Current Controversies: Are Free Vitamin Metabolite Levels a More Accurate Assessment of Vitamin D Status than Total Levels?

The free hormone hypothesis postulates that only the nonbound fraction (the free fraction) of hormones that otherwise circulate in blood bound to their carrier proteins is able to enter cells and exert their biologic effects. For the vitamin D metabolites less than 1% (0.4% for 1,25(OH) D and 0.03%...

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Published inEndocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America Vol. 46; no. 4; p. 901
Main Authors Bikle, Daniel D, Malmstroem, Sofie, Schwartz, Janice
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States 01.12.2017
Subjects
Humans
Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives
Vitamin D - blood
Vitamin D Deficiency - blood
Vitamin D Deficiency - diagnosis
Free hormone hypothesis
Pregnancy
Vitamin D metabolism
Vitamin D
Liver disease
Free vitamin D
Online AccessGet more information

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Abstract The free hormone hypothesis postulates that only the nonbound fraction (the free fraction) of hormones that otherwise circulate in blood bound to their carrier proteins is able to enter cells and exert their biologic effects. For the vitamin D metabolites less than 1% (0.4% for 1,25(OH) D and 0.03% for 25(OH)D) is free, with more than 99% bound to the vitamin D binding protein (DBP) and albumin (approximately 85% and 15%, respectively). Assays to measure the free vitamin D metabolite levels have been developed, and initial studies indicated their value in subjects with altered DBP levels.
AbstractList The free hormone hypothesis postulates that only the nonbound fraction (the free fraction) of hormones that otherwise circulate in blood bound to their carrier proteins is able to enter cells and exert their biologic effects. For the vitamin D metabolites less than 1% (0.4% for 1,25(OH) D and 0.03% for 25(OH)D) is free, with more than 99% bound to the vitamin D binding protein (DBP) and albumin (approximately 85% and 15%, respectively). Assays to measure the free vitamin D metabolite levels have been developed, and initial studies indicated their value in subjects with altered DBP levels.
Author Schwartz, Janice
Malmstroem, Sofie
Bikle, Daniel D
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Issue 4
Keywords Free hormone hypothesis
Pregnancy
Vitamin D metabolism
Vitamin D
Liver disease
Free vitamin D
Language English
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– reference: 27169839 - Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Jun;103(6):1465-71
– reference: 6087030 - J Steroid Biochem. 1984 Jul;21(1):81-6
– reference: 2415977 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Dec;82(23):7994-8
– reference: 22975199 - Am J Epidemiol. 2012 Oct 1;176(7):615-21
– reference: 21569549 - Nutr J. 2011 May 14;10:46
– reference: 26846777 - Osteoporos Int. 2016 Jun;27(6):1967-77
– reference: 6750727 - Recent Prog Horm Res. 1982;38:457-510
– reference: 2463903 - Endocrinology. 1989 Feb;124(2):655-60
– reference: 20149679 - Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jun;21(6):375-84
– reference: 26161453 - J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Sep;100(9):3356-63
– reference: 8370586 - Hum Genet. 1993 Sep;92(2):183-8
– reference: 947752 - Eur J Biochem. 1976 Jul 1;66(2):285-91
– reference: 3745408 - J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986 Oct;63(4):954-9
– reference: 6894152 - J Clin Invest. 1981 Mar;67(3):589-96
– reference: 9916136 - J Clin Invest. 1999 Jan;103(2):239-51
– reference: 26397952 - N Engl J Med. 2015 Oct 8;373(15):1480-2
– reference: 6978827 - Gastroenterology. 1982 Jul;83(1 Pt 1):103-8
– reference: 24240067 - J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014 Oct;144 Pt A:156-8
– reference: 26512456 - Am J Med Sci. 2015 Nov;350(5):374-9
– reference: 17129178 - J Bone Miner Res. 2007 Feb;22(2):274-85
– reference: 3840175 - J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1985 Nov;61(5):969-75
– reference: 9333115 - J Bone Miner Res. 1997 Oct;12 (10 ):1552-9
– reference: 14955531 - J Clin Invest. 1952 Aug;31(8):789-97
– reference: 24019477 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Sep 24;110(39):15650-5
– reference: 23427793 - Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2013 Jan-Feb;50(1):1-22
– reference: 11012668 - Eur J Biochem. 2000 Oct;267(20):6158-65
– reference: 15061585 - Clin Invest Med. 2004 Feb;27(1):42-50
– reference: 26782853 - J Am Geriatr Soc. 2016 Jan;64(1):65-72
– reference: 1675987 - Endocrinology. 1991 Jul;129(1):33-8
– reference: 6549014 - J Clin Invest. 1984 Dec;74(6):1966-71
– reference: 28093353 - J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2017 Oct;173:105-116
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– reference: 3013880 - J Biol Chem. 1986 Jul 15;261(20):9250-6
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– reference: 12867411 - J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 26;278(39):38084-93
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– reference: 9071320 - J Histochem Cytochem. 1997 Mar;45(3):383-92
– reference: 10052453 - Cell. 1999 Feb 19;96(4):507-15
– reference: 6983024 - Metab Bone Dis Relat Res. 1982;4(2):135-42
– reference: 17023693 - Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Oct;84(4):694-7
– reference: 22230812 - Clin Chem. 2012 Mar;58(3):531-42
– reference: 24030939 - J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Nov;98(11):4400-9
– reference: 26733479 - Eur J Endocrinol. 2016 Apr;174(4):445-52
– reference: 2268556 - J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1990 Oct;37(2):251-5
– reference: 2988390 - Ann Intern Med. 1985 Jul;103(1):42-8
– reference: 15128933 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 May 18;101(20):7711-5
– reference: 27942176 - Indian J Nephrol. 2016 Nov-Dec;26(6):434-445
– reference: 7872586 - Ann Intern Med. 1995 Apr 1;122(7):511-3
– reference: 7075948 - Gastroenterology. 1982 Jul;83(1 Pt 1):97-102
– reference: 24256378 - N Engl J Med. 2013 Nov 21;369(21):1991-2000
– reference: 27007809 - N Engl J Med. 2016 Apr 28;374(17 ):1695-6
– reference: 10400926 - Genome Res. 1999 Jun;9(6):581-7
– reference: 26312580 - J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Nov;100(11):4140-5
– reference: 27007693 - J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 May;101(5):2226-34
– reference: 3745436 - J Clin Invest. 1986 Sep;78(3):748-52
– reference: 1525046 - J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1992 Sep;42(8):855-61
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Snippet The free hormone hypothesis postulates that only the nonbound fraction (the free fraction) of hormones that otherwise circulate in blood bound to their carrier...
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SubjectTerms Humans
Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives
Vitamin D - blood
Vitamin D Deficiency - blood
Vitamin D Deficiency - diagnosis
Title Current Controversies: Are Free Vitamin Metabolite Levels a More Accurate Assessment of Vitamin D Status than Total Levels?
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29080642
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