琯溪蜜柚地上部新生器官生物量和钙镁养分累积特征

S666.3; [目的]针对琯溪蜜柚[Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck'Guanximiyou']生产中钙(Ca)和镁(Mg)养分严重缺乏的现状,通过解析树体周年地上部新生器官生长发育动态,定量分析其不同生育期Ca和Mg的累积特性,为钙镁养分优化管理、助力蜜柚提质增效生产提供理论依据.[方法]于2019-2020年,在琯溪蜜柚原产地福建省平和县,选取10年生盛果期红肉蜜柚树为试验材料,分别在春梢萌发期、开花期、幼果期、果实膨大期和果实成熟期进行周年5次地上部新生器官样品采集,并测定其叶片(挂果叶和未挂果叶)、枝条(挂果枝和未挂果枝)、果实(果肉和果皮)和落花...

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Published in果树学报 Vol. 41; no. 1; pp. 101 - 112
Main Authors 陶晶霞, 王玉雯, 李晓娜, 张利军, 张建翔, 张华, 廖文强, 姜玉英, 吴良泉, 李延, 郭九信
Format Journal Article
LanguageChinese
Published 广西大学农学院,南宁 530004%福建省农田建设与土壤肥料技术总站,福州 350003 2024
福建农林大学资源与环境学院·福建省土壤环境健康与调控重点实验室·国际镁营养研究所,福州 350002%福建省林业科技试验中心,福建漳州 363600%福建农林大学资源与环境学院·福建省土壤环境健康与调控重点实验室·国际镁营养研究所,福州 350002
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ISSN1009-9980
DOI10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20230296

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Abstract S666.3; [目的]针对琯溪蜜柚[Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck'Guanximiyou']生产中钙(Ca)和镁(Mg)养分严重缺乏的现状,通过解析树体周年地上部新生器官生长发育动态,定量分析其不同生育期Ca和Mg的累积特性,为钙镁养分优化管理、助力蜜柚提质增效生产提供理论依据.[方法]于2019-2020年,在琯溪蜜柚原产地福建省平和县,选取10年生盛果期红肉蜜柚树为试验材料,分别在春梢萌发期、开花期、幼果期、果实膨大期和果实成熟期进行周年5次地上部新生器官样品采集,并测定其叶片(挂果叶和未挂果叶)、枝条(挂果枝和未挂果枝)、果实(果肉和果皮)和落花落果的生物量及其Ca、Mg养分吸收的动态特性.[结果]蜜柚地上部新生器官生物量随生育进程逐渐增加,2019和2020年成熟期蜜柚地上部新生器官生物量平均为17.12 kg·株-1,其叶片、枝条和果实分别占24.14%、3.89%和71.97%,并以未挂果叶(23.19%)、未挂果枝(3.56%)和果肉(44.54%)部分为主,而开花期落花落果生物量为0.57 kg·株-1.除果肉Ca含量(w,后同)逐渐下降和未挂果枝Mg含量逐渐增加外,蜜柚各新生器官的Ca含量均随生育进程呈上升趋势,而Mg含量则整体呈现出下降变化,成熟期各器官Ca和Mg含量整体上呈现出未挂果枝>未挂果叶>挂果枝>挂果叶>果皮>果肉.同时,除成熟期叶片Mg累积量有所降低外,蜜柚地上部各新生器官Ca和Mg累积量均随生育进程逐渐增加,其中,叶片和枝条中的Ca和Mg累积分配量逐渐下降而果实中逐渐增加,且主要分配在未挂果叶和果皮中.2019和2020年成熟期蜜柚地上部新生器官Ca和Mg累积量平均分别为223.58和25.34 g·株-1,其叶片、枝条和果实Ca累积量分别占63.10%、11.03%和25.87%,而Mg累积量则分别占42.75%、7.92%和49.33%.表观养分平衡估算指出,以750 株·hm-2计,盛果期蜜柚周年地上部新生器官需要吸收Ca 169.18 kg·hm-2和Mg 19.78 kg·hm-2,而落花落果的养分损失或归还为Ca 1.50 kg·hm-2和Mg 0.77 kg·hm-2.[结论]定量了盛果期琯溪蜜柚地上部新生器官的生物量以及Ca和Mg养分的含量、累积与分配特性,并估算了Ca和Mg养分的表观平衡,结果可为琯溪蜜柚养分优化管理提供理论依据.因此,平和
AbstractList S666.3; [目的]针对琯溪蜜柚[Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck'Guanximiyou']生产中钙(Ca)和镁(Mg)养分严重缺乏的现状,通过解析树体周年地上部新生器官生长发育动态,定量分析其不同生育期Ca和Mg的累积特性,为钙镁养分优化管理、助力蜜柚提质增效生产提供理论依据.[方法]于2019-2020年,在琯溪蜜柚原产地福建省平和县,选取10年生盛果期红肉蜜柚树为试验材料,分别在春梢萌发期、开花期、幼果期、果实膨大期和果实成熟期进行周年5次地上部新生器官样品采集,并测定其叶片(挂果叶和未挂果叶)、枝条(挂果枝和未挂果枝)、果实(果肉和果皮)和落花落果的生物量及其Ca、Mg养分吸收的动态特性.[结果]蜜柚地上部新生器官生物量随生育进程逐渐增加,2019和2020年成熟期蜜柚地上部新生器官生物量平均为17.12 kg·株-1,其叶片、枝条和果实分别占24.14%、3.89%和71.97%,并以未挂果叶(23.19%)、未挂果枝(3.56%)和果肉(44.54%)部分为主,而开花期落花落果生物量为0.57 kg·株-1.除果肉Ca含量(w,后同)逐渐下降和未挂果枝Mg含量逐渐增加外,蜜柚各新生器官的Ca含量均随生育进程呈上升趋势,而Mg含量则整体呈现出下降变化,成熟期各器官Ca和Mg含量整体上呈现出未挂果枝>未挂果叶>挂果枝>挂果叶>果皮>果肉.同时,除成熟期叶片Mg累积量有所降低外,蜜柚地上部各新生器官Ca和Mg累积量均随生育进程逐渐增加,其中,叶片和枝条中的Ca和Mg累积分配量逐渐下降而果实中逐渐增加,且主要分配在未挂果叶和果皮中.2019和2020年成熟期蜜柚地上部新生器官Ca和Mg累积量平均分别为223.58和25.34 g·株-1,其叶片、枝条和果实Ca累积量分别占63.10%、11.03%和25.87%,而Mg累积量则分别占42.75%、7.92%和49.33%.表观养分平衡估算指出,以750 株·hm-2计,盛果期蜜柚周年地上部新生器官需要吸收Ca 169.18 kg·hm-2和Mg 19.78 kg·hm-2,而落花落果的养分损失或归还为Ca 1.50 kg·hm-2和Mg 0.77 kg·hm-2.[结论]定量了盛果期琯溪蜜柚地上部新生器官的生物量以及Ca和Mg养分的含量、累积与分配特性,并估算了Ca和Mg养分的表观平衡,结果可为琯溪蜜柚养分优化管理提供理论依据.因此,平和
