Kratom and Pain Tolerance: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study

• Published in: The Yale journal of biology & medicine Vol. 93; no. 2; pp. 229 - 238
• Main Authors: Vicknasingam, Balasingam, Chooi, Weng Tink, Rahim, Azlan Abdul, Ramachandram, Dinesh, Singh, Darshan, Ramanathan, Surash, Yusof, Nur Sabrina Mohd, Zainal, Hadzliana, Murugaiyah, Vikneswaran, Gueorguieva, Ralitza, Mansor, Sharif Mahsufi, Chawarski, Marek C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 01.06.2020; YJBM
• Series: Focus: Plant-based Medicine and Pharmacology
• Subjects: Adult; Amphetamines; Analgesics; Analgesics - administration & dosage; Benzodiazepines; Blood-brain barrier; Brain research; Cardiovascular disease; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes; Double-blind studies; Drug Monitoring - methods; Drug withdrawal; Enrollments; Female; Hepatitis; Humans; Laboratories; Liver diseases; Malaysia; Male; Medical screening; Medicine, East Asian Traditional - methods; Mitragyna; Morphine; Narcotics; Original Contribution; Pain; Pain Management - methods; Pain Measurement - methods; Pain Threshold - drug effects; Participation; Placebos; Plant Extracts - administration & dosage; Plant Leaves; Sample size; Small intestine; Statistical analysis; Syphilis; Traditional medicine; Treatment Outcome; Urine; Malaysia; United States > US; kratom; pain tolerance; plant medicine

: Kratom has a long history of traditional medicine use in Southeast Asia. Consumption of kratom products has also been reported in the US and other regions of the world. Pain relief is among many self-reported kratom effects but have not been evaluated in controlled human subject research. : Kratom...