Systematic Review for the 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines

• Published in: Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 71; no. 19; pp. 2176 - 2198
• Main Authors: Reboussin, David M, Allen, Norrina B, Griswold, Michael E, Guallar, Eliseo, Hong, Yuling, Lackland, Daniel T, Miller, 3rd, Edgar Pete R, Polonsky, Tamar, Thompson-Paul, Angela M, Vupputuri, Suma
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Limited 15.05.2018
• Subjects: Adult; Advisory Committees - standards; American Heart Association; Angiotensin; Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents - therapeutic use; Antihypertensives; Bayesian analysis; Blood pressure; Calcium; Cardiology; Cardiology - methods; Cardiology - standards; Cerebral infarction; Clinical medicine; Clinical practice guidelines; Clinical trials; Disease Management; Diuretics; Heart diseases; Heart failure; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension - diagnosis; Hypertension - epidemiology; Hypertension - therapy; Meta-analysis; Myocardial infarction; Peptidyl-dipeptidase A; Practice Guidelines as Topic - standards; Pressure measurement; Proliferating cell nuclear antigen; Research Report - standards; Stroke; Studies; Systematic review; Task forces; Thiazides; United States - epidemiology; United States; ACC/AHA Clinical Practice Guidelines; blood pressure; cardiovascular disease; treatment outcomes; Evidence Review Committee; meta-analysis; risk reduction; antihypertensive drug class; hypertension; targets; home blood pressure monitoring
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.004
• ISSN: 0735-1097; 1558-3597

To review the literature systematically and perform meta-analyses to address these questions: 1) Is there evidence that self-measured blood pressure (BP) without other augmentation is superior to office-based measurement of BP for achieving better BP control or for preventing adverse clinical outcomes that are related to elevated BP? 2) What is the optimal target for BP lowering during antihypertensive therapy in adults? 3) In adults with hypertension, how do various antihypertensive drug classes differ in their benefits and harms compared with each other as first-line therapy? Electronic literature searches were performed by Doctor Evidence, a global medical evidence software and services company, across PubMed and EMBASE from 1966 to 2015 using key words and relevant subject headings for randomized controlled trials that met eligibility criteria defined for each question. We performed analyses using traditional frequentist statistical and Bayesian approaches, including random-effects Bayesian network meta-analyses. Our results suggest that: 1) There is a modest but significant improvement in systolic BP in randomized controlled trials of self-measured BP versus usual care at 6 but not 12 months, and for selected patients and their providers self-measured BP may be a helpful adjunct to routine office care. 2) systolic BP lowering to a target of <130 mm Hg may reduce the risk of several important outcomes including risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and major cardiovascular events. No class of medications (i.e., angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, or beta blockers) was significantly better than thiazides and thiazide-like diuretics as a first-line therapy for any outcome.