減圧障害の最善の対処法は何か? -初期対応の酸素吸入と高圧酸素治療について
環境圧の不適切な低下で生ずる減圧障害は,気泡が原因の減圧症と肺の気圧外傷後の動脈ガス塞栓症の2つの病態を含んだものである.この治療法では高圧酸素治療の1つである酸素再圧治療が標準的と考えられてきたが,ランダム化比較試験での有効性は確認されていない.この治療の効果を客観的に評価するために,減圧障害のすべての病状,特に神経症状に対する治療効果を文献的に検討した.その結果,重症の減圧障害,なかでも脊髄障害では早期あるいは超早期に酸素再圧治療の有効性を積極的に支持する結果は明らかではなかった.一方で,初期対応としての酸素吸入は高い比率で減圧障害のすべての病状の改善ないし進行防止につながっていた.このよ...
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Published in | JOURNAL OF UOEH Vol. 43; no. 2; pp. 243 - 254 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | Japanese |
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学校法人 産業医科大学
01.06.2021
産業医科大学 |
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Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 0387-821X 2187-2864 |
DOI | 10.7888/juoeh.43.243 |
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Abstract | 環境圧の不適切な低下で生ずる減圧障害は,気泡が原因の減圧症と肺の気圧外傷後の動脈ガス塞栓症の2つの病態を含んだものである.この治療法では高圧酸素治療の1つである酸素再圧治療が標準的と考えられてきたが,ランダム化比較試験での有効性は確認されていない.この治療の効果を客観的に評価するために,減圧障害のすべての病状,特に神経症状に対する治療効果を文献的に検討した.その結果,重症の減圧障害,なかでも脊髄障害では早期あるいは超早期に酸素再圧治療の有効性を積極的に支持する結果は明らかではなかった.一方で,初期対応としての酸素吸入は高い比率で減圧障害のすべての病状の改善ないし進行防止につながっていた.このような状況のなかで,国際的な高気圧・潜水医学の専門委員会は軽症の減圧障害には酸素再圧治療を行わなくても対処可能としている.今後の課題は減圧障害のなかでも高頻度の脊髄障害に対する酸素再圧治療と酸素吸入との比較検討が必要と考えられる.さらに,わが国で潜水作業や圧気土木作業を規定している高気圧作業安全衛生規則の問題を指摘してきたが,科学的根拠に基づいた改正が必要であると思われる. |
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AbstractList | 要旨: 環境圧の不適切な低下で生ずる減圧障害は, 気泡が原因の減圧症と肺の気圧外傷後の動脈ガス塞栓症の2つの病態を含んだものである. この治療法では高圧酸素治療の1つである酸素再圧治療が標準的と考えられてきたが, ランダム化比較試験での有効性は確認されていない. この治療の効果を客観的に評価するために, 減圧障害のすべての病状, 特に神経症状に対する治療効果を文献的に検討した. その結果, 重症の減圧障害, なかでも脊髄障害では早期あるいは超早期に酸素再圧治療の有効性を積極的に支持する結果は明らかではなかった. 一方で, 初期対応としての酸素吸入は高い比率で減圧障害のすべての病状の改善ないし進行防止につながっていた. このような状況のなかで, 国際的な高気圧・潜水医学の専門委員会は軽症の減圧障害には酸素再圧治療を行わなくても対処可能としている. 今後の課題は減圧障害のなかでも高頻度の脊髄障害に対する酸素再圧治療と酸素吸入との比較検討が必要と考えられる. さらに, わが国で潜水作業や圧気土木作業を規定している高気圧作業安全衛生規則の問題を指摘してきたが, 科学的根拠に基づいた改正が必要であると思われる. 環境圧の不適切な低下で生ずる減圧障害は,気泡が原因の減圧症と肺の気圧外傷後の動脈ガス塞栓症の2つの病態を含んだものである.この治療法では高圧酸素治療の1つである酸素再圧治療が標準的と考えられてきたが,ランダム化比較試験での有効性は確認されていない.この治療の効果を客観的に評価するために,減圧障害のすべての病状,特に神経症状に対する治療効果を文献的に検討した.その結果,重症の減圧障害,なかでも脊髄障害では早期あるいは超早期に酸素再圧治療の有効性を積極的に支持する結果は明らかではなかった.一方で,初期対応としての酸素吸入は高い比率で減圧障害のすべての病状の改善ないし進行防止につながっていた.このような状況のなかで,国際的な高気圧・潜水医学の専門委員会は軽症の減圧障害には酸素再圧治療を行わなくても対処可能としている.今後の課題は減圧障害のなかでも高頻度の脊髄障害に対する酸素再圧治療と酸素吸入との比較検討が必要と考えられる.さらに,わが国で潜水作業や圧気土木作業を規定している高気圧作業安全衛生規則の問題を指摘してきたが,科学的根拠に基づいた改正が必要であると思われる. |
Author | 森松, 嘉孝 錦織, 秀治 合志, 清隆 玉木, 英樹 石竹, 達也 |
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Undersea Hyperb Med 23(3): 151−155 51. Coco M, Buscemi A, Perciavalle V et al (2019): Cognitive Deficits and White Matter Alterations in Highly Trained Scuba Divers. Front Psychol 10: 2376 8. Palmer AC, Calder IM & Hughes JT (1987): Spinal cord degeneration in divers. Lancet 2(8572): 1365−1366 7. Francis TJR & Mitchell SJ (2003): Pathophysiology of decompression sickness. In: Bennett & Elliott’s Physiology and Medicine of Diving. (Brubakk AO, Neuman TS, ed). WB Saunders, London, London pp 530−556 31. Hadanny A, Fishlev G, Bechor Y et al (2015): Delayed recompression for decompression sickness: retrospective analysis. PLoS One 10(4): e0124919 16. 