Cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin changes during olfactory stimulations using near-infrared spectroscopy

In the present study, the purpose was to investigate whether it is feasible to evaluate the cerebral activity to olfactory sensation by measuring the relevant changes in the concentration of cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin during exposure to various types of smell stimuli in adult subjects, using nea...

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Published inOTOLOGIA FUKUOKA Vol. 52; no. 4; pp. 229 - 236
Main Authors RIKIMARU, Fumihide, KATO, Toshihiko, HARADA, Hirofumi, TANAKA, Masahiro
Format Journal Article
LanguageJapanese
Published JIBI TO RINSHO KAI 20.07.2006
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ISSN0447-7227
2185-1034
DOI10.11334/jibi1954.52.4_229

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Abstract In the present study, the purpose was to investigate whether it is feasible to evaluate the cerebral activity to olfactory sensation by measuring the relevant changes in the concentration of cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin during exposure to various types of smell stimuli in adult subjects, using nearinfrared spectroscopy. Regarding the near-infrared oxygen monitor unit, the NIRO-300 (Hammamatsu Photonics K. K., Japan) device was employed. The study subjects consisted of a total of 13 adults with normal olfaction, and as smell stimuli, vanilla essence, strawberry essence, and E5 of the T & T Olfactometer were used. A statistical evaluation was carried out using the t-test, with a p value of p<0.05 considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. In all of the odorant sources, the concentration of oxyhemoglobin showed a transient decrease after the initiation of the olfactory stimulation and thereafter exhibited an increase. Smell stimulus-evoked fluctuations in the concentration of oxyhemoglobin were though to reflect the cerebral activity of the orbital gyri of the frontal lobe that is said to be implicated in olfactory perception.
AbstractList In the present study, the purpose was to investigate whether it is feasible to evaluate the cerebral activity to olfactory sensation by measuring the relevant changes in the concentration of cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin during exposure to various types of smell stimuli in adult subjects, using nearinfrared spectroscopy. Regarding the near-infrared oxygen monitor unit, the NIRO-300 (Hammamatsu Photonics K. K., Japan) device was employed. The study subjects consisted of a total of 13 adults with normal olfaction, and as smell stimuli, vanilla essence, strawberry essence, and E5 of the T & T Olfactometer were used. A statistical evaluation was carried out using the t-test, with a p value of p<0.05 considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. In all of the odorant sources, the concentration of oxyhemoglobin showed a transient decrease after the initiation of the olfactory stimulation and thereafter exhibited an increase. Smell stimulus-evoked fluctuations in the concentration of oxyhemoglobin were though to reflect the cerebral activity of the orbital gyri of the frontal lobe that is said to be implicated in olfactory perception.
In the present study, the purpose was to investigate whether it is feasible to evaluate the cerebral activity to olfactory sensation by measuring the relevant changes in the concentration of cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin during exposure to various types of smell stimuli in adult subjects, using nearinfrared spectroscopy. Regarding the near-infrared oxygen monitor unit, the NIRO-300 (Hammamatsu Photonics K. K., Japan) device was employed. The study subjects consisted of a total of 13 adults with normal olfaction, and as smell stimuli, vanilla essence, strawberry essence, and E5 of the T & T Olfactometer were used. A statistical evaluation was carried out using the t-test, with a p value of p<0.05 considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. In all of the odorant sources, the concentration of oxyhemoglobin showed a transient decrease after the initiation of the olfactory stimulation and thereafter exhibited an increase. Smell stimulus-evoked fluctuations in the concentration of oxyhemoglobin were though to reflect the cerebral activity of the orbital gyri of the frontal lobe that is said to be implicated in olfactory perception. ニオイ刺激により、脳内酸化ヘモグロビン濃度の変化が前額部で最も著明に認められた。