CB1 receptor signaling regulates social anxiety and memory

• Published in: Genes, brain and behavior Vol. 12; no. 5; pp. 479 - 489
• Main Authors: Litvin, Y., Phan, A., Hill, M. N., Pfaff, D. W., McEwen, B. S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.07.2013; Blackwell; John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Subjects: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult and adolescent clinical studies; Animals; Anxiety; Anxiety - genetics; Anxiety - metabolism; Anxiety disorders. Neuroses; Arousal; Behavior; Biological and medical sciences; discrimination; endocannabinoid; fear; Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic; interaction; Male; Medical sciences; Memory; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Phobia; Piperidines - pharmacology; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Pyrazoles - pharmacology; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 - antagonists & inhibitors; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 - genetics; Social Discrimination; stress; CB1 cannabinoid receptor; Affect affectivity; Social phobia; Memory; Rodentia; Anxiety disorder; Cognition; Emotion emotionality; Experimental study; Stress; Fear; Vertebrata; Regulation(control); Mammalia; Discrimination; Endocannabinoid; Mouse; Animal; Knockout mouse; interaction; Genetics; Behavior
• ISSN: 1601-1848; 1601-183X
• DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12045

The endocannabinoid (eCB) system regulates emotion, stress, memory and cognition through the cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor. To test the role of CB1 signaling in social anxiety and memory, we utilized a genetic knockout (KO) and a pharmacological approach. Specifically, we assessed the effects of a constitutive KO of CB1 receptors (CB1KOs) and systemic administration of a CB1 antagonist (AM251; 5 mg/kg) on social anxiety in a social investigation paradigm and social memory in a social discrimination test. Results showed that when compared with wild‐type (WT) and vehicle‐treated animals, CB1KOs and WT animals that received an acute dose of AM251 displayed anxiety‐like behaviors toward a novel male conspecific. When compared with WT animals, KOs showed both active and passive defensive coping behaviors, i.e. elevated avoidance, freezing and risk‐assessment behaviors, all consistent with an anxiety‐like profile. Animals that received acute doses of AM251 also showed an anxiety‐like profile when compared with vehicle‐treated animals, yet did not show an active coping strategy, i.e. changes in risk‐assessment behaviors. In the social discrimination test, CB1KOs and animals that received the CB1 antagonist showed enhanced levels of social memory relative to their respective controls. These results clearly implicate CB1 receptors in the regulation of social anxiety, memory and arousal. The elevated arousal/anxiety resulting from either total CB1 deletion or an acute CB1 blockade may promote enhanced social discrimination/memory. These findings may emphasize the role of the eCB system in anxiety and memory to affect social behavior. Our findings examine the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in social anxiety and memory utilizing both pharmacological and genetic approaches.