不同灌水处理对春玉米土壤水分、耗水特征及产量的影响

【目的】探究不同灌水定额对春玉米全生育期耗水特征及产量的影响,优化克拉玛依地区春玉米节水灌溉制度,以提高当地水分利用效率。【方法】于2021年5—9月在克拉玛依农业综合开发区开展春玉米田间试验,设置6个灌水处理W1(225 m3/hm2)、W2(300 m3/hm2)、W3(375 m3/hm2)、W4(450 m3/hm2)、W5(525 m3/hm2)、W6(600 m3/hm2),探究不同灌水定额对春玉米耗水特征及产量的影响。【结果】①各生育期不同灌水处理0~100 cm土层土壤含水率随土层深度增加呈“增-减-增”的变化趋势。W5处理在喇叭口期、抽雄散粉期、乳熟期、完熟期较W1、W2、W...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inGuanʻgai paishui xuebao Vol. 43; no. 5; pp. 1 - 15
Main Authors ZHAO, Jinghua, YUAN Ruxin, WANG Jinmao, MENG Xinmei, YANG Tingrui
Format Journal Article
LanguageChinese
English
Published Xinxiang City Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) Farmland Irrigation Research Institute Editorial Office of Journal of Irrigation and Drainage 01.01.2024
新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052%新疆兵团勘测设计院集团股份有限公司,乌鲁木齐 830000%和布克赛尔县水利局,新疆 塔城 834499%新疆农业大学 水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
新疆农业大学 水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1672-3317
DOI10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2023501

Cover

Abstract 【目的】探究不同灌水定额对春玉米全生育期耗水特征及产量的影响,优化克拉玛依地区春玉米节水灌溉制度,以提高当地水分利用效率。【方法】于2021年5—9月在克拉玛依农业综合开发区开展春玉米田间试验,设置6个灌水处理W1(225 m3/hm2)、W2(300 m3/hm2)、W3(375 m3/hm2)、W4(450 m3/hm2)、W5(525 m3/hm2)、W6(600 m3/hm2),探究不同灌水定额对春玉米耗水特征及产量的影响。【结果】①各生育期不同灌水处理0~100 cm土层土壤含水率随土层深度增加呈“增-减-增”的变化趋势。W5处理在喇叭口期、抽雄散粉期、乳熟期、完熟期较W1、W2、W3、W4、W6处理0~100 cm土层土壤贮水量平均增加了2.35%~9.11%、0.21%~4.37%、0.39%~1.79%、0.60%~4.48%。②完熟期W5处理百粒质量显著高于W1处理和W2处理,但与W3、W4、W6处理无显著性差异。W5处理穗粒数较其他处理显著提高10.49%~36.01%,穗长较其他处理显著提高8.31%~27.12%。③综合评判模型计算得出W5处理(525 m3/hm2)综合评价指数最高。【结论】因此,全生育期灌水10次,灌水定额为525 m3/hm2是克拉玛依地区最优灌水处理。
AbstractList 【目的】探究不同灌水定额对春玉米全生育期耗水特征及产量的影响,优化克拉玛依地区春玉米节水灌溉制度,以提高当地水分利用效率。【方法】于2021年5—9月在克拉玛依农业综合开发区开展春玉米田间试验,设置6个灌水处理W1(225 m3/hm2)、W2(300 m3/hm2)、W3(375 m3/hm2)、W4(450 m3/hm2)、W5(525 m3/hm2)、W6(600 m3/hm2),探究不同灌水定额对春玉米耗水特征及产量的影响。【结果】①各生育期不同灌水处理0~100 cm土层土壤含水率随土层深度增加呈“增-减-增”的变化趋势。W5处理在喇叭口期、抽雄散粉期、乳熟期、完熟期较W1、W2、W3、W4、W6处理0~100 cm土层土壤贮水量平均增加了2.35%~9.11%、0.21%~4.37%、0.39%~1.79%、0.60%~4.48%。②完熟期W5处理百粒质量显著高于W1处理和W2处理,但与W3、W4、W6处理无显著性差异。W5处理穗粒数较其他处理显著提高10.49%~36.01%,穗长较其他处理显著提高8.31%~27.12%。③综合评判模型计算得出W5处理(525 m3/hm2)综合评价指数最高。【结论】因此,全生育期灌水10次,灌水定额为525 m3/hm2是克拉玛依地区最优灌水处理。
