Cohort differences in health, functioning and physical activity in the young-old Finnish population
Background and aims: A mixed picture emerges from the international literature about secular and cohort changes in the health and functioning of older adults. We conducted a repeated population-based cross-sectional study to determine trends in health, functioning and physical activity in the young-...
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| Published in | Aging clinical and experimental research Vol. 23; no. 2; pp. 126 - 134 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Cham
Springer International Publishing
01.04.2011
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| Abstract | Background and aims:
A mixed picture emerges from the international literature about secular and cohort changes in the health and functioning of older adults. We conducted a repeated population-based cross-sectional study to determine trends in health, functioning and physical activity in the young-old Finnish population.
Methods:
Representative samples of community-dwelling people aged 65–69 years in 1988 (n=362), 1996 (n=320) and 2004 (n=292) were compared in socio-economic status, self-rated health, chronic diseases, memory problems, ability to carry out instrumental activities of daily living, physical activity, and five-year mortality.
Results:
Significant improvement in all the investigated modalities, except that of chronic diseases, was observed in the newer cohorts. In logistic regression analysis, after controlling for socio-economic status and gender, cohort effects remained significant for memory problems, IADL difficulties and physical activity. Cox regression analyses showed significant improvement in survival when later cohorts were compared with the earlier ones.
Conclusions:
This study provides evidence of improving levels of socio-economic status, self-rated health, functioning, physical activity, and lower risk of mortality in the newer cohorts of the Finnish young-old, but this was not accompanied by a parallel diminution in chronic diseases. |
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| AbstractList | A mixed picture emerges from the international literature about secular and cohort changes in the health and functioning of older adults. We conducted a repeated population based cross-sectional study to determine trends in health, functioning and physical activity in the young old Finnish population.BACKGROUND AND AIMSA mixed picture emerges from the international literature about secular and cohort changes in the health and functioning of older adults. We conducted a repeated population based cross-sectional study to determine trends in health, functioning and physical activity in the young old Finnish population.Representative samples of community-dwelling people aged 65-69 years in 1988 (n=362), 1996 (n=320) and 2004 (n=292) were compared in socio-economic status, self-rated health, chronic diseases, memory problems, ability to carry out instrumental activities of daily living, physical activity, and five-year mortality.METHODSRepresentative samples of community-dwelling people aged 65-69 years in 1988 (n=362), 1996 (n=320) and 2004 (n=292) were compared in socio-economic status, self-rated health, chronic diseases, memory problems, ability to carry out instrumental activities of daily living, physical activity, and five-year mortality.Significant improvement in all the investigated modalities, except that of chronic diseases, was observed in the newer cohorts. In logistic regression analysis, after controlling for socioeconomic status and gender, cohort effects remained significant for memory problems, IADL difficulties and physical activity. Cox regression analyses showed significant improvement in survival when later cohorts were compared with the earlier ones.RESULTSSignificant improvement in all the investigated modalities, except that of chronic diseases, was observed in the newer cohorts. In logistic regression analysis, after controlling for socioeconomic status and gender, cohort effects remained significant for memory problems, IADL difficulties and physical activity. Cox regression analyses showed significant improvement in survival when later cohorts were compared with the earlier ones.This study provides evidence of improving levels of socio-economic status, self-rated health, functioning, physical activity, and lower risk of mortality in the newer cohorts of the Finnish young-old, but this was not accompanied by a parallel diminution in chronic diseases.CONCLUSIONSThis study provides evidence