Adsorption of p–nitrophenol on coconut shell granular activated carbon: Isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics

• Published in: Indian journal of chemical technology Vol. 24; no. 5; p. 471
• Main Authors: Achari, V Sivanandan, Jayasree, S, Rajalakshmi, A S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New Delhi Publications and Information Directorate, Council on Scientific and Industrial Research 01.09.2017
• Subjects: Activated carbon; Adsorption; Diffusion rate; Enthalpy; Entropy; Equilibrium conditions; Free energy; Gibbs free energy; Isotherms; Kinetics; Nitric acid; Nitrophenol; p-Nitrophenol; Surface diffusion; Temperature; Zinc; Zinc chloride
• ISSN: 0971-457X

Adsorption of p-nitrophenol by modified granular activated carbons based on coconut shell from aqueous solutions has been studied under laboratory conditions. Four granular activated carbons GAC383 (native form), GACO383 (its nitric acid oxidised form), GACZC1073 (native form incorporated with Zn2+ ions and activated at 1073) and GACOZC1073 (oxidised form impregnated with ZnCl2) have been used. Batch experiments have been carried out with variants being concentration, time, temperature and equilibrium conditions. Pseudo first, second order kinetic models, intraparticle diffusion models and Elovich kinetic model are applied to study the respective kinetics. Pseudo second order rate equations are found to be best suited for the adsorption systems. Equilibrium isotherm for concentration range (25-3000 mg/L) is analysed by Langmuir (L) and John - SivanandanAchari (J-SA) isotherm models. GACZC1073 has higher adsorption capacity (490.2 mg/g) than GACO383 (224.2 mg/g). The temperature on the adsorption of p- nitrophenol is studied at different temperatures. The thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy are calculated using Van’t Hoff equation. It is inferred that, the adsorption of p-nitrophenol on new modified carbons is endothermic and occurs through physisorption. This study reveals that Zn2+ ions impregnated activated carbon GACZC1073 has more adsorption efficiency evidenced by a high adsorption of rate α and surface diffusion Kid1 promoted by extra adsorption sites generated during activation.