側頭部、頭頂部、後頭部では酸化ヘモグロビン濃度に明らかな変化を認めなかったことにより、前額部での脳内酸化ヘモグロビン濃度の測定は、嗅覚に関与しているといわれている前頭葉眼窩回における脳活動を反映しているのではないかと推測した。ニオイ刺激により、酸化ヘモグロビン濃度がいったん減少し、その後上昇する結果が得られた。これは、ニオイ刺激に対する脳活動亢進により酸化ヘモグロビンが消費されることでいったん減少し、その後脳活動亢進が進み脳血流量が増加することで酸化ヘモグロビン濃度が上昇したものと考えた。自覚的に不快なニオイや強いニオイほど酸化ヘモグロビン濃度の変化が大きいことが観察された。ニオイ刺激に対する脳活動の評価として、脳波、脳磁図、PETやfunctional MRIなどが用いられているが、近赤外線分光法も、ニオイ刺激に対する脳活動の評価を行う方法として有用であると考える。
Author KATO, Toshihiko
HARADA, Hirofumi
TANAKA, Masahiro
RIKIMARU, Fumihide
Author_FL 原田 博文
加藤 寿彦
田中 雅博
力丸 文秀
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  fullname: TANAKA, Masahiro
  organization: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
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References_xml – reference: 10) Sobel N et al: Sniffing and smelling-Separate subsystems in the huma n olfactory cortex. Nature 392: 282-286, 1998.
– reference: 21) Zald Pardo: Emotion, Olfaction, and the human amygdala-Amygdala activation durin g aversive olfactory stimulation-. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 4119-4124, 1997.
– reference: 1) 加藤寿彦他: 脳波を指標とした他覚的嗅覚検査. 味と匂誌2: 169-172, 1995.
– reference: 9) Koizuka et al: Functional imaging of the human olfactory cortex by magnetic resonanc e imaging. ORL 53: 273-275, 1994.
– reference: 11) Jobsis: Noninvasive, infrared monitoring of cerebral and myocardial oxygen sufficiency and circulatory parameters. Scie nce 198: 1264-1267, 1977.
– reference: 6) Tonoike et al: Ipsilateral dominance of human olfactory activated centers estimated from event-related magnetic fields measured by 122-channel whole-head neuromag netmeter using odorant stimuli synchronized with respirations. Olfaction and Taste XII, ed by Murphy C. Ann NY Acad Sci 855: 579-590, 1998.
– reference: 15) T Ishimaru et al: Near-infrared spectroscopy of the adult human olfactory cortex. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 553: 95-98, 2004.
– reference: 3) 外池光雄: ヒトの無侵襲計測一大脳皮質嗅覚野. 神経進歩43: 779-786, 1999.
– reference: 8) Quenshy et al: Functional Mapping of human brain in olfactory processing-A P ET study. Am J Physiol 84: 1656-1666, 2000.
– reference: 13) A Villringer et al: Near infrared spectroscopy-A new tool to study hemod ynamic changes during activation of b rain function in human adults-. Neurosci Lett 15-4: 101-104, 1993.
– reference: 20) Lie H et al: Influence of blood vessels on the measurement of hemoglobin oxygenation as determined by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy. Med Phys 22: 1209-1217, 1995.
– reference: 22) Zaramella et al: Brain auditory activation measured by near-infrared spectro scopy in neonates. Pediatr Res 49: 213-219, 2001.
– reference: 4) 外池光雄・山口雅彦: ヒト嗅覚の非侵襲的、他覚的計測と解析. 味と匂誌6: 41-54, 1999.
– reference: 5) 外池光雄: 脳のMEG非侵襲計測. 耳喉頭頸74: 483-491, 2002.
– reference: 14) M Bartocci et al: Cerebral hemodynamic response to unpleasant odors in the preterm newborn measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. Pediatr Res 50: 324-330, 2001.
– reference: 16) 渡辺英寿: 近赤外線脳血流マッピング法. CLINICAL NEUROSIENCE 17: 94-95, 1999.
– reference: 12) 小西郁夫: 近赤外分光法による無侵襲酸素モニタ. 組織培養工学26: 33-36, 2000.
– reference: 7) Zatorre et al: Functional localization and lateralization of human olfactory cortex. Nature 360: 339-340, 1992.
– reference: 2) 肥塚泉他: 嗅覚誘発電位検査. JOHNS 13: 779-784, 1997.
– reference: 19) Firbank F et al: Experimental and theoretical comparison of NIR spectroscopy measurements of cerebral hemoglobin changes. J Appl Physiol 85: 1915-1921, 1998.
– reference: 18) 灰田宗孝: 脳機能計測における光トポグラフィー信号の意味. MEDIX 36: 17-21, 2002.
– reference: 17) 落合亮一: 近赤外線分光法による頭蓋内ヘモグロビン濃度測定. 集中治療12: 129-137, 2000.
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脳内酸化ヘモグロビン濃度
近赤外線分光法
Title Cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin changes during olfactory stimulations using near-infrared spectroscopy
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