間葉系幹細胞による関節リウマチの骨軟骨再生へのアプローチ

関節リウマチ(RA)は関節炎と関節の構造的障害を特徴とする疾患で,進行すると身体機能障害を引き起こし,就労率の低下や介護といった社会資源の損失をもたらす.元来RAは進行性の疾患と考えられていたが,近年の治療の進歩により関節破壊の完全な進展抑制が現実的となった.しかし,罹病期間が長く新治療の恩恵を受けられなかった,または新治療によっても疾患活動性が制御できないなどの理由で進行した関節破壊を呈する患者は稀でなく,破壊関節を再生しうる治療法の開発が待たれている.我々は,骨・軟骨に分化可能で抗炎症作用を持つ間葉系幹細胞(MSC)による治療をRAの新規治療法として位置づけ,これまでにMSCが破骨細胞分化...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inJOURNAL OF UOEH Vol. 36; no. 2; pp. 141 - 146
Main Authors 田中, 良哉, 山岡, 邦宏, 園本, 格士朗
Format Journal Article
LanguageJapanese
Published 学校法人 産業医科大学 01.06.2014
産業医科大学
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0387-821X
2187-2864
DOI10.7888/juoeh.36.141

Cover

Abstract 関節リウマチ(RA)は関節炎と関節の構造的障害を特徴とする疾患で,進行すると身体機能障害を引き起こし,就労率の低下や介護といった社会資源の損失をもたらす.元来RAは進行性の疾患と考えられていたが,近年の治療の進歩により関節破壊の完全な進展抑制が現実的となった.しかし,罹病期間が長く新治療の恩恵を受けられなかった,または新治療によっても疾患活動性が制御できないなどの理由で進行した関節破壊を呈する患者は稀でなく,破壊関節を再生しうる治療法の開発が待たれている.我々は,骨・軟骨に分化可能で抗炎症作用を持つ間葉系幹細胞(MSC)による治療をRAの新規治療法として位置づけ,これまでにMSCが破骨細胞分化抑制作用を持つこと,炎症がMSCの骨芽細胞分化を促進し,軟骨細胞分化を抑制することを報告した.さらに現在,足場によるMSC移植システムを構築中であり,RA患者への臨床応用は着実に近づきつつあると考えられる.
AbstractList 関節リウマチ(RA)は関節炎と関節の構造的障害を特徴とする疾患で,進行すると身体機能障害を引き起こし,就労率の低下や介護といった社会資源の損失をもたらす.元来RAは進行性の疾患と考えられていたが,近年の治療の進歩により関節破壊の完全な進展抑制が現実的となった.しかし,罹病期間が長く新治療の恩恵を受けられなかった,または新治療によっても疾患活動性が制御できないなどの理由で進行した関節破壊を呈する患者は稀でなく,破壊関節を再生しうる治療法の開発が待たれている.我々は,骨・軟骨に分化可能で抗炎症作用を持つ間葉系幹細胞(MSC)による治療をRAの新規治療法として位置づけ,これまでにMSCが破骨細胞分化抑制作用を持つこと,炎症がMSCの骨芽細胞分化を促進し,軟骨細胞分化を抑制することを報告した.さらに現在,足場によるMSC移植システムを構築中であり,RA患者への臨床応用は着実に近づきつつあると考えられる.
「要旨」:関節リウマチ(RA)は関節炎と関節の構造的障害を特徴とする疾患で, 進行すると身体機能障害を引き起こし, 就労率の低下や介護といった社会資源の損失をもたらす. 元来RAは進行性の疾患と考えられていたが, 近年の治療の進歩により関節破壊の完全な進展抑制が現実的となった. しかし, 罹病期間が長く新治療の恩恵を受けられなかった, または新治療によっても疾患活動性が制御できないなどの理由で進行した関節破壊を呈する患者は稀でなく, 破壊関節を再生しうる治療法の開発が待たれている. 我々は, 骨・軟骨に分化可能で抗炎症作用を持つ間葉系幹細胞(MSC)による治療をRAの新規治療法として位置づけ, これまでにMSCが破骨細胞分化抑制作用を持つこと, 炎症がMSCの骨芽細胞分化を促進し, 軟骨細胞分化を抑制することを報告した. さらに現在, 足場によるMSC移植システムを構築中であり, RA患者への臨床応用は着実に近づきつつあると考えられる.