S274.1; [目的]探究不同灌水定额对春玉米全生育期耗水特征及产量的影响,优化克拉玛依地区春玉米节水灌溉制度,以提高当地水分利用效率.[方法]于 2021 年 5-9 月在克拉玛依农业综合开发区开展春玉米田间试验,设置6个灌水处理W1(225 m3/hm2)、W2(300 m3/hm2)、W3(375 m3/hm2)、W4(450 m3/hm2)、W5(525 m3/hm2)、W6(600 m3/hm2),探究不同灌水定额对春玉米耗水特征及产量的影响.[结果]①各生育期不同灌水处理 0~100 cm 土层土壤含水率随土层深度增加呈"增-减-增"的变化趋势.W5 处理在喇叭口期、抽雄散粉期、乳熟期、完熟期较 W1、W2、W3、W4、W6 处理 0~100 cm 土层土壤贮水量平均增加了 2.35%~9.11%、0.21%~4.37%、0.39%~1.79%、0.60%~4.48%.②完熟期W5处理百粒质量显著高于W1处理和W2处理,但与W3、W4、W6处理无显著性差异.W5 处理穗粒数较其他处理显著提高 10.49%~36.01%,穗长较其他处理显著提高 8.31%~27.12%.③综合评判模型计算得出 W5处理(525 m3/hm2)综合评价指数最高.[结论]因此,全生育期灌水 10次,灌水定额为 525 m3/hm2是克拉玛依地区最优灌水处理.
Abstract_FL [Objective]The production of spring maize in Northwestern China relies on irrigation.The purpose of this paper is to investigate experimentally the impact of irrigation amount on the yield,water consumption of the maize,as well as soil water dynamics.[Method]The field experiment was conducted from may to september 2021 at the Karamay Agricultural Comprehensive Development Zone.It comprised six treatments by irrigating the maize at:225 m3/hm2(W1),300 m3/hm2(W2),375 m3/hm2(W3),450 m3/hm2(W4),525 m3/hm2(W5),and 600 m3/hm2(W6).In each treatment,we measured the spatiotemporal change in soil water,as well as ultimate yield and water consumption of the crop.[Result]① Regardless of irrigation amounts,soil water content increased with soil depth first and then declined,followed by another increase in the soil depth from 0 to 100 cm.Compared with the other five treatments,W5 increased soil water storage in the 0-100 cm of soil by 2.35%-9.11%,0.21%-4.37%,0.39%-1.79%,0.60%-4.48%at trumpet stage,tasseling stage,milk stage,and full maturity stage,respectively.② At maturity stage,the 100-grain weight in W5 was significantly higher than that in W1 and W2,but was comparable to that in W3,W4 and W6.W5 also increased the grain number per spike by 10.49%-36.01%and the spike length by 8.31%-27.12%,compared with the other five treatments.③ The results obtained from of the analysis of the comprehensive evaluation model showed the comprehensive evaluation index of W5 was 525 m3/hm2,the highest among all treatments.[Conclusion]Irrigating10 times,with the total irrigation amount being 525 m3/hm2 during the whole growing season is optimal for spring maize production in the Karamay region in Northwestern China.