合志清隆,奥寺利男,北野元生,川嶌眞人,眞野喜洋,Wong RM (2004): 中枢神経系における減圧障害の病理と診断および治療での課題.日本高気圧医会誌 39(2): 67−77 47. 森松嘉孝,合志清隆,村田幸雄,他(2018): 改正高気圧作業安全衛生規則と労働衛生.産衛誌 60(2): 41−44 17. Arness MK (1997): Scuba decompression illness and diving fatalities in an overseas military community. Aviat Space Environ Med 68(4): 325−333 48. 合志清隆,田中慎一郎,玉木英樹,森松嘉孝,石竹達也(2019): 高気圧作業と健康管理.産業医レビュー 31(3): 199−208 44. Undersea & Hyperbaric Medical Society (2020): Addressing lack of emergency access to HBO2. In the company of like-minded organization, the Society has sent the following letter to members of the U.S. government. PRESSURE. 3rd quarter ed. pp 12−16 11. Reuter M, Tetzlaff K, Hutzelmann A et al (1997): MR imaging of the central nervous system in diving-related decompression illness. Acta Radiol 38(6): 940−944 15. Neuman TS (2003): Arterial gas embolism and pulmonary barotrauma. In: Brubakk AO, Neuman TS, eds. Bennett and Elliott’s Physiology and Medicine of Diving. WB Saunders, London pp 557−577 27. Bennett MH, Lehm JP, Mitchell SJ & Wasiak J (2012): Recompression and adjunctive therapy for decompression illness. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012(5): CD005277 25. Monnot D, Michot T, Dugrenot E, Guerrero F & Lafère P (2019): A survey of scuba diving-related injuries and outcomes among French recreational divers. Diving Hyperb Med 49(2): 96−106 42. Blatteau JE, Lambrechts K & Ruffez J (2020): Factors influencing the severity of long-term sequelae in fishermen-divers with neurological decompression sickness. Diving Hyperb Med 50(1): 9−16 22. 合志清隆(2019): 減圧障害の最近の話題-緊急対処と治療をどうするか.日医雑誌 148 (2): 265−268 41. 池田知純 (2002): 送気式潜水 減圧症の治療,潜水の世界-人はどこまで潜れるか.大修館書店.東京 pp 93−97 2. Francis TJR & Mitchell SJ (2003): Manifestations of decompression disorders. In: Bennett & Elliott’s Physiology and Medicine of Diving. (Brubakk AO, Neuman TS, ed). WB Saunders, London pp 578−599 34. Blanc P, Boussuges A, Henriette K, Sainty JM & Deleflie M (2002): Iatrogenic cerebral air embolism: importance of an early hyperbaric oxygenation. Intensive Care Med 28(5): 559−563 40. Siewiera J, Szałański P, Tomaszewski D & Kot J (2020): High-altitude decompression sickness treated with hyperbaric therapy and extracorporeal oxygenation. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 91(2): 106−109 43. 厚生労働省(1972): 高気圧作業安全衛生規則.https://www.mhlw.go.jp/web/t_doc?dataId=74099000&dataType=0&pageNo=1 (閲覧日 2021年3月22日) 33. Ball R (1993): Effect of severity, time to recompression with oxygen, and re-treatment on outcome in forty-nine cases of spinal cord decompression sickness. Undersea Hyperb Med 20(2): 133−145 9. 北野元生(1995): 減圧症における組織損傷の成因についての一考察 -いわゆるコンパートメント説と静脈灌流障害説の折衷.日本高気圧医会誌 30(2): 73−84 39. Kondo Y, Shiohira S, Kamizato K et al (2012): Vascular hyperpermeability in pulmonary decompression illness: ‘the chokes’. Emerg Med Australas 24(4): 460−462 1. Vann RD, Butler FK, Mitchell SJ & Moon RE (2011): Decompression illness. Lancet 377 (9760): 153−164 23. Williams ST, Prior FG & Bryson P (2007): Hematocrit change in tropical scuba divers. Wilderness Environ Med 18(1): 48−53 12. Knauth M, Ries S, Pohimann S et al (1997): Cohort study of multiple brain