Abstract_FL [Objective]Guanximiyou pomelo(Citrus grandis)is a famous and popular Citrus species native to Pinghe County,Fujian Province,China.As an essential geographical product,it has a cultiva-tion history of more than 500 years.With the rapid development of the pomelo industry,farmers apply largely and unreasonably nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)fertilizers for pursuit of high economic benefits,resulting in unbalance tree nutrients and poor soil quality in pomelo orchards.Also,calcium(Ca)and magnesium(Mg)are important mineral elements and have multiple physiological functions for the plant growth,yield formation and fruit quality of pomelo trees.However,less attention has been paid upon them and therefore deficiency of the two elements is common in pomelo orchards.To solve the problem Ca and Mg deficiency in Guanximiyou pomelo production,the present study in-vestigated the dynamic changes in growth and development of the aboveground newborn organs and re-vealed the characteristics of Ca and Mg requirements in different growth periods of pomelo tree.The re-sults will help to improve the quality and production efficiency of pomelo.[Methods]In 2019 and 2020,a field experiment was conducted in Pinghe County of Fujian province.Ten-year-old red flesh pomelo trees were selected as the materials,and the samples of the aboveground new organs were col-lected 5 times,including the spring shoot germination stage(SSGS),flowering stage(FS),young fruit stage(YFS),fruit expanding stage(FES),and fruit maturity stage(FMS),and their biomass and Ca and Mg uptake in leaves from shoots with(L+F)or without fruit(L-F),branch with(B+F)or without fruit(B-F),fruit(including pulp and peel),and fallen flowers and fruit(FFF)were measured.[Results]The biomass of aboveground newborn organs of the pomelo tree increased gradually with the growth pro-cess.In 2019 and 2020,the mean apparent biomass was 17.12 kg·plant-1 at the harvest,and the biomass of leaf,branch,and fruit accounted for 24.14%,3.89%,and 71.97%,respectively.The biomass was mainly distributed in L-F(23.19%),B-F(3.56%),and pulp(44.54%)organs,and the biomass of fallen flowers and fruit reached 0.57 kg·plant-1.At harvest across 2019 and 2020,the mean Ca concentration in L+F,L-F,B+F,B-F,pulp and peel were 29.63,34.33,30.32,37.69,2.08 and 8.80 g·kg-1,respective-ly,and the Ca concentration in FFF was 3.50 g·kg-1.The mean Mg concentration in L+F,L-F,B+F,B-F,pulp and peel was 2.43,2.65,1.60,3.17,0.91 and 1.19 g·kg-1,respectively,and the Mg concentration in FFF was 1.81 g·kg-1.In general,except for the Ca concentration in the pulp that decreased and Mg con-centration in B-F that increased,the