Author 田中, 良哉
園本, 格士朗
山岡, 邦宏
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  fullname: 田中, 良哉
  organization: 産業医科大学 医学部 第1内科学講座
– sequence: 1
  fullname: 山岡, 邦宏
  organization: 産業医科大学 医学部 第1内科学講座
– sequence: 1
  fullname: 園本, 格士朗
  organization: 産業医科大学 医学部 分子生物学講座
BookMark eNo1kE1LAkEYx4cwyMxbX0Ob9909RUhZIHQx6DbMrmPuomuseuiWLkQRHaKwW4KHCKMXqENi32YQ9Vs0al3-_-f198CzDhJhPVQAbCKYtWzb3gpadVXJEp5FFK2AJEa2lcE2pwmQhMTENkbHayDdaPguhNAhFqEwCYqz7t309mryORoPh5Ovj2n8qNsvunOpO9ezbn_yfq7jge48aVOP27r9Nhs8T0c9o-OLm8l9T7e_TVF3-jp-0PGrjn_M2AZYLctqQ6X_PAWO9naLuf1M4TB_kNspZALsUJZBJYoRo9x1XNdmLlVly1KSmsC1OCOcU8oJKkmKpXSUA7HFHMYUK3OuXK_skBTIL7k1VfI9Wa2HVT9UIqi3otDcFSWPLb4iMERUQEg4xMa4MCmaC8eY2wzNSdtLUtBoyhMlTiO_JqMzIaOm71UNcoEhXOC5zLf_O15FRiKQ5BcUvJHB
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2014 産業医科大学
Copyright_xml – notice: 2014 産業医科大学
CorporateAuthor 産業医科大学医学部第内科学講座
産業医科大学医学部分子生物学講座
CorporateAuthor_xml – name: 産業医科大学医学部第内科学講座
– name: 産業医科大学医学部分子生物学講座
DOI 10.7888/juoeh.36.141
DatabaseTitleList

DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
EISSN 2187-2864
EndPage 146
ExternalDocumentID dc5juoeh_2014_003602_006_0141_01462268519
article_juoeh_36_2_36_141_article_char_ja
GroupedDBID ---
5GY
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
F5P
JMI
JSF
JSH
KQ8
MOJWN
RJT
RZJ
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-j2945-1d421546b9bb85b4ef77ea4b4eb76536644631da42aa9e90275955e5f66ebcf93
ISSN 0387-821X
IngestDate Thu Jul 10 16:12:08 EDT 2025
Wed Sep 03 05:57:28 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed false
IsScholarly true
Issue 2
Language Japanese
LinkModel OpenURL
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-j2945-1d421546b9bb85b4ef77ea4b4eb76536644631da42aa9e90275955e5f66ebcf93
OpenAccessLink https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/juoeh/36/2/36_141/_article/-char/ja
PageCount 6
ParticipantIDs medicalonline_journals_dc5juoeh_2014_003602_006_0141_01462268519
jstage_primary_article_juoeh_36_2_36_141_article_char_ja
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2014/06/01
20140601
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2014-06-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 06
  year: 2014
  text: 2014/06/01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationTitle JOURNAL OF UOEH
PublicationTitleAlternate 産業医大誌
PublicationYear 2014
Publisher 学校法人 産業医科大学
産業医科大学
Publisher_xml – name: 学校法人 産業医科大学
– name: 産業医科大学
References 6. エーザイ株式会社 & アッヴィ合同会社 (2012):ヒュミラ適正使用情報 7: 4
8. Campagnoli C, Roberts IA, Kumar S, Bennett PR, Bellantuono I & Fisk NM (2001): Identification of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells in human first-trimester fetal blood, liver, and bone marrow. Blood 98: 2396-2402
24. Baron R & Kneissel M (2013): WNT signaling in bone homeostasis and disease: from human mutations to treatments. Nat Med 19: 179-192
25. Sonomoto K, Yamaoka K, Oshita K, Fukuyo S, Zhang X, Nakano K, Okada Y & Tanaka Y (2012): Interleukin-1beta induces differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts via the Wnt-5a/receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 pathway. Arthritis Rheum 64: 3355-3363