lesions in sport divers: role of a patent foramen ovale. BMJ 314(7082): 701−705 28. Kizer KW (1982): Delayed treatment of dysbarism: a retrospective review of 50 cases. JAMA 247(18): 2555−2558 38. Clarke D, Gerard W & Norris T (2002): Pulmonary barotrauma-induced cerebral arterial gas embolism with spontaneous recovery: commentary on the rationale for therapeutic compression. Aviat Space Environ Med 73(2): 139−146 14. Brubakk AO (2000): Transport of bubbles through a PFO. Aviat Space Environ Med 71 (suppl 1): 352 3. Moon RE & Gorman DF (2003): Treatment of the decompression disorders. In: Bennett & Elliott’s Physiology and Medicine of Diving. (Brubakk AO, Neuman TS, ed). WB Saunders, London pp 600−650 46. 合志清隆 (2015): 高気圧酸素治療に関連した医療機器使用:国際状況と国内での使用経験.日高気圧環境・潜水医会誌 50(3): 142−145 |
References_xml | – reference: 9. 北野元生(1995): 減圧症における組織損傷の成因についての一考察 -いわゆるコンパートメント説と静脈灌流障害説の折衷.日本高気圧医会誌 30(2): 73−84 – reference: 33. Ball R (1993): Effect of severity, time to recompression with oxygen, and re-treatment on outcome in forty-nine cases of spinal cord decompression sickness. Undersea Hyperb Med 20(2): 133−145 – reference: 28. Kizer KW (1982): Delayed treatment of dysbarism: a retrospective review of 50 cases. JAMA 247(18): 2555−2558 – reference: 14. Brubakk AO (2000): Transport of bubbles through a PFO. Aviat Space Environ Med 71 (suppl 1): 352 – reference: 3. Moon RE & Gorman DF (2003): Treatment of the decompression disorders. In: Bennett & Elliott’s Physiology and Medicine of Diving. (Brubakk AO, Neuman TS, ed). WB Saunders, London pp 600−650 – reference: 4. Gempp E & Blatteau JE (2010): Risk factors and treatment outcome in scuba divers with spinal cord decompression sickness. J Crit Care 25(2): 236−242 – reference: 20. Lippmann J (2003): SPUMS annual scientific meeting 2002 First aid oxygen administration for divers. SPUMS J 33: 192−198 – reference: 8. Palmer AC, Calder IM & Hughes JT (1987): Spinal cord degeneration in divers. Lancet 2(8572): 1365−1366 – reference: 34. Blanc P, Boussuges A, Henriette K, Sainty JM & Deleflie M (2002): Iatrogenic cerebral air embolism: importance of an early hyperbaric oxygenation. Intensive Care Med 28(5): 559−563 – reference: 47. 森松嘉孝,合志清隆,村田幸雄,他(2018): 改正高気圧作業安全衛生規則と労働衛生.産衛誌 60(2): 41−44 – reference: 43. 厚生労働省(1972): 高気圧作業安全衛生規則.https://www.mhlw.go.jp/web/t_doc?dataId=74099000&dataType=0&pageNo=1 (閲覧日 2021年3月22日) – reference: 25. Monnot D, Michot T, Dugrenot E, Guerrero F & Lafère P (2019): A survey of scuba diving-related injuries and outcomes among French recreational divers. Diving Hyperb Med 49(2): 96−106 – reference: 2. Francis TJR & Mitchell SJ (2003): Manifestations of decompression disorders. In: Bennett & Elliott’s Physiology and Medicine of Diving. 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Snippet | ... 要旨: 環境圧の不適切な低下で生ずる減圧障害は, 気泡が原因の減圧症と肺の気圧外傷後の動脈ガス塞栓症の2つの病態を含んだものである. この治療法では高圧酸素治療の1つである酸素再圧治療が標準的と考えられてきたが, ランダム化比較試験での有効性は確認されていない. この治療の効果を客観的に評価するために,... |
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SubjectTerms | 再加圧 治療 法令 脊髄障害 脳障害 |
Title | 減圧障害の最善の対処法は何か? -初期対応の酸素吸入と高圧酸素治療について |
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