Author YANG Tingrui
YUAN Ruxin
WANG Jinmao
MENG Xinmei
ZHAO, Jinghua
AuthorAffiliation 新疆农业大学 水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830052;新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052%新疆兵团勘测设计院集团股份有限公司,乌鲁木齐 830000%和布克赛尔县水利局,新疆 塔城 834499%新疆农业大学 水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 新疆农业大学 水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830052;新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052%新疆兵团勘测设计院集团股份有限公司,乌鲁木齐 830000%和布克赛尔县水利局,新疆 塔城 834499%新疆农业大学 水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
Author_FL ZHAO Jinghua
YANG Tingrui
YUAN Ruxin
WANG Jinmao
MENG Xinmei
Author_FL_xml – sequence: 1
  fullname: ZHAO Jinghua
– sequence: 2
  fullname: YUAN Ruxin
– sequence: 3
  fullname: WANG Jinmao
– sequence: 4
  fullname: MENG Xinmei
– sequence: 5
  fullname: YANG Tingrui
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Jinghua
  surname: ZHAO
  fullname: ZHAO, Jinghua
– sequence: 2
  fullname: YUAN Ruxin
– sequence: 3
  fullname: WANG Jinmao
– sequence: 4
  fullname: MENG Xinmei
– sequence: 5
  fullname: YANG Tingrui
BookMark eNpFj09LAkEYxudgkJnfoFt03G1m3p3d8RjSPxK6eJfZnV3JYtfcpKsLYimaQocigg4ZHUvqkEF9mRy3vkUrBp2eF54f78NvCaX8wHcRWiFYJ8AoXa_ojn94oJfL1VCnmALDJIXSxLSoBkCsRZQNwwrGmDJssRyk0d7kracG3TjqTp9f1bAZD1rqaTy9fogv2vHoRd3eqfvhrDpvfTWi78ZVcsftsfqMVL8zeX_8OevHN031MVKXvWW04Imj0M3-ZQYVtzaL-R2tsL-9m98oaFXGqeaZNoDJDSFskNiSjuFyJ8cpJjazBKcOSEltmQMJzACTUGIx0zOEdITpeQRDBq3N354K3xN-uVQJ6jU_GSzNtBNrA7PEMOFW51y1FhzX3fDkHwScDBJGOIdfrLh3Mw
ClassificationCodes S274.1
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2024. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright © Wanfang Data Co. Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright_xml – notice: 2024. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: Copyright © Wanfang Data Co. Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
DBID 3V.
7X2
7XB
8FE
8FH
8FK
AFKRA
ATCPS
AZQEC
BENPR
BHPHI
CCPQU
DWQXO
GNUQQ
GUQSH
HCIFZ
M0K
M2O
MBDVC
PHGZM
PHGZT
PKEHL
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
Q9U
2B.
4A8
92I
93N
PSX
TCJ
DOI 10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2023501
DatabaseName ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Agricultural Science Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest One
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest Research Library
SciTech Premium Collection
Agricultural Science Database
Research Library
Research Library (Corporate)
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central Basic
Wanfang Data Journals - Hong Kong
WANFANG Data Centre
Wanfang Data Journals
万方数据期刊 - 香港版
China Online Journals (COJ)
China Online Journals (COJ)
DatabaseTitle Agricultural Science Database
Research Library Prep
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Basic
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
Agricultural Science Collection
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection
ProQuest Research Library
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
DatabaseTitleList Agricultural Science Database

Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
DocumentTitle_FL Effects of irrigation amount on soil water,water consumption and yield of spring maize in Northwestern China
EndPage 15
ExternalDocumentID ggps202405002
GeographicLocations China
GeographicLocations_xml – name: China
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: (新疆维吾尔自治区十四五重大专项项目); (国家自然科学基金); (新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防止重点实验室项目)
  funderid: (新疆维吾尔自治区十四五重大专项项目); (国家自然科学基金); (新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防止重点实验室项目)
GroupedDBID 3V.
5XA
5XE
7X2
7XB
8FE
8FH
8FK
ABJNI
ACGFS
AFKRA
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ATCPS
AZQEC
BENPR
BHPHI
CCPQU
CW9
DWQXO
GNUQQ
GROUPED_DOAJ
GUQSH
HCIFZ
M0K
M2O
MBDVC
PHGZM
PHGZT
PKEHL
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
Q9U
TGD
U1G
U5N
2B.
