Cell therapy for spinal cord injury with olfactory ensheathing glia cells (OECs)
The prospects of achieving regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) have changed, as most recent findings indicate that several species, including humans, can produce neurons in adulthood. Studies targeting this property may be considered as potential therapeutic strategies to respond to inj...
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| Published in | Glia Vol. 66; no. 7; pp. 1267 - 1301 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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United States
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
01.07.2018
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| Abstract | The prospects of achieving regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) have changed, as most recent findings indicate that several species, including humans, can produce neurons in adulthood. Studies targeting this property may be considered as potential therapeutic strategies to respond to injury or the effects of demyelinating diseases in the CNS. While CNS trauma may interrupt the axonal tracts that connect neurons with their targets, some neurons remain alive, as seen in optic nerve and spinal cord (SC) injuries (SCIs). The devastating consequences of SCIs are due to the immediate and significant disruption of the ascending and descending spinal pathways, which result in varying degrees of motor and sensory impairment. Recent therapeutic studies for SCI have focused on cell transplantation in animal models, using cells capable of inducing axon regeneration like Schwann cells (SchCs), astrocytes, genetically modified fibroblasts and olfactory ensheathing glia cells (OECs). Nevertheless, and despite the improvements in such cell‐based therapeutic strategies, there is still little information regarding the mechanisms underlying the success of transplantation and regarding any secondary effects. Therefore, further studies are needed to clarify these issues. In this review, we highlight the properties of OECs that make them suitable to achieve neuroplasticity/neuroregeneration in SCI. OECs can interact with the glial scar, stimulate angiogenesis, axon outgrowth and remyelination, improving functional outcomes following lesion. Furthermore, we present evidence of the utility of cell therapy with OECs to treat SCI, both from animal models and clinical studies performed on SCI patients, providing promising results for future treatments.
Main Points
OECs ontogeny, physiological, morphological and molecular characteristics.
OECs properties making them suitable for neuroplasticity/neuroregeneration in SCI.
Promising results of OECs cell therapy for SCI (animal models and clinical studies). |
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| AbstractList | The prospects of achieving regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) have changed, as most recent findings indicate that several species, including humans, can produce neurons in adulthood. Studies targeting this property may be considered as potential therapeutic strategies to respond to injury or the effects of demyelinating diseases in the CNS. While CNS trauma may interrupt the axonal tracts that connect neurons with their targets, some neurons remain alive, as seen in optic nerve and spinal cord (SC) injuries (SCIs). The devastating consequences of SCIs are due to the immediate and significant disruption of the ascending and descending spinal pathways, which result in varying degrees of motor and sensory impairment. Recent therapeutic studies for SCI have focused on cell transplantation in animal models, using cells capable of inducing axon regeneration like Schwann cells (SchCs), astrocytes, genetically modified fibroblasts and olfactory ensheathing glia cells (OECs). Nevertheless, and despite the improvements in such cell‐based therapeutic strategies, there is still little information regarding the mechanisms underlying the success of transplantation and regarding any secondary effects. Therefore, further studies are needed to clarify these issues. In this review, we highlight the properties of OECs that make them suitable to achieve neuroplasticity/neuroregeneration in SCI. OECs can interact with the glial scar, stimulate angiogenesis, axon outgrowth and remyelination, improving functional outcomes following lesion. Furthermore, we present evidence of the utility of cell therapy with OECs to treat SCI, both from animal models and clinical studies performed on SCI patients, providing promising results for future treatments. The prospects of achieving regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) have changed, as most recent findings indicate that several species, including humans, can produce neurons in adulthood. Studies targeting this property may be considered as potential therapeutic strategies to respond to injury or the effects of demyelinating diseases in the CNS. While CNS trauma may interrupt the axonal tracts that connect neurons with their targets, some neurons remain alive, as seen in optic nerve and spinal cord (SC) injuries (SCIs). The devastating consequences of SCIs are due to the immediate and significant disruption of the ascending and descending spinal pathways, which result in varying degrees of motor and sensory impairment. Recent therapeutic studies for SCI have focused on cell transplantation in animal models, using cells capable of inducing axon regeneration like Schwann cells (SchCs), astrocytes, genetically modified fibroblasts and olfactory ensheathing glia cells (OECs). Nevertheless, and despite the improvements in such cell‐based therapeutic strategies, there is still little information regarding the mechanisms underlying the success of transplantation and regarding any secondary effects. Therefore, further studies are needed to clarify these issues. In this review, we highlight the properties of OECs that make them suitable to achieve neuroplasticity/neuroregeneration in SCI. OECs can interact with the glial scar, stimulate angiogenesis, axon outgrowth and remyelination, improving functional outcomes following lesion. Furthermore, we present evidence of the utility of cell therapy with OECs to treat SCI, both from animal models and clinical studies performed on SCI patients, providing promising results for future treatments. Main Points OECs ontogeny, physiological, morphological and molecular characteristics. OECs properties making them suitable for neuroplasticity/neuroregeneration in SCI. Promising results of OECs cell therapy for SCI (animal models and clinical studies). |
| Author | Portela‐Lomba, Maria Ghotme, Kemel Moreno‐Flores, M. Teresa Sánchez, Magdy Y. Barreto, George E. Sierra, Javier Gómez, Rosa M. |
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| Keywords | cell transplantation olfactory ensheathing glia cells spinal cord injuries neuroregeneration cell therapies transplantation |
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| Notes | Funding information Fundación de Neuroregeneración de Colombia; Grupo NeuroRec; Fundación Universidad Francisco de Vitoria Magdy Y. Sánchez and Maria Portela‐Lomba contributed equally to this review as second author. Javier Sierra, and M. Teresa Moreno‐Flores contributed equally to this review as last author. ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1 |
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| SubjectTerms | Angiogenesis Animal models Astrocytes Axon guidance Axonal plasticity Cell culture cell therapies cell transplantation Central nervous system Demyelinating diseases Demyelination Fibroblasts Functional plasticity Genetic modification Glial plasticity Injuries Myelination Neuronal-glial interactions Neurons neuroregeneration olfactory ensheathing glia cells Optic nerve Regeneration Schwann cells Spinal cord Spinal cord injuries Spinal plasticity Therapy Transplantation Trauma |
| Title | Cell therapy for spinal cord injury with olfactory ensheathing glia cells (OECs) |
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