of improving levels of socio-economic status, self-rated health, functioning, physical activity, and lower risk of mortality in the newer cohorts of the Finnish young-old, but this was not accompanied by a parallel diminution in chronic diseases. A mixed picture emerges from the international literature about secular and cohort changes in the health and functioning of older adults. We conducted a repeated population based cross-sectional study to determine trends in health, functioning and physical activity in the young old Finnish population. Representative samples of community-dwelling people aged 65-69 years in 1988 (n=362), 1996 (n=320) and 2004 (n=292) were compared in socio-economic status, self-rated health, chronic diseases, memory problems, ability to carry out instrumental activities of daily living, physical activity, and five-year mortality. Significant improvement in all the investigated modalities, except that of chronic diseases, was observed in the newer cohorts. In logistic regression analysis, after controlling for socioeconomic status and gender, cohort effects remained significant for memory problems, IADL difficulties and physical activity. Cox regression analyses showed significant improvement in survival when later cohorts were compared with the earlier ones. This study provides evidence of improving levels of socio-economic status, self-rated health, functioning, physical activity, and lower risk of mortality in the newer cohorts of the Finnish young-old, but this was not accompanied by a parallel diminution in chronic diseases. Background and aims: A mixed picture emerges from the international literature about secular and cohort changes in the health and functioning of older adults. We conducted a repeated population-based cross-sectional study to determine trends in health, functioning and physical activity in the young-old Finnish population. Methods: Representative samples of community-dwelling people aged 65–69 years in 1988 (n=362), 1996 (n=320) and 2004 (n=292) were compared in socio-economic status, self-rated health, chronic diseases, memory problems, ability to carry out instrumental activities of daily living, physical activity, and five-year mortality. Results: Significant improvement in all the investigated modalities, except that of chronic diseases, was observed in the newer cohorts. In logistic regression analysis, after controlling for socio-economic status and gender, cohort effects remained significant for memory problems, IADL difficulties and physical activity. Cox regression analyses showed significant improvement in survival when later cohorts were compared with the earlier ones. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of improving levels of socio-economic status, self-rated health, functioning, physical activity, and lower risk of mortality in the newer cohorts of the Finnish young-old, but this was not accompanied by a parallel diminution in chronic diseases. |
| Author | Kauppinen, Markku Heikkinen, Riitta-Liisa Lyyra, Tiina-Mari Leinonen, Raija Heikkinen, Eino Suutama, Timo Rantanen, Taina |
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| References | RobineJMMormichePCermetCExamination of the causes and mechanisms of the increase in disability-free life expectancyJ Aging Health1998101719110.1177/089826439801000204 JaggerCGilliesCMosconeFInequalities in healthy life years in the 25 countries of the European Union in 2005: a crossnational meta-regression analysisLancet20083722124311901052610.1016/S0140-6736(08)61594-9 MantonKGRecent declines in chronic disability in the elderly US population: risk factors and future dynamicsAnn Rev Public Health2008299111310.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090812 PitkäläKHValvanneJKulpSStrandbergTETilvisRSSecular trends in self-reported functioning need for assistance and attitudes towards life: 10-year differences of three older cohortsJ Am Geriatr Soc2001495966001138075310.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49120.x MarengoniAVon StraussERizzutoDWinbladBFratiglioniLThe impact of chronic multimorbidity and disability on functional decline and survival in elderly persons. A community-based, longitudinal studyJ Intern Med2009265288951:STN:280:DC%2BD1M7hvVenuw%3D%3D1919203810.