Subjective memory complaints, personality and prefrontal symptomatology in young adults

• Published in: Revista de neurologiá Vol. 57; no. 7; pp. 289 - 296
• Main Authors: Pedrero-Pérez, Eduardo J, Ruiz-Sánchez de León, José M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English; Spanish
• Published: Spain 01.10.2013
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Age of Onset; Aged; Attention; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology); Emotions; Executive Function; Exploratory Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Memory Disorders - epidemiology; Memory Disorders - physiopathology; Memory Disorders - psychology; Middle Aged; Motivation; Personal Autonomy; Personality; Personality Inventory; Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology; Risk-Taking; Self Concept; Severity of Illness Index; Stress, Psychological - epidemiology; Stress, Psychological - psychology; Substance-Related Disorders - complications; Substance-Related Disorders - psychology; Surveys and Questionnaires; Symptom Assessment; Young Adult - psychology
• ISSN: 1576-6578
• DOI: 10.33588/rn.5707.2013234

This work explores two issues related with the appearance of subjective memory complaints in young adults: on the one hand, the possibility of the complaints being a result of attentional and executive deficits and, on the other, whether certain characteristics of the personality favour and modulate the clinical expression of these complaints. The Memory Failures of Everyday questionnaire, Spanish version, the Prefrontal Syndromes Inventory and the Revised Temperament and Character Inventory were administered to a sample of 1132 participants (900 from the general population and 232 on treatment for drug addiction). The correlation among the variables of the memory complaints, of prefrontal functioning in daily life and of the dimensions of personality proposed by Cloninger was explored. The causal relationships among the variables were studied using structural methods. A strong correlation was observed between cognitive complaints and prefrontal symptoms, suggesting that the complaints are, in fact, a result of an inadequate management of the attentional and executive functions that favours daily errors. A relationship with a large effect size is also observed between the cognitive complaints and low self-management. This dimension of the personality offers an important predictive capacity regarding the appearance and the intensity of the complaints, either directly or modulated by other dimensions, especially harm avoidance. The data back the idea that memory complaints are the result of the self-perception of daily faults and errors that are produced at the attentional and executive level -although they are taken as instances of mnemonic oversight- and that the clinical expression of these complaints is modulated by a profile of the personality.