Pain Assessment in Dementia: Evaluation of a Point-of-Care Technological Solution

Pain is common among people with moderate to severe dementia, but inability of patients to self-report means it often goes undetected and untreated. We developed the electronic Pain Assessment Tool (ePAT) to address this issue. A point-of-care App, it utilizes facial recognition technology to detect...

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Published inJournal of Alzheimer's disease Vol. 60; no. 1; pp. 137 - 150
Main Authors Atee, Mustafa, Hoti, Kreshnik, Parsons, Richard, Hughes, Jeffery D.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London, England SAGE Publications 01.01.2017
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Abstract Pain is common among people with moderate to severe dementia, but inability of patients to self-report means it often goes undetected and untreated. We developed the electronic Pain Assessment Tool (ePAT) to address this issue. A point-of-care App, it utilizes facial recognition technology to detect facial micro-expressions indicative of pain. ePAT also records the presence of pain-related behaviors under five additional domains (Voice, Movement, Behavior, Activity, and Body). In this observational study, we assessed the psychometric properties of ePAT compared to the Abbey Pain Scale (APS). Forty aged care residents (70% females) over the age of 60 years, with moderate to severe dementia and a history of pain-related condition(s) were recruited into the study. Three hundred and fifty-three paired pain assessments (either at rest or post-movement) were recorded and analyzed. The ePAT demonstrated excellent concurrent validity (r = 0.882, 95% CI: 0.857–0.903) and good discriminant validity. Inter-rater reliability score was good overall (weighted κ= 0.74, 95% CI: 0.68–0.80) while internal consistency was excellent. ePAT has psychometric properties which make it suitable for use in non-communicative patients with dementia. ePAT also has the advantage of automated facial expression assessment which provides objective and reproducible evidence of the presence of pain.
AbstractList Pain is common among people with moderate to severe dementia, but inability of patients to self-report means it often goes undetected and untreated. We developed the electronic Pain Assessment Tool (ePAT) to address this issue. A point-of-care App, it utilizes facial recognition technology to detect facial micro-expressions indicative of pain. ePAT also records the presence of pain-related behaviors under five additional domains (Voice, Movement, Behavior, Activity, and Body). In this observational study, we assessed the psychometric properties of ePAT compared to the Abbey Pain Scale (APS). Forty aged care residents (70% females) over the age of 60 years, with moderate to severe dementia and a history of pain-related condition(s) were recruited into the study. Three hundred and fifty-three paired pain assessments (either at rest or post-movement) were recorded and analyzed. The ePAT demonstrated excellent concurrent validity (r = 0.882, 95% CI: 0.857–0.903) and good discriminant validity. Inter-rater reliability score was good overall (weighted κ= 0.74, 95% CI: 0.68–0.80) while internal consistency was excellent. ePAT has psychometric properties which make it suitable for use in non-communicative patients with dementia. ePAT also has the advantage of automated facial expression assessment which provides objective and reproducible evidence of the presence of pain.
Author Parsons, Richard
Hoti, Kreshnik
Atee, Mustafa
Hughes, Jeffery D.
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Issue 1
Keywords ePAT
Automated
reliability
pain assessment
dementia
older people
FACS
psychometric evaluation
facial recognition technology
validation
Language English
License This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Snippet Pain is common among people with moderate to severe dementia, but inability of patients to self-report means it often goes undetected and untreated. We...
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SubjectTerms Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Dementia - complications
Facial Expression
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Pain - diagnosis
Pain - etiology
Pain Measurement - methods
Point-of-Care Systems
Psychometrics
Reproducibility of Results
Self Report
Title Pain Assessment in Dementia: Evaluation of a Point-of-Care Technological Solution
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28800333
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