Kratom and Pain Tolerance: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study - Vicknasingam, Balasingam; Chooi, Weng Tink; Rahim, Azlan Abdul; Ramachandram, Dinesh; Singh, Darshan; Ramanathan, Surash; Yusof, Nur Sabrina Mohd; Zainal, Hadzliana; Murugaiyah, Vikneswaran; Gueorguieva, Ralitza; Mansor, Sharif Mahsufi; Chawarski, Marek C (The Yale journal of biology & medicine, 2020)
Keywords: Adult; Amphetamines; Analgesics; Analgesics - administration & dosage; Benzodiazepines; Blood-brain barrier; Brain research; Cardiovascular disease; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes; Double-blind studies; Drug Monitoring - methods; Drug withdrawal; Enrollments; Female; Hepatitis; Humans; Laboratories; Liver diseases; Malaysia; Male; Medical screening; Medicine, East Asian Traditional - methods; Mitragyna; Morphine; Narcotics; Original Contribution; Pain; Pain Management - methods; Pain Measurement - methods; Pain Threshold - drug effects; Participation; Placebos; Plant Extracts - administration & dosage; Plant Leaves; Sample size; Small intestine; Statistical analysis; Syphilis; Traditional medicine; Treatment Outcome; Urine; Malaysia; United States--US; kratom; pain tolerance; plant medicine