11. Zuk PA, Zhu M, Ashjian P, De Ugarte DA , Huang JI, Mizuno H, Alfonso ZC, Fraser JK, Benhaim P & Hedrick MH (2002): Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells. Mol Biol Cell 13: 4279-4295
29. Gao J, Dennis JE, Muzic RF, Lundberg M & Caplan AI (2001): The dynamic in vivo distribution of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells after infusion. Cells Tissues Organs 169: 12-20
7. Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, Mosca JD, Moorman MA, Simonetti DW, Craig S & Marshak DR (1999): Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science 284: 143-147
31. Perez-Cano R, Vranckx JJ, Lasso JM, Calabrese C, Merck B, Milstein AM, Sassoon E, Delay E & Weiler-Mithoff EM (2012): Prospective trial of adipose-derived regenerative cell (ADRC)-enriched fat grafting for partial mastectomy defects: the RESTORE-2 trial. Eur J Surg Oncol 38: 382-389
32. Fukuyo S, Yamaoka K, Sonomoto K, Oshita K, Okada Y, Saito K, Yoshida Y, Kanazawa T, Minami Y & Tanaka Y (2014): IL-6-accelerated calcification by induction of ROR2 in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells is STAT3-dependent. Rheumatology (Oxford) (in press)
1. Lipsky PE (2008): Rheumatoid arthritis. In: Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. 17th. (Harrison TR ed). McGraw-Hill, New York pp 2083-2092
27. Chabaud M, Durand JM, Buchs N, Fossiez F, Page G, Frappart L & Miossec P (1999): Human interleukin-17: A T cell-derived proinflammatory cytokine produced by the rheumatoid synovium. Arthritis Rheum 42: 963-970
9. In’t Anker PS, Scherjon SA, Kleijburg-van der Keur C, Noort WA, Claas FH, Willemze R, Fibbe WE & Kanhai HH (2003): Amniotic fluid as a novel source of mesenchymal stem cells for therapeutic transplantation. Blood 102: 1548-1549
10. Nakahara H, Dennis JE, Bruder SP, Haynesworth SE, Lennon DP & Caplan AI (1991): In vitro differentiation of bone and hypertrophic cartilage from periosteal-derived cells. Exp Cell Res 195: 492-503
19. Walsh NC, Reinwald S, Manning CA, Condon KW, Iwata K, Burr DB & Gravallese EM (2009): Osteoblast function is compromised at sites of focal bone erosion in inflammatory arthritis. J Bone Miner Res 24: 1572-1585
12. Uccelli A, Moretta L & Pistoia V (2008): Mesenchymal stem cells in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 8: 726-736
3. Takeuchi T, Yamanaka H, Inoue E et al (2008): Retrospective clinical study on the notable efficacy and related factors of infliximab therapy in a rheumatoid arthritis management group in Japan: one-year outcome of joint destruction (RECONFIRM-2J). Mod Rheumatol 18: 447-454
22. Habas R, Dawid IB & He X (2003): Coactivation of Rac and Rho by Wnt/Frizzled signaling is required for vertebrate gastrulation. Genes Dev 17: 295-309
15. Takayanagi H (2009): Osteoimmunology and the effects of the immune system on bone. Nat Rev Rheumatol 5: 667-676
2. Tanaka Y, Takeuchi T, Inoue E et al (2008): Retrospective clinical study on the notable efficacy and related factors of infliximab therapy in a rheumatoid arthritis management group in Japan: one-year clinical outcomes (RECONFIRM-2). Mod Rheumatol 18: 146-152
4. Fuchs HA, Kaye JJ, Callahan LF, Nance EP & Pincus T (1989): Evidence of significant radiographic damage in rheumatoid arthritis within the first 2 years of disease. J Rheumatol 16: 585-591
