注意の定位機能とマインドフルネス傾向の関連 注意の喚起機能による調整効果
マインドフルネスとは，“今ここでの経験に，評価や判断を加えることなく，能動的に注意を向けること”として定義される自己の体験に対する特殊な注意の向け方である。マインドフルネスの個人差を規定する要因として，注意機能の関連が指摘されている。しかし，注意機能のどの側面が，どのような交互作用でマインドフルネスに関連するのかについては，これまで明らかにされていない。本研究では，大学生を対象にAttention Network Test（Fan et al., 2002）とマインドフルネス傾向（Baer et al., 2006）を測定した。階層的重回帰分析の結果，注意の喚起機能が低い時には，注意の定位機能...
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| Published in | パーソナリティ研究 Vol. 22; no. 2; pp. 146 - 155 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
日本パーソナリティ心理学会
30.11.2013
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1348-8406 1349-6174 |
| DOI | 10.2132/personality.22.146 |
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| Abstract | マインドフルネスとは，“今ここでの経験に，評価や判断を加えることなく，能動的に注意を向けること”として定義される自己の体験に対する特殊な注意の向け方である。マインドフルネスの個人差を規定する要因として，注意機能の関連が指摘されている。しかし，注意機能のどの側面が，どのような交互作用でマインドフルネスに関連するのかについては，これまで明らかにされていない。本研究では，大学生を対象にAttention Network Test（Fan et al., 2002）とマインドフルネス傾向（Baer et al., 2006）を測定した。階層的重回帰分析の結果，注意の喚起機能が低い時には，注意の定位機能はマインドフルネスと正の関連を示す一方で，喚起機能が高い場合には，定位機能はマインドフルネスと負の関連を示した。これらの結果は，マインドフルネスの個人差の規定因として，注意機能を交互作用から捉える必要性を示唆する。 |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | マインドフルネスとは，“今ここでの経験に，評価や判断を加えることなく，能動的に注意を向けること”として定義される自己の体験に対する特殊な注意の向け方である。マインドフルネスの個人差を規定する要因として，注意機能の関連が指摘されている。しかし，注意機能のどの側面が，どのような交互作用でマインドフルネスに関連するのかについては，これまで明らかにされていない。本研究では，大学生を対象にAttention Network Test（Fan et al., 2002）とマインドフルネス傾向（Baer et al., 2006）を測定した。階層的重回帰分析の結果，注意の喚起機能が低い時には，注意の定位機能はマインドフルネスと正の関連を示す一方で，喚起機能が高い場合には，定位機能はマインドフルネスと負の関連を示した。これらの結果は，マインドフルネスの個人差の規定因として，注意機能を交互作用から捉える必要性を示唆する。 マインドフルネスとは, "今ここでの経験に, 評価や判断を加えることなく, 能動的に注意を向けること"として定義される自己の体験に対する特殊な注意の向け方である. マインドフルネスの個人差を規定する要因として, 注意機能の関連が指摘されている. しかし, 注意機能のどの側面が, どのような交互作用でマインドフルネスに関連するのかについては, これまで明らかにされていない. 本研究では, 大学生を対象にAttention Network Test(Fan et al., 2002)とマインドフルネス傾向(Baer et al., 2006)を測定した. 階層的重回帰分析の結果, 注意の喚起機能が低い時には, 注意の定位機能はマインドフルネスと正の関連を示す一方で, 喚起機能が高い場合には, 定位機能はマインドフルネスと負の関連を示した. これらの結果は, マインドフルネスの個人差の規定因として, 注意機能を交互作用から捉える必要性を示唆する. |
| Author | 杉浦, 義典 竹林, 由武 田中, 圭介 |
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| References | Jha, A. P., Krompinger, J., & Baime, M. J. (2007). Mindfulness training modifies subsystems of attention. Cognitive, Affective, & Behaviour Neuroscience, 7, 109–119. Williams, J. M., Watts, F. N., MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A. (1997). Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. Carmody, J. (2009). Evolving conceptions of mindfulness in clinical settings. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23, 270–280. Fan, J., Gu, X., Guise, K. G., Liu, X., Fossella, J., Wang, H., & Posner, M. I. (2009). Testing the behavioral interaction and integration of attentional networks. Brain and Cognition, 70, 209–220. Rapgay, L., & Bystrisky, A. (2009). Classical mindfulness: An introduction to its theory and practice for clinical application. Annals of the NY Academy of Science, 1172, 148–162. Fan, J., McCandliss, B. D., Sommer, T., Raz, A., & Posner, M. I. (2002). Testing the efficiency and independence of attentional networks. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 340–347. Van den Hurk, P. A. M., Giommi, F., Gielen, S. C., Speckens, A. E. M., & Barendregt, H. P. (2010). Greater efficiency in attentional processing related to mindfulness meditation. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 1168–1180. Posner, M. I., & Petersen, S. E. (1990). The attention system of the human brain. Annul Review of Neuroscience, 13, 25–42. Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., Segal, Z. V., Abbey, S., Speca, M., Velting, D., & Devin, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11, 230–241. Josefsson, T., & Broberg, A. (2010). Meditators and non-meditators on sustained and executive attentional performance. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 14, 291–309. Tang, Y. Y., Ma, Y., Wang, J., Fan, Y., Feng, S., Lu, Q., Yu, Q., Sui, D., Rothbart, M. K., Fan, M., & Posner, M. I. (2007). Short-term meditation training improves attention and self-regulation. Proceeding of the National Academy of Science USA, 104, 17152–17156. Fuentes, L. J., & Campoy, G. (2008). The time course of alerting effect over orienting in the attention network test. Experimental Brain Research, 185, 667–672. Schmertz, S. K., Anderson, P. L., & Robins, D. L. (2009). The relation between self-report mindfulness and performance on tasks of sustained attention. Journal of Psychopathology, Behaviour and Assessment, 31, 60–66. Chiesa, A., Calati, R., Serretti, A. (2011). Does mindfulness training improve cognitive abilities? A systematic review of neuropsychological findings. