A survey of the representativeness and usefulness of wastewater-based surveillance systems in 10 countries across Europe in 2023

• Published in: Euro surveillance : bulletin européen sur les maladies transmissibles Vol. 29; no. 33; p. 1
• Main Authors: Benedetti, Guido, Krogsgaard, Lene Wulff, Maritschnik, Sabine, Stüger, Hans Peter, Hutse, Veronik, Janssens, Raphael, Blomqvist, Soile, Pitkänen, Tarja, Koutsolioutsou, Anastasia, Róka, Eszter, Vargha, Marta, La Rosa, Giuseppina, Suffredini, Elisabetta, Cauchie, Henry-Michel, Ogorzaly, Leslie, van der Beek, Rudolf FHJ, Lodder, Willemijn J, Madslien, Elisabeth Henie, Lomba, Jose Antonio Baz, Ethelberg, Steen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Saint-Maurice Centre Europeen pour la Surveillance Epidemiologique du SIDA (European Centre for the Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS) 15.08.2024
• Subjects: Pathogens; Public health; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Surveillance; Europe
• ISSN: 1025-496X; 1560-7917; 1560-7917
• DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.33.2400096

Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) has become a widespread method to monitor transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other human pathogens in Europe. We conducted a survey about WBS systems' objectives, approaches, representativeness and usefulness in 10 invited European countries in 2023, i.e. Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Norway. All countries completed the study questionnaire about their SARS-CoV-2 WBS systems, and shared information about WBS of other pathogens as deemed relevant. SARS-CoV-2 WBS systems primarily monitored national and subnational trends (population coverage: 25–99%), and a majority (8/10) also tracked variant distribution. Nine of 10 countries reported that their SARS-CoV-2 WBS systems were representative of their population and all countries remarked that the findings were valuable for public health decision-making. Results were shared with relevant public health authorities and published via dedicated websites and/or dashboards. WBS systems of other pathogens were mostly in the early stages, with some countries implementing pilots. Notable exceptions were the well-established poliovirus surveillance systems in Finland, Italy and the Netherlands. This study brings understanding the diverse landscape of WBS in Europe, offering insights for future developments and collaborations. Furthermore, it highlights the need for further integration of WBS into other European surveillance systems.