13. Le Blanc K, Frassoni F, Ball L et al (2008): Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of steroid-resistant, severe, acute graft-versus-host disease: a phase II study. Lancet 371: 1579-1586
5. Takeuchi T, Tatsuki Y, Nogami Y et al (2008): Postmarketing surveillance of the safety profile of infliximab in 5000 Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 67: 189-194
18. Oshita K, Yamaoka K & Tanaka Y (2013): Regulation of osteoclastogenesis by human mesenchymal stem cells leading to application of a novel treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. J UOEH 35: 33-37
20. Moon RT, Bowerman B, Boutros M & Perrimon N (2002): The promise and perils of Wnt signaling through beta-catenin. Science 296: 1644-1646
28. Kondo M, Yamaoka K, Sonomoto K, Fukuyo S, Oshita K, Okada Y & Tanaka Y (2013): IL-17 inhibits chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 8: e79463
21. Wang HY & Malbon CC (2003): Wnt signaling, Ca2+, and cyclic GMP: visualizing Frizzled functions. Science 300: 1529-1530
30. Gonzalez MA, Gonzalez-Rey E, Rico L, Buscher D & Delgado M (2009): Treatment of experimental arthritis by inducing immune tolerance with human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Arthritis Rheum 60: 1006-1019
17. Oshita K, Yamaoka K, Udagawa N et al (2011): Human mesenchymal stem cells inhibit osteoclastogenesis through osteoprotegerin production. Arthritis Rheum 63: 1658-1667
16. Gravallese EM, Manning C, Tsay A, Naito A, Pan C, Amento E & Goldring SR (2000): Synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis is a source of osteoclast differentiation factor. Arthritis Rheum 43: 250-258
26. Wehling N, Palmer GD, Pilapil C, Liu F, Wells JW, Muller PE, Evans CH & Porter RM (2009): Interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibit chondrogenesis by human mesenchymal stem cells through NF-kB-dependent pathways. Arthritis Rheum 60: 801-812
33. Sonomoto K, Yamaoka K, Zhang X & Tanaka Y (2012): Mesenchymal stem cells: A new treatment tool for rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammation Regenerat 32: 188-192
14. Udagawa N, Takahashi N, Yasuda H et al (2000): Osteoprotegerin produced by osteoblasts is an important regulator in osteoclast development and function. Endocrinology 141: 3478-3484
23. Lories RJ, Corr M & Lane NE (2013): To Wnt or not to Wnt: the bone and joint health dilemma. Nat Rev Rheumatol 9: 328-339
References_xml – reference: 7. Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, Mosca JD, Moorman MA, Simonetti DW, Craig S & Marshak DR (1999): Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science 284: 143-147
– reference: 10. Nakahara H, Dennis JE, Bruder SP, Haynesworth SE, Lennon DP & Caplan AI (1991): In vitro differentiation of bone and hypertrophic cartilage from periosteal-derived cells. Exp Cell Res 195: 492-503
– reference: 33. Sonomoto K, Yamaoka K, Zhang X & Tanaka Y (2012): Mesenchymal stem cells: A new treatment tool for rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammation Regenerat 32: 188-192
