Independent association between 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the renin-angiotensin system: The Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study

• Published in: Clinica chimica acta Vol. 411; no. 17-18; p. 1354
• Main Authors: Tomaschitz, Andreas, Pilz, Stefan, Ritz, Eberhard, Grammer, Tanja, Drechsler, Christiane, Boehm, Bernhard O, März, Winfried
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands 06.09.2010
• Subjects: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Renin-Angiotensin System; Risk Factors; Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives; Vitamin D - blood
• ISSN: 1873-3492; 1873-3492
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.05.037

Antihypertensive and tissue-protective properties of vitamin D metabolites are increasingly attributed to the inhibition of renin synthesis by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] in the kidney. We aimed to document a potential association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], 1,25(OH)2D and the circulating renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in a large cohort of patients referred (n=3316) to coronary angiography. Of the 3316 subjects, 3296 (median age: 63.5 (56.3-70.6)years; 30.2% women) had a baseline measurement of 25(OH)D [median: 15.6(10.1-23.0)microg/L)], 1,25(OH)2D [median: 33.2(25.2-42.9)pg/mL], plasma renin concentration [PRC; median: 11.4(6.0-24.6)pg/mL] and angiotensin 2 [median: 20.0(12.0-35.0)ng/L]. Multivariate adjusted ANCOVA showed a steady increase of PRC values across declining deciles of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D values (P=0.013 and P=0.045), respectively. Additionally, mean angiotensin 2 values increased significantly across decreasing 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D values (P=0.020 and P=0.024, respectively). In contrast, multivariate adjusted ANCOVA revealed no significant associations between aldosterone, aldosterone-to-renin ratio and 25(OH)D/1,25(OH)2D values. In multivariate stepwise regression analyses both, 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D emerged as independent predictors of plasma renin and angiotensin 2 concentrations. Our data showed for the first time in humans that both, lower 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D values are independently related to an upregulated circulating RAS.