4A8
92G
92I
93N
PSX
TCJ
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-p582-f6b33684aab3d07dc4e8c98201b57a82c3dd2bd93d35436121756f4adca6ff103
IEDL.DBID BENPR
ISSN 1672-3317
IngestDate Thu May 29 03:56:07 EDT 2025
Sat Aug 23 12:59:54 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed false
IsScholarly true
Issue 5
Keywords 产量
春玉米
yield
irrigation water quota optimization
soil water content
土壤含水率
耗水特征
灌水定额优化
characteristics of water expend
spring corn
Language Chinese
English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-p582-f6b33684aab3d07dc4e8c98201b57a82c3dd2bd93d35436121756f4adca6ff103
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
PQID 3098215188
PQPubID 6843760
PageCount 15
ParticipantIDs wanfang_journals_ggps202405002
proquest_journals_3098215188
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20240101
2024
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2024-01-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 01
  year: 2024
  text: 20240101
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Xinxiang City
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Xinxiang City
PublicationTitle Guanʻgai paishui xuebao
PublicationTitle_FL Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
PublicationYear 2024
Publisher Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) Farmland Irrigation Research Institute Editorial Office of Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052%新疆兵团勘测设计院集团股份有限公司,乌鲁木齐 830000%和布克赛尔县水利局,新疆 塔城 834499%新疆农业大学 水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
新疆农业大学 水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
Publisher_xml – name: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) Farmland Irrigation Research Institute Editorial Office of Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
– name: 新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052%新疆兵团勘测设计院集团股份有限公司,乌鲁木齐 830000%和布克赛尔县水利局,新疆 塔城 834499%新疆农业大学 水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
– name: 新疆农业大学 水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
SSID ssj0002507593
ssib002264380
ssib001101356
ssib051374040
ssib046786310
ssib006567438
Score 2.3397403
Snippet 【目的】探究不同灌水定额对春玉米全生育期耗水特征及产量的影响,优化克拉玛依地区春玉米节水灌溉制度,以提高当地水分利用效率。【方法】于2021年5—9月在克拉玛依农业综合开发区开展春玉米田间试验,设置6个灌水处理W1(225 m3/hm2)、W2(300 m3/hm2)、W3(375 m3/hm2)、W4(450...
S274.1; [目的]探究不同灌水定额对春玉米全生育期耗水特征及产量的影响,优化克拉玛依地区春玉米节水灌溉制度,以提高当地水分利用效率.[方法]于 2021 年 5-9 月在克拉玛依农业综合开发区开展春玉米田间试验,设置6个灌水处理W1(225 m3/hm2)、W2(300 m3/hm2)、W3(375...
SourceID wanfang
proquest
SourceType Aggregation Database
StartPage 1
SubjectTerms Corn
Crop production
Crop yield
Grain
Growing season
Irrigation
Irrigation effects
Irrigation water
Moisture content
Soil depth
Soil dynamics
Soil investigations
Soil water
Soil water storage
Spring
Water consumption
Water content
Water depth
Water storage
Title 不同灌水处理对春玉米土壤水分、耗水特征及产量的影响
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/3098215188
https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/ggps202405002
Volume 43
