Drug combinations targeting FAK and MEK overcomes tumour heterogeneity in glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumour with limited treatment options and poor prognosis, largely due to its heterogeneity and the involvement of multiple intracellular signalling pathways that contribute to drug resistance. Standard therapies have not significantly improved patient outcom...

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Published inbioRxiv
Main Authors Furqan, Muhammad, Elliott, Richard Jr, Nagle, Peter, Dawson, John C, Malalmeh, Roza, Virginia Alvarez Garcia, Munro, Alison F, Drake, Camilla, Morrison, Gillian M, Pollard, Steven M, Ebner, Daniel, Brunton, Valerie G, Frame, Margaret C, Carragher, Neil O
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Published Cold Spring Harbor Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 01.12.2024
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Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumour with limited treatment options and poor prognosis, largely due to its heterogeneity and the involvement of multiple intracellular signalling pathways that contribute to drug resistance. Standard therapies have not significantly improved patient outcomes over the past two decades. While recent advancements in targeted drug combination therapies, such as dabrafenib and trametinib, show promise for certain GBM subgroups, identifying drug combinations effective across the broader GBM population remains a challenge. Integrin-mediated signalling, particularly through Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), plays a pivotal role in GBM pathogenesis and invasion, making it a potential therapeutic target [1]. In our study, we utilized a chemogenomic screening approach to identify synergistic drug combinations that target FAK in glioblastoma. We initially employed a CRISPR-engineered GBM model to assess the effects of FAK depletion and discovered that combining FAK inhibitors with MEK inhibitors, particularly trametinib, demonstrated synergistic effects. This potent combination was validated through various 2D & 3D assays, including cell viability/apoptotic assessment, synergistic analysis, cellular imaging, and target engagement assays. The combination also effectively inhibited spheroid growth and invasion across a diverse panel of patient derived GBM stem cells. Molecular mechanisms underlying these effects included suppression of multiple kinase signalling pathways and enhanced apoptosis, elucidated using Reverse Phase Protein Array (RPPA) profiling and western blot validation. In vivo, the combination therapy significantly reduced tumour volume in orthotopic transplantation models. These findings suggest that combining FAK and MEK inhibitors represent a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome the challenges of GBM treatment.Competing Interest StatementN.O.C discloses the following patents: Combination of a MEK inhibitor and the Src kinase inhibitor AZD0530 for use in the treatment of cancer. Patent No. PCT/GB2007004927. EP3298015B1, JP6684831B2, US10294227B2, CN107849050B, and CA3021550A1 pertaining to the discovery of the Src Family Kinase inhibitor eCF506/NXP900 that have been licensed to Nuvectis Pharma Inc. N.O.C hold grants from Nuvectis Pharma to study eCF06/NXP900 outside of the submitted work. M.C.F and N.O.C are shareholders and have acted as advisors of Amplia Therapeutics Ltd.
AbstractList Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumour with limited treatment options and poor prognosis, largely due to its heterogeneity and the involvement of multiple intracellular signalling pathways that contribute to drug resistance. Standard therapies have not significantly improved patient outcomes over the past two decades. While recent advancements in targeted drug combination therapies, such as dabrafenib and trametinib, show promise for certain GBM subgroups, identifying drug combinations effective across the broader GBM population remains a challenge. Integrin-mediated signalling, particularly through Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), plays a pivotal role in GBM pathogenesis and invasion, making it a potential therapeutic target [1]. In our study, we utilized a chemogenomic screening approach to identify synergistic drug combinations that target FAK in glioblastoma. We initially employed a CRISPR-engineered GBM model to assess the effects of FAK depletion and discovered that combining FAK inhibitors with MEK inhibitors, particularly trametinib, demonstrated synergistic effects. This potent combination was validated through various 2D & 3D assays, including cell viability/apoptotic assessment, synergistic analysis, cellular imaging, and target engagement assays. The combination also effectively inhibited spheroid growth and invasion across a diverse panel of patient derived GBM stem cells. Molecular mechanisms underlying these effects included suppression of multiple kinase signalling pathways and enhanced apoptosis, elucidated using Reverse Phase Protein Array (RPPA) profiling and western blot validation. In vivo, the combination therapy significantly reduced tumour volume in orthotopic transplantation models. These findings suggest that combining FAK and MEK inhibitors represent a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome the challenges of GBM treatment.Competing Interest StatementN.O.C discloses the following patents: Combination of a MEK inhibitor and the Src kinase inhibitor AZD0530 for use in the treatment of cancer. Patent No. PCT/GB2007004927. EP3298015B1, JP6684831B2, US10294227B2, CN107849050B, and CA3021550A1 pertaining to the discovery of the Src Family Kinase inhibitor eCF506/NXP900 that have been licensed to Nuvectis Pharma Inc. N.O.C hold grants from Nuvectis Pharma to study eCF06/NXP900 outside of the submitted work. M.C.F and N.O.C are shareholders and have acted as advisors of Amplia Therapeutics Ltd.
Author Virginia Alvarez Garcia
Drake, Camilla
Nagle, Peter
Pollard, Steven M
Brunton, Valerie G
Furqan, Muhammad
Ebner, Daniel
Carragher, Neil O
Munro, Alison F
Morrison, Gillian M
Elliott, Richard Jr
Malalmeh, Roza
Dawson, John C
Frame, Margaret C
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Snippet Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumour with limited treatment options and poor prognosis, largely due to its heterogeneity and the involvement of...
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SubjectTerms Apoptosis
Brain tumors
Cell viability
CRISPR
Drug resistance
Enzyme inhibitors
Focal adhesion kinase
Glioblastoma
Glioma
Intracellular signalling
Kinases
MEK inhibitors
Molecular modelling
Neuroimaging
Protein arrays
Signal transduction
Src protein
Therapeutic targets
Title Drug combinations targeting FAK and MEK overcomes tumour heterogeneity in glioblastoma
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