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.02017.x SteenBThe elderly yesterday, today and tomorrow: aspect on cohort differences from the gerontological and geriatric population studies in Göteborg, Sweden (H70)Arch Gerontol Geriatr200235Suppl.13597010.1016/S0167-4943(02)00130-9 HoeymansNFeskensEJMvan den BosGAMKromhoutDAge, time and cohort effects on functional status and self-rated health in elderly menAm J Public Health199787162051:STN:280:DyaK1c%2FitVaisA%3D%3D1381123935734210.2105/AJPH.87.10.1620 RautioNHeikkinenEEbrahimSSocio-economic position and its relationship to physical capacity among elderly people living in Jyväskylä, Finland: Five- and ten-year follow-up studiesSoc Sci Med2005602405161581416710.1016/j.socscimed.2004.11.029 BlairSNWeiMSedentary habits, health, and function in older women and menAm J Public Health200015181:STN:280:DC%2BD38%2FgsV2hsA%3D%3D JylhäMJokelaJTolvanenEThe Tampere Longitudinal Study on Aging. Description of the study. Basic results on health and functional abilityScand J Soc Med199247Suppl158 KoskinenSAromaaAHuttunenJTeperiJHealth in FinlandNational Public Health Institute, National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Vammalan Kirjapaino Oy2006 Statistics Finland 2009 HeikkinenEBackground, design and methods of the Evergreen projectJ Aging Phys Act19986SpecialIssue10620 MelzerDMcWilliamsBBrayneCJohnsonTBondJSocioeconomic status and the expectation of disability in old age: estimates for EnglandJ Epidemiol Community Health200054286921:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3oslantQ%3D%3D17316541082791110.1136/jech.54.4.286 HuismanMKunstAEMackenbachJPSocioeconomic inequalities in morbidity among the elderly: a European overviewSoc Sci Med200357861731285011110.1016/S0277-9536(02)00454-9 Finkel D, Reynolds CA, McArdle JJ, Pedersen KL. Cohort differences in trajectories of cognitive aging. J Gerontol Psychol Sci 2007; P286-94. FreedmanVAMartinLGSchoeniRFRecent trends in disability and functioning among older adults in the United StatesJAMA20022883137461249539410.1001/jama.288.24.3137 GrundyEGlaserKSocio-demographic differences in the onset and progression of disability in early old age: a longitudinal studyAge Ageing200029149571:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3ltVSruw%3D%3D1079145010.1093/ageing/29.2.149 WinbladIJääskeläinenMKiveläS-LHiltunenPLaippalaPPrevalence of disability in three birth cohorts at old age over time spans of 10 and 20 yearsJ Clin Epidemiol2001541019241:STN:280:DC%2BD3MrivFWjug%3D%3D1157681310.1016/S0895-4356(01)00370-5 ParkerMGAhasicKThorslundMHealth changes among Swedish oldest old: prevalence rates from 1992 and 2002 show increasing health problemsJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci200560135151628257310.1093/gerona/60.10.1351 LeinonenRHeikkinenEJylhäMA pattern of long-term predictors of self-rated health among older peopleAging Clin Exp Res200113454641:STN:280:DC%2BD387hsVWqug%3D%3D MantonKGGuXChanges in the prevalence of chronic disability in the United States black and nonblack population above age 65 from 1982 to 1999Proc Natl Acad Sci USA200198635491:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXktVWktr4%3D334721134427510.1073/pnas.111152298 HoogendijkEvan GroenouMBvan TilburgTDeegDEducational differences in functional limitations: comparisons of 55–65-year-olds in the Netherlands in 1992 and 2002Int J Public Health200853281919112590 JaggerCMatthewsRJMatthewsFECohort differences in diseases and disability in the young-old: findings from the MRC Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC-CFAS)BMC Public Health200771566719479641762991010.1186/1471-2458-7-156 SchoeniRFLiangJBennetJSugisawaHFukyaTCobayashiETrends in old-age functioning and disability in JapanPopul Stud200660395310.1080/00324720500462280 LasletPA fresh map of life: the emergence of a third age1989Cambridge, MAHarward University Press RuoppilaISuutamaTCognitive functioning of 75- and 80-year-old people and changes during a 5-year follow-upFunctional capacity and health of elderly people — the Evergreen project. Scand J Soc Med1997Suppl.534465 CrimminsEMTrends in the health of the elderlyAnn Rev Public Health200425799810.1146/annurev.publhealth.25.102802.124401 NelsonMERejeskiWJBlairSNPhysical activity and public health in older adults: recommendations from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart AssociationMed Sci Sports Exerc2007391435451776237810.1249/mss.0b013e3180616aa2 PohjolainenPHeikkinenELyyraA-LHelinSTyrkköKSocioeconomic status, health and life-style in two elderly cohorts in JyväskyläScand J Soc Med199752Suppl.1651:STN:280:DyaK2szosFKrsA%3D%3D KaristoAFinnish baby boomers and the emergence of the third ageIJAL200729110810.3384/ijal.1652-8670.072291 HeikkinenELeinonenRBergSSchrollMSteenBHeikkinenEBergSSchrollMSteenBViidikALevels and associates of self-rated health among 75-year-old people living in three Nordic