– reference: 8. Campagnoli C, Roberts IA, Kumar S, Bennett PR, Bellantuono I & Fisk NM (2001): Identification of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells in human first-trimester fetal blood, liver, and bone marrow. Blood 98: 2396-2402
– reference: 18. Oshita K, Yamaoka K & Tanaka Y (2013): Regulation of osteoclastogenesis by human mesenchymal stem cells leading to application of a novel treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. J UOEH 35: 33-37
– reference: 28. Kondo M, Yamaoka K, Sonomoto K, Fukuyo S, Oshita K, Okada Y & Tanaka Y (2013): IL-17 inhibits chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 8: e79463
– reference: 30. Gonzalez MA, Gonzalez-Rey E, Rico L, Buscher D & Delgado M (2009): Treatment of experimental arthritis by inducing immune tolerance with human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Arthritis Rheum 60: 1006-1019
– reference: 14. Udagawa N, Takahashi N, Yasuda H et al (2000): Osteoprotegerin produced by osteoblasts is an important regulator in osteoclast development and function. Endocrinology 141: 3478-3484
– reference: 17. Oshita K, Yamaoka K, Udagawa N et al (2011): Human mesenchymal stem cells inhibit osteoclastogenesis through osteoprotegerin production. Arthritis Rheum 63: 1658-1667
– reference: 22. Habas R, Dawid IB & He X (2003): Coactivation of Rac and Rho by Wnt/Frizzled signaling is required for vertebrate gastrulation. Genes Dev 17: 295-309
– reference: 3. Takeuchi T, Yamanaka H, Inoue E et al (2008): Retrospective clinical study on the notable efficacy and related factors of infliximab therapy in a rheumatoid arthritis management group in Japan: one-year outcome of joint destruction (RECONFIRM-2J). Mod Rheumatol 18: 447-454
– reference: 25. Sonomoto K, Yamaoka K, Oshita K, Fukuyo S, Zhang X, Nakano K, Okada Y & Tanaka Y (2012): Interleukin-1beta induces differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts via the Wnt-5a/receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 pathway. Arthritis Rheum 64: 3355-3363
– reference: 9. In’t Anker PS, Scherjon SA, Kleijburg-van der Keur C, Noort WA, Claas FH, Willemze R, Fibbe WE & Kanhai HH (2003): Amniotic fluid as a novel source of mesenchymal stem cells for therapeutic transplantation. Blood 102: 1548-1549
– reference: 31. Perez-Cano R, Vranckx JJ, Lasso JM, Calabrese C, Merck B, Milstein AM, Sassoon E, Delay E & Weiler-Mithoff EM (2012): Prospective trial of adipose-derived regenerative cell (ADRC)-enriched fat grafting for partial mastectomy defects: the RESTORE-2 trial. Eur J Surg Oncol 38: 382-389
– reference: 4. Fuchs HA, Kaye JJ, Callahan LF, Nance EP & Pincus T (1989): Evidence of significant radiographic damage in rheumatoid arthritis within the first 2 years of disease. J Rheumatol 16: 585-591
– reference: 21. Wang HY & Malbon CC (2003): Wnt signaling, Ca2+, and cyclic GMP: visualizing Frizzled functions. Science 300: 1529-1530
– reference: 16. Gravallese EM, Manning C, Tsay A, Naito A, Pan C, Amento E & Goldring SR (2000): Synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis is a source of osteoclast differentiation factor. Arthritis Rheum 43: 250-258
– reference: 24. Baron R & Kneissel M (2013): WNT signaling in bone homeostasis and disease: from human mutations to treatments. Nat Med 19: 179-192