Ca concentration in each organ showed a gradually increase with time,and the Mg concentration decreased gradually.Ca and Mg concentration at harvest showed a trend of B-F>L-F>B+F>L+F>peel>pulp.Also,except for the Mg accumulation in leaf that de-creased at harvest stage,the accumulation of Ca and Mg in all organs increased gradually with the growth process,and the percentage of Ca and Mg in leaf and branch organs decreased but increased in fruit.They were mainly distributed in the peel and L-F.As a whole,the mean apparent accumulation of Ca and Mg were 223.58 and 25.34 g·plant-1 at harvest in 2019 and 2020,respectively.Ca accumulation in leaf,branch,and fruit accounted for 63.10%,11.03%,and 25.87%,respectively,and Mg accumula-tion accounted for 42.75%,7.92%,and 49.33%,respectively.At a planting density of 750 plant·hm-2,the annual aboveground newborn organs of full bearing Guanximiyou pomelo trees required Ca 169.18 kg·hm-2 and Mg 19.78 kg·hm-2.However,the nutrient loss or return of Ca and Mg from the fall-en flowers and fruit reached 1.50 kg·hm-2 and 0.77 kg·hm-2,respectively.[Conclusion]This study sys-tematically quantified the characteristics of biomass and Ca and Mg nutrients in the aboveground new-born organs,and calculated the apparent Ca and Mg requirement in full bearing pomelo trees.These re-sults suggested that Ca and Mg nutrients should be supplied timely and application of Ca and Mg con-taining fertilizers should be improved for Guanximiyou pomelo production in Pinghe County.
Author 王玉雯
吴良泉
李延
张华
李晓娜
郭九信
廖文强
张建翔
姜玉英
张利军
陶晶霞
AuthorAffiliation 福建农林大学资源与环境学院·福建省土壤环境健康与调控重点实验室·国际镁营养研究所,福州 350002%福建省林业科技试验中心,福建漳州 363600%福建农林大学资源与环境学院·福建省土壤环境健康与调控重点实验室·国际镁营养研究所,福州 350002;广西大学农学院,南宁 530004%福建省农田建设与土壤肥料技术总站,福州 350003
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 福建农林大学资源与环境学院·福建省土壤环境健康与调控重点实验室·国际镁营养研究所,福州 350002%福建省林业科技试验中心,福建漳州 363600%福建农林大学资源与环境学院·福建省土壤环境健康与调控重点实验室·国际镁营养研究所,福州 350002;广西大学农学院,南宁 530004%福建省农田建设与土壤肥料技术总站,福州 350003
Author_FL ZHANG Lijun
WANG Yuwen
TAO Jingxia
LIAO Wenqiang
GUO Jiuxin
WU Liangquan
LI Yan
JIANG Yuying
ZHANG Hua
LI Xiaona
ZHANG Jianxiang
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DocumentTitle_FL Accumulation dynamics of biomass,Ca and Mg nutrient in the aboveg-round newborn organs of Guanximiyou pomelo tree
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Keywords 生物量
地上部新生器官
钙镁养分
Guanximiyou pomelo
Calcium and magnesium nutrients
琯溪蜜柚
表观养分平衡
Biomass
Aboveground newborn organ
Apparent nutrient balance
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PublicationTitle 果树学报
PublicationTitle_FL Journal of Fruit Science
PublicationYear 2024
Publisher 广西大学农学院,南宁 530004%福建省农田建设与土壤肥料技术总站,福州 350003
福建农林大学资源与环境学院·福建省土壤环境健康与调控重点实验室·国际镁营养研究所,福州 350002%福建省林业科技试验中心,福建漳州 363600%福建农林大学资源与环境学院·福建省土壤环境健康与调控重点实验室·国际镁营养研究所,福州 350002
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