localitiesFunctional status, health and aging: the NORA study. Facts, Research and Intervention in Geriatrics1997ParisSerdi Publisher12148 DavisEBeerJGligonaCThormAWorking papers in health and welfare, no. 2001/1. Accounting for change in disability and severe restriction, 1981–19982001CanberraAustralian Bureau of Statistics LeinonenRHeikkinenEJylhäMPredictors of decline in selfassessments of health among older people. A five-year longitudinal studySoc Sci Med2001521329411:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzisVCktA%3D%3D1128635910.1016/S0277-9536(00)00249-5 SpiersNJaggerCClarkeMPhysical function and perceived health: cohort differences and interrealtionships in older peopleJ Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci199651B2263310.1093/geronb/51B.5.S226 |
| References_xml | – reference: BlairSNWeiMSedentary habits, health, and function in older women and menAm J Public Health200015181:STN:280:DC%2BD38%2FgsV2hsA%3D%3D – reference: KaristoAFinnish baby boomers and the emergence of the third ageIJAL200729110810.3384/ijal.1652-8670.072291 – reference: SpiersNJaggerCClarkeMPhysical function and perceived health: cohort differences and interrealtionships in older peopleJ Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci199651B2263310.1093/geronb/51B.5.S226 – reference: JaggerCGilliesCMosconeFInequalities in healthy life years in the 25 countries of the European Union in 2005: a crossnational meta-regression analysisLancet20083722124311901052610.1016/S0140-6736(08)61594-9 – reference: LeinonenRHeikkinenEJylhäMA pattern of long-term predictors of self-rated health among older peopleAging Clin Exp Res200113454641:STN:280:DC%2BD387hsVWqug%3D%3D – reference: FreedmanVAMartinLGSchoeniRFRecent trends in disability and functioning among older adults in the United StatesJAMA20022883137461249539410.1001/jama.288.24.3137 – reference: GrundyEGlaserKSocio-demographic differences in the onset and progression of disability in early old age: a longitudinal studyAge Ageing200029149571:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3ltVSruw%3D%3D1079145010.1093/ageing/29.2.149 – reference: MarengoniAVon StraussERizzutoDWinbladBFratiglioniLThe impact of chronic multimorbidity and disability on functional decline and survival in elderly persons. A community-based, longitudinal studyJ Intern Med2009265288951:STN:280:DC%2BD1M7hvVenuw%3D%3D1919203810.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.02017.x – reference: DavisEBeerJGligonaCThormAWorking papers in health and welfare, no. 2001/1. Accounting for change in disability and severe restriction, 1981–19982001CanberraAustralian Bureau of Statistics – reference: PitkäläKHValvanneJKulpSStrandbergTETilvisRSSecular trends in self-reported functioning need for assistance and attitudes towards life: 10-year differences of three older cohortsJ Am Geriatr Soc2001495966001138075310.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49120.x – reference: RautioNHeikkinenEEbrahimSSocio-economic position and its relationship to physical capacity among elderly people living in Jyväskylä, Finland: Five- and ten-year follow-up studiesSoc Sci Med2005602405161581416710.1016/j.socscimed.2004.11.029 – reference: MantonKGGuXChanges in the prevalence of chronic disability in the United States black and nonblack population above age 65 from 1982 to 1999Proc Natl Acad Sci USA200198635491:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXktVWktr4%3D334721134427510.1073/pnas.111152298 – reference: HoogendijkEvan GroenouMBvan TilburgTDeegDEducational differences in functional limitations: comparisons of 55–65-year-olds in the Netherlands in 1992 and 2002Int J Public Health200853281919112590 – reference: RuoppilaISuutamaTCognitive functioning of 75- and 80-year-old people and changes during a 5-year follow-upFunctional capacity and health of elderly people — the Evergreen project. Scand J Soc Med1997Suppl.534465 – reference: NelsonMERejeskiWJBlairSNPhysical activity and public health in older adults: recommendations from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart AssociationMed Sci Sports Exerc2007391435451776237810.1249/mss.0b013e3180616aa2 – reference: LeinonenRHeikkinenEJylhäMPredictors of decline in selfassessments of health among older people. A five-year longitudinal studySoc Sci Med2001521329411:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzisVCktA%3D%3D1128635910.1016/S0277-9536(00)00249-5 – reference: HeikkinenELeinonenRBergSSchrollMSteenBHeikkinenEBergSSchrollMSteenBViidikALevels and associates of self-rated health among 75-year-old people living in three Nordic localitiesFunctional status, health and aging: the NORA study. Facts, Research and Intervention in Geriatrics1997ParisSerdi Publisher12148 – reference: JaggerCMatthewsRJMatthewsFECohort differences in diseases and disability in the young-old: findings from the MRC Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC-CFAS)BMC Public Health200771566719479641762991010.1186/1471-2458-7-156 – reference: MelzerDMcWilliamsBBrayneCJohnsonTBondJSocioeconomic status and the expectation of disability in old age: estimates for EnglandJ Epidemiol Community Health200054286921:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3oslantQ%3D%3D17316541082791110.1136/jech.54.4.286 – reference: WinbladIJääskeläinenMKiveläS-LHiltunenPLaippalaPPrevalence of disability in three birth cohorts at old age over time spans of 10 and 20 yearsJ Clin Epidemiol2001541019241:STN:280:DC%2BD3MrivFWjug%3D%3D1157681310.1016/S0895-4356(01)00370-5 – reference: HoeymansNFeskensEJMvan den BosGAMKromhoutDAge, time and cohort effects on functional status and self-rated health in elderly menAm J Public Health199787162051:STN:280:DyaK1c%2FitVaisA%3D%3D1381123935734210.2105/AJPH.87.10.1620 – reference: HuismanMKunstAEMackenbachJPSocioeconomic inequalities in morbidity among the elderly: a European overviewSoc Sci Med200357861731285011110.1016/S0277-9536(02)00454-9 – reference: KoskinenSAromaaAHuttunenJTeperiJHealth in FinlandNational Public Health Institute, National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Vammalan Kirjapaino Oy2006 – reference: JylhäMJokelaJTolvanenEThe Tampere Longitudinal Study on Aging. Description of the study. Basic results on health and functional abilityScand J Soc Med199247Suppl158 – reference: LasletPA fresh map of life: the emergence of a third age1989Cambridge, MAHarward University Press – reference: SteenBThe elderly yesterday, today and tomorrow: aspect on cohort differences from the gerontological and geriatric population studies in Göteborg, Sweden (H70)Arch Gerontol Geriatr200235Suppl.13597010.1016/S0167-4943(02)00130-9 – reference: SchoeniRFLiangJBennetJSugisawaHFukyaTCobayashiETrends in old-age functioning and disability in JapanPopul Stud200660395310.1080/00324720500462280 – reference: ParkerMGAhasicKThorslundMHealth changes among Swedish oldest old: prevalence rates from 1992 and 2002 show increasing health problemsJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci200560135151628257310.1093/gerona/60.10.1351 – reference: MantonKGRecent declines in chronic disability in the elderly US population: risk factors and future dynamicsAnn Rev Public Health2008299111310.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090812 – reference: PohjolainenPHeikkinenELyyraA-LHelinSTyrkköKSocioeconomic status, health and life-style in two elderly cohorts in JyväskyläScand J Soc Med199752Suppl.1651:STN:280:DyaK2szosFKrsA%3D%3D – reference: RobineJMMormichePCermetCExamination of the causes and mechanisms of the increase in disability-free life expectancyJ Aging Health1998101719110.1177/089826439801000204 – reference: CrimminsEMTrends in the health of the elderlyAnn Rev Public Health200425799810.1146/annurev.publhealth.25.102802.124401 – reference: Finkel D, Reynolds CA, McArdle JJ, Pedersen KL. Cohort differences in trajectories of cognitive aging. J Gerontol Psychol Sci 2007; P286-94. – reference: HeikkinenEBackground, design and methods of the Evergreen projectJ Aging Phys Act19986SpecialIssue10620 – reference: Statistics Finland 2009 |
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A mixed picture emerges from the international literature about secular and cohort changes in the health and functioning of older adults.... A mixed picture emerges from the international literature about secular and cohort changes in the health and functioning of older adults. We conducted a... |
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| SubjectTerms | Activities of Daily Living Aged Aging - physiology Aging - psychology Chronic Disease Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Female Finland - epidemiology Geriatric Assessment Geriatrics/Gerontology Health Status Humans Logistic Models Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Mortality Motor Activity Original Article Social Class |
| Title | Cohort differences in health, functioning and physical activity in the young-old Finnish population |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.3275/6932 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20308805 https://www.proquest.com/docview/876185456 |
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