– reference: 32. Fukuyo S, Yamaoka K, Sonomoto K, Oshita K, Okada Y, Saito K, Yoshida Y, Kanazawa T, Minami Y & Tanaka Y (2014): IL-6-accelerated calcification by induction of ROR2 in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells is STAT3-dependent. Rheumatology (Oxford) (in press)
– reference: 12. Uccelli A, Moretta L & Pistoia V (2008): Mesenchymal stem cells in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 8: 726-736
– reference: 19. Walsh NC, Reinwald S, Manning CA, Condon KW, Iwata K, Burr DB & Gravallese EM (2009): Osteoblast function is compromised at sites of focal bone erosion in inflammatory arthritis. J Bone Miner Res 24: 1572-1585
– reference: 20. Moon RT, Bowerman B, Boutros M & Perrimon N (2002): The promise and perils of Wnt signaling through beta-catenin. Science 296: 1644-1646
– reference: 29. Gao J, Dennis JE, Muzic RF, Lundberg M & Caplan AI (2001): The dynamic in vivo distribution of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells after infusion. Cells Tissues Organs 169: 12-20
– reference: 5. Takeuchi T, Tatsuki Y, Nogami Y et al (2008): Postmarketing surveillance of the safety profile of infliximab in 5000 Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 67: 189-194
– reference: 26. Wehling N, Palmer GD, Pilapil C, Liu F, Wells JW, Muller PE, Evans CH & Porter RM (2009): Interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibit chondrogenesis by human mesenchymal stem cells through NF-kB-dependent pathways. Arthritis Rheum 60: 801-812
– reference: 13. Le Blanc K, Frassoni F, Ball L et al (2008): Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of steroid-resistant, severe, acute graft-versus-host disease: a phase II study. Lancet 371: 1579-1586
– reference: 2. Tanaka Y, Takeuchi T, Inoue E et al (2008): Retrospective clinical study on the notable efficacy and related factors of infliximab therapy in a rheumatoid arthritis management group in Japan: one-year clinical outcomes (RECONFIRM-2). Mod Rheumatol 18: 146-152
– reference: 27. Chabaud M, Durand JM, Buchs N, Fossiez F, Page G, Frappart L & Miossec P (1999): Human interleukin-17: A T cell-derived proinflammatory cytokine produced by the rheumatoid synovium. Arthritis Rheum 42: 963-970
– reference: 1. Lipsky PE (2008): Rheumatoid arthritis. In: Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. 17th. (Harrison TR ed). McGraw-Hill, New York pp 2083-2092
– reference: 15. Takayanagi H (2009): Osteoimmunology and the effects of the immune system on bone. Nat Rev Rheumatol 5: 667-676
– reference: 11. Zuk PA, Zhu M, Ashjian P, De Ugarte DA , Huang JI, Mizuno H, Alfonso ZC, Fraser JK, Benhaim P & Hedrick MH (2002): Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells. Mol Biol Cell 13: 4279-4295
– reference: 23. Lories RJ, Corr M & Lane NE (2013): To Wnt or not to Wnt: the bone and joint health dilemma. Nat Rev Rheumatol 9: 328-339
– reference: 6. エーザイ株式会社 & アッヴィ合同会社 (2012):ヒュミラ適正使用情報 7: 4
SSID ssib000937340
ssib005880083
ssib002003621
ssib002223251
ssib003110333
ssj0058415
ssib038586123
ssib058494281
ssib023159018
Score 1.9959918
Snippet ...
「要旨」:関節リウマチ(RA)は関節炎と関節の構造的障害を特徴とする疾患で, 進行すると身体機能障害を引き起こし, 就労率の低下や介護といった社会資源の損失をもたらす. 元来RAは進行性の疾患と考えられていたが, 近年の治療の進歩により関節破壊の完全な進展抑制が現実的となった. しかし,...
