「リスク」と「侵襲」と「Risk」

    The new national ethical guidelines for medical and health research involving human subjects were enacted in December 2014. The new Guidelines are the first governmental guidelines in which the ethical framework of “risk-benefit assessment” that is internationally recognized as a common normativ...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in生命倫理 Vol. 26; no. 1; pp. 4 - 14
Main Author 松井 健志
Format Journal Article
LanguageJapanese
Published 日本生命倫理学会 2016
Japan Association for Bioethics
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ISSN1343-4063
2189-695X
DOI10.20593/jabedit.26.1_4

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Summary:    The new national ethical guidelines for medical and health research involving human subjects were enacted in December 2014. The new Guidelines are the first governmental guidelines in which the ethical framework of “risk-benefit assessment” that is internationally recognized as a common normative framework of research ethics has been formally introduced in the Japanese regulatory system. The new Guidelines clearly distinguish “SINSHU” (invasiveness) which causes with certainty, by the Guidelines’ definition, injuries or distress to research subjects’ body and/or mind, from “RISUKU” (risks) which is defined as an uncertain possibility of harm. However, because the new Guidelines’ actual practical scheme of “risk-benefit assessment” is based ex parte on “SINSHU”, it not only has little conformity with the international risk-benefit framework, but also generates regulatory distortions in the human subjects protection and the assurance of integrity and transparency of research. This paper discusses those ethical issues concerning regulatory distortions in the new Guidelines.     2014年12月に策定された「人を対象とする医学系研究に関する倫理指針」(以下、「統合指針」)では、国内倫理指針としては初めて「リスク・ベネフィット評価」の考え方が明示的に導入された。統合指針では、実際に生じるか否かが不確定な危害の可能性を「リスク」、また、確定的に研究対象者の身体又は精神に生じる傷害又は負担を「侵襲」と新たに定義したうえで、実際の規制枠組みの基軸としては「侵襲」の一方のみを採用したが、その結果、統合指針は、国際的な倫理規範が用いるリスク概念との整合性を失うことになった。また、この整合性の喪失に伴って、統合指針には、それが本来志向する被験者保護の強化や研究の信頼性確保を阻害しかねないような様々な歪みが生じている。本論では、こうした統合指針の規制枠組みが抱える歪みに伴う問題点について分析を行う。
ISSN:1343-4063
2189-695X
DOI:10.20593/jabedit.26.1_4