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 449–464. Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2, 271–299. Kane, M. J., & McVay, J. C. (2012). What mind wandering reveals about executive-control abilities and failures. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21, 348–354. Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 73–86. Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind toface stress, pain and illness. New York: Dell Publishing. Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York: Hyperion. Conners, C. K. (1994). The Continuous Performance Test (CPT): Use as a diagnostic tool and measure of treatment outcome. Los Angeles: American Psychological Association. Pacheco-Unguetti, A. P., Acosta, A., Callejas, A., & Lupiáñez, J. (2010). Attention and anxiety: Different attentional functioning under state and trait anxiety. Psychological Science, 21, 298–304. Sugiura, Y., Sato, A., Ito, Y., & Murakami, H. (2012). Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Mindfulness, 3, 85–94. 杉浦義典 (2008)．マインドフルネスにみる情動制御と心理的治療の研究の新しい方向性 感情心理学研究，16, 167–177. Brickenkamp, R., & Zilmer, E. (1988). D2 Test of Attention: Manual. Oxford: Hogrefe & Huber. Golden, C. J. (1978). Stroop Color and Word Test: A manual for clinical and experimental uses. Wood Dale: Stoelting. Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13, 27–45. Galla, B. M., Hale, T. S., Shrestha, A., Loo, S. K., & Smalley, S. L. (2012). The disciplined mind: Associations between the kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills and attention control. Mindfulness, 3, 95–103. Eysenck, M. W. (1997). Anxiety and cognition: A unified theory. Hove, England: Psychology Press. Preacher, K. J., Curran, P. J., & Bauer, D. J. (2006). Computational tools for probing interaction effects in multiple linear regression, multilevel modeling, and latent curve analysis. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 31, 437–448. Mrazek, M. D., Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2012). Mindfulness and mind-wandering: Finding convergence through opposing constructs. Emotion, 12, 442–448. Polak, E. (2009). Impact of two sessions of mindfulness training on attention. Miami: University of Miami. Robertson, I. H., Manly, T., Andrade, J., Baddeley, B. T., & Yiend, J. (1997). Oops: Performance correlates of everyday attentional failures in traumatic brain injured and normal subjects. Neuropsychologia, 35, 747–758. Moore, A., & Malinowski, P. (2009). Meditation, mindfulness and cognitive flexibility. Consciousness and Cognition, 18, 176–186. Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 169–183. |
| References_xml | – reference: Posner, M. I., & Petersen, S. E. (1990). The attention system of the human brain. Annul Review of Neuroscience, 13, 25–42. – reference: 杉浦義典 (2008)．マインドフルネスにみる情動制御と心理的治療の研究の新しい方向性 感情心理学研究，16, 167–177. – reference: Brickenkamp, R., & Zilmer, E. (1988). D2 Test of Attention: Manual. Oxford: Hogrefe & Huber. – reference: Polak, E. (2009). Impact of two sessions of mindfulness training on attention. Miami: University of Miami. – reference: Fuentes, L. J., & Campoy, G. (2008). The time course of alerting effect over orienting in the attention network test. Experimental Brain Research, 185, 667–672. – reference: Fan, J., Gu, X., Guise, K. G., Liu, X., Fossella, J., Wang, H., & Posner, M. I. (2009). Testing the behavioral interaction and integration of attentional networks. Brain and Cognition, 70, 209–220. – reference: Conners, C. K. (1994). The Continuous Performance Test (CPT): Use as a diagnostic tool and measure of treatment outcome. Los Angeles: American Psychological Association. – reference: Eysenck, M. W. (1997). Anxiety and cognition: A unified theory. Hove, England: Psychology Press. – reference: Josefsson, T., & Broberg, A. (2010). Meditators and non-meditators on sustained and executive attentional performance. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 14, 291–309. – reference: Pacheco-Unