Controlling Emissions During Cold Furnace Startup

A strategy that has been used in some ultra-low-NO^sub x^ burners in high-temperature cracking furnaces is the incorporation of a separate set of fuel injectors that are only used during startup. These so-called "startup tips" usually provide better mixing of the fuel and combustion air, a...

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Published inChemical engineering progress Vol. 103; no. 2; pp. 42 - 46
Main Authors Baukal, Charles E, Hong, Jianhui, Bussman, Wes, Waibel, Richard T
Format Magazine Article Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York American Institute of Chemical Engineers 01.02.2007
Subjects
Carbon monoxide
Chemical engineering
Cold
Effects
Emissions control
Equilibrium
Furnaces
Gases
Heat
Natural gas
Pollutants
Temperature
United States > US
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Abstract A strategy that has been used in some ultra-low-NO^sub x^ burners in high-temperature cracking furnaces is the incorporation of a separate set of fuel injectors that are only used during startup. These so-called "startup tips" usually provide better mixing of the fuel and combustion air, and do not induce as much furnace gas recirculation as the fuel injectors used during normal operation.
AbstractList Environmental regulations continue to reduce the allowable nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from process heaters. This has led to the development of ultra-low-NOx burners. Thermal NOx emissions are strongly dependent on temperature. Although equilibrium conditions are not attained in the flame, the figure shows the correlation between NON emissions and the reaction zone (flame) temperature. Therefore, most NOx-reduction techniques try to reduce the temperature of the flame and minimize the peak temperatures in the flame. Some of these techniques include steam or water injection into the flame, air and/or fuel staging, flue gas recirculation, ultra-lean premixing, and eliminating preheating of the fuel and/or combustion air.
A strategy that has been used in some ultra-low-NO^sub x^ burners in high-temperature cracking furnaces is the incorporation of a separate set of fuel injectors that are only used during startup. These so-called "startup tips" usually provide better mixing of the fuel and combustion air, and do not induce as much furnace gas recirculation as the fuel injectors used during normal operation.
Author Bussman, Wes
Hong, Jianhui
Waibel, Richard T
Baukal, Charles E
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Snippet A strategy that has been used in some ultra-low-NO^sub x^ burners in high-temperature cracking furnaces is the incorporation of a separate set of fuel...
Environmental regulations continue to reduce the allowable nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from process heaters. This has led to the development of...
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StartPage 42
SubjectTerms Carbon monoxide
Chemical engineering
Cold
Effects
Emissions control
Equilibrium
Furnaces
Gases
Heat
Natural gas
Pollutants
Temperature
Title Controlling Emissions During Cold Furnace Startup
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