奖...
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| Published in | 丝绸 Vol. 60; no. 12; pp. 1 - 10 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Chinese |
| Published |
东华大学人文学院,上海 200051
02.12.2023
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1001-7003 |
| DOI | 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7003.2023.12.001 |
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| Abstract | F204; 本文依照国家科技奖的增设划分1979-1985年、1986-1999年、2000-2020年三个阶段,对丝绸获奖项目进行统计,并从蚕业和工业两方面分析其数量变化、地域分布、研发主体转移、获奖行业消长等情况,总结特征、规律和趋势,以期为未来丝绸科技创新提供历史借鉴.研究发现:第一,丝绸获奖数量总体下降但质量提升,与中国科技奖励制度改革趋势相符;第二,长三角地区丝绸获奖成果丰硕且蚕业和工业相辅相成,其他8个地区的获奖在蚕业和工业方面各有侧重;第三,蚕业获奖研发主体始终以科研院所为主导,工业获奖研发主体经历了从企业主导到高校主导的转变;第四,蚕业获奖内容从提高产量转变为提升品质,工业获奖内容从提升生产规模与产品质量并重转变为以提升生产质量为主;第五,科研水平的提升和科研成果的积累给蚕业和工业打破行业壁垒实现产业链延伸奠定了基础,进而在基因工程和生物材料两个方向寻找新的突破. |
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| AbstractList | F204; 本文依照国家科技奖的增设划分1979-1985年、1986-1999年、2000-2020年三个阶段,对丝绸获奖项目进行统计,并从蚕业和工业两方面分析其数量变化、地域分布、研发主体转移、获奖行业消长等情况,总结特征、规律和趋势,以期为未来丝绸科技创新提供历史借鉴.研究发现:第一,丝绸获奖数量总体下降但质量提升,与中国科技奖励制度改革趋势相符;第二,长三角地区丝绸获奖成果丰硕且蚕业和工业相辅相成,其他8个地区的获奖在蚕业和工业方面各有侧重;第三,蚕业获奖研发主体始终以科研院所为主导,工业获奖研发主体经历了从企业主导到高校主导的转变;第四,蚕业获奖内容从提高产量转变为提升品质,工业获奖内容从提升生产规模与产品质量并重转变为以提升生产质量为主;第五,科研水平的提升和科研成果的积累给蚕业和工业打破行业壁垒实现产业链延伸奠定了基础,进而在基因工程和生物材料两个方向寻找新的突破. |
| Abstract_FL | China's silk industry has a long history and advanced technology,but it gradually declined in modern times.With the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949,silk production gradually increased,and until the reform and opening up in 1978,it achieved great development in science and technology.Science and technology awards provide material and spiritual rewards for scientific discoveries and technological inventions.The state science and technology awards are one type of science and technology awards.They are currently the highest awards for science and technology in China.They have officially resumed awards since the reform and opening up in 1978.Currently,there are five awards.The silk award in the state science and technology awards represents the highest level of China's silk technology and is also a witness to the development of silk technology since the reform and opening up.According to the statistics of this paper,the silk industry won 54 awards,with focus on the three awards of the State Natural Science Award,the State Technological Invention Award and the State Scientific and Technological Progress Award.In this paper,the issue of the state science and technology awards was divided into three time stages:1979-1985,1986-1999,and 2000-2020,and 54 silk award-winning achievements were divided into two parts:sericulture and industry.The quantitative change,regional distribution,transfer of research and development subjects,and the growth and decline of award-winning industries were analyzed,and the characteristics,laws and trends were further summarized to provide historical reference for future silk technology innovation.
Five conclusions were drawn.First,the number and proportion of the state science and technology awards for silk decreased but the quality increased,which was in line with the reform trend of China's science and technology award system.Second,the largest number of silk awards in the Yangtze River Delta region shows that its silk research was in a leading position in China and had the characteristics of complementary sericulture and industry.The award-winning projects in other eight regions with relatively advanced silk technology were either sericulture or industry.Third,based on the type of the first contributor with the largest contribution and a leading role for statistics,the award-winning research institutions regarding sericulture had always been dominated by scientific research institutes in the three stages,while the award-winning research institutions in the silk industry had experienced a transfer from enterprises to universities.This shows that the current scientific research capabilities of silk enterprises have not been fully utilized.In the future,silk enterprises should strengthen scientific research innovation and conduct more cooperation.Fourth,silkworm varieties received the most awards in sericulture,followed by silkworm diseases and silkworm medicines,mulberry trees,and comprehensive utilization of silk resources.The focus of scientific research changed from silkworm diseases and silkworm medicines to silkworm varieties in the three stages,and the main objective changed from increasing production to improving quality.The industry received the most awards for machinery and equipment,followed by dyeing and finishing,silk weaving,and silk reeling.The focus of scientific research changed from machinery and equipment to dyeing and finishing in the three stages,and the main objective changed from improving both production scale and product quality to mainly improving production quality.Fifth,the accumulation of scientific research results and the improvement of the level of science and technology provide the possibility for sericulture and industry to break barriers and realize the extension of the industrial chain.In the future,the silk industry may achieve subversive development in genetic engineering and biomaterials. |
| Author | 张宁卉 杨小明 |
| AuthorAffiliation | 东华大学人文学院,上海 200051 |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 东华大学人文学院,上海 200051 |
| Author_FL | YANG Xiaoming ZHANG Ninghui |
| Author_FL_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: ZHANG Ninghui – sequence: 2 fullname: YANG Xiaoming |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: 张宁卉 – sequence: 2 fullname: 杨小明 |
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| Keywords | silk scientific research unit sericulture regional distribution industry 研发主体 丝绸 蚕业 国家科技奖 technological innovation 科技创新 state science and technology awards 地域分布 工业 |
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