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1JSwMxFA4uCF5EUbEuxYPXqTOTWTInUWkRRRFR8CaZJFNUmNYNrxbEjVYFD4oIHlQ8atGDCvpnNB39FyZtavXiLZDk8t7jfV9e3gLAANR9xgQSa8jysGZh4mjI94nMMjeQF2Cilyu8J6ecsTlrfN6eVwG3NZVWWfWJZUdNM0TGyAeh7iEJTwgNZVc0OTVK_q6qERr1oFG4YCTsvHEkOTU98xNlEQDvVjrvGo5ralCgpaqfk8RjcClBwuXFRDqdlZ27TfnJ9odpNm3iMMBh-hfkpFpBi-KK_cMV5baBOha2g4mPpwI_zke5fOn-kV9vR8c7_O65dHYTHe5HxQd-ccmvruXW3s77Vu5z61Sso_1n_pbjRwcfL7dfu0fR-TZ_LfKTQgeYTSVnR8c0NRFBy9qCCQeOD6GDLIx9SHWXEosh4kkM920XI5NASk2fepBC24KyN5hrO4GFKcFOEBg67AQNYSZkXbJUG1Em0B0L-mbhQPdMTBjSmSucn2MEJAZ6q2JYUFa9tlDTQQzElWhqu1KKpmyZZgu5d_9_vwc0y6OVWEYvaFhf3WB9At3X_bhSYbz8Ov4GkkG-AA
linkProvider ProQuest
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwY2BQMTZISk0F1sS6FiaWibomiclmuhZJScmgVeaGFpZpickG4B3evn5mHqEmXhGmEUwMa2F7YUDLKmFlIrigTslPBo2R6xsbWFqAqicLC_uCQl3QrVGg2VXYFRqQZOGdWlkO7LIV23q6AONX1cjIzTXE2UMXequAboEpsDWZZpZkbGxmYZKYmGScYmCekmySapFsCaoHk0zNEy2Mko1TUoySUiyNU4xNTYxB52uZm5qlmSSmJCeapaUZGhgDjWVmYDUBbWhlYWB1cvULCIIP6gDbE-aQg34NzcyNdI2BlTN0ux6onaOfpZecl52pl55eADoo3Ag0p4fSsGUvT8xLS8xLR6rh3AQZ-KFNUwVHSFoSYmBKzRNh8H6yo_fphJ7njT3PNmx5uqTl-YS2p-t3Ppux9Hlf5_ONm5_Omf908RKQVEfb44bGFw3TgeznnTuf7mt82t_1ZNfyl-39z2e1PN278enkXlGGEFoElRgDS15-XqoEaGe4RUoqsDGRCGwtmiSmGVgaJSanWhikmgPLWjPDtGRJBhlYMMRDM1FxPCLKJRnkoEGDkAWFohHohDZTYLhL4dcvz8DpEeLrE-_j6ectzcAF0gYZRpFhYCkpKk2VBTYsSpLkoNGpwBBP4wQEAJHy-Tg
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C%E7%81%8C%E6%B0%B4%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%AF%B9%E6%98%A5%E7%8E%89%E7%B1%B3%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%86%E3%80%81%E8%80%97%E6%B0%B4%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%81%E5%8F%8A%E4%BA%A7%E9%87%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D&rft.jtitle=%E7%81%8C%E6%BA%89%E6%8E%92%E6%B0%B4%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5&rft.au=%E8%B5%B5%E7%BB%8F%E5%8D%8E&rft.au=%E8%A2%81%E5%A6%82%E8%8A%AF&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E9%87%91%E8%8C%82&rft.au=%E5%AD%9F%E6%96%B0%E6%A2%85&rft.date=2024&rft.pub=%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E4%B8%8E%E6%B0%B4%E7%81%BE%E5%AE%B3%E9%98%B2%E6%B2%BB%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4%2C%E4%B9%8C%E9%B2%81%E6%9C%A8%E9%BD%90+830052%25%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E5%85%B5%E5%9B%A2%E5%8B%98%E6%B5%8B%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E9%99%A2%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%2C%E4%B9%8C%E9%B2%81%E6%9C%A8%E9%BD%90+830000%25%E5%92%8C%E5%B8%83%E5%85%8B%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E5%8E%BF%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9%E5%B1%80%2C%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86+%E5%A1%94%E5%9F%8E+834499%25%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6+%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9%E4%B8%8E%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%2C%E4%B9%8C%E9%B2%81%E6%9C%A8%E9%BD%90+830052&rft.issn=1672-3317&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1&rft.epage=15&rft_id=info:doi/10.13522%2Fj.cnki.ggps.2023501&rft.externalDocID=ggps202405002
thumbnail_s http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/custom?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wanfangdata.com.cn%2Fimages%2FPeriodicalImages%2Fggps%2Fggps.jpg