SourceID medicalonline
jstage
SourceType Publisher
StartPage 141
SubjectTerms 間葉系幹細胞
関節リウマチ
Title 間葉系幹細胞による関節リウマチの骨軟骨再生へのアプローチ
URI https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/juoeh/36/2/36_141/_article/-char/ja
http://mol.medicalonline.jp/en/journal/download?GoodsID=dc5juoeh/2014/003602/006&name=0141-0146j
Volume 36
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
ispartofPNX Journal of UOEH, 2014/06/01, Vol.36(2), pp.141-146
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnR1da9RAMNT6IogoKtYv-uA-SUqyX9l9M7nmKIqK0ELfQnKXQw5si7YvPnl3IIr4IEp9s9AHkYofoKCl_ptQrv0XzmySu60o1EJY5jazM7szu7czm91Zx7kmVFvmKYzvPM09lyvacjOwG9xcpTLgWnmBuabz9h05t8BvLorFiWM_rF1La6vZTOvxX8-VHEWrkAd6xVOy_6HZEVHIABj0CyloGNJD6ZjEmmhJNCOxItonSpM4IBEjUURiQSKND-ZwEnmIoxjRMYkZ2I8kjAxAiVI1EFUEQ4qlwiZug8BXjIRhhRPKKqeiY0hVBGMsDpihQl5QB920cgRRkqhZpKy5eWVKRcoqXrKgNYug5j5bAVFjxPQfVvXC3Xj08atihU3nyAfIQIcyctDYOqgSiE7pMT7IzMcHAaiIX-LruuECK6maNr5uEA31lQiEjRIfBOiZqgI-M3I2r8sdwvUSi8_HW8HMoDDos4aPIQDcAQBlamHqH8JzvWoSkEUkUwAF2zAaB5UF2A2QEEe4pmj922OQY0XN_UEwMZs8ML8Cl6oyzHs9XTFpDUtqzT1-GUGsMmOqld0_Z0hc8cAZcm05vz_D5Myo0IGY41WPTgxawmRCMQHcpH6DZwKTLjgmx2kQmP0Rt-5Zdj0YvcwKIkRN2CPLTgSjlAp7YvE9ZvkdAmYV65oC8EHwiPSIPn7Mlv7YrgUjWoMbPdrbBb_Lq0tqmZYnXsxqj91ysDq74INhcI2TD8rvomV8GsvEnD_tnKp68XRYNv6MM9FNzzrz--uv9149H37b2d3eHn7_ujd4V_Q-Fv1nRf_F_vrm8MuTYrBV9N8XkD_oFb3P-1sf9nY2IN19-nL4ZqPo_YTMor9ZDN4Wg0_F4BegnXMWmvF8Y86trkJxu1Rz4fptDrY5l5nOMiUynneCIE85AFkgBZPg1Ujmt1NO01TnGvciaCFy0ZEyz1odzc47k0vLS_kFZ7qV5W0tvA4PZMbbHU8HUKrFeVvRjOVMTTmqFEqyUsa7SQ7dG6acGwfEmFT_lY-SdkuUpXF4YTxi6dHEbKlFMhjACtxAcP70xaNzv-ScGA_ey87k6sO1_Ap4DKvZVdM7fwNZIOjq
linkProvider Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E9%96%93%E8%91%89%E7%B3%BB%E5%B9%B9%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E9%96%A2%E7%AF%80%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%9E%E3%83%81%E3%81%AE%E9%AA%A8%E8%BB%9F%E9%AA%A8%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E3%81%B8%E3%81%AE%E3%82%A2%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+UOEH&rft.au=%E7%94%B0%E4%B8%AD%2C+%E8%89%AF%E5%93%89&rft.au=%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%A1%2C+%E9%82%A6%E5%AE%8F&rft.au=%E5%9C%92%E6%9C%AC%2C+%E6%A0%BC%E5%A3%AB%E6%9C%97&rft.date=2014-06-01&rft.pub=%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%BA+%E7%94%A3%E6%A5%AD%E5%8C%BB%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&rft.issn=0387-821X&rft.eissn=2187-2864&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=141&rft.epage=146&rft_id=info:doi/10.7888%2Fjuoeh.36.141&rft.externalDocID=article_juoeh_36_2_36_141_article_char_ja
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0387-821X&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0387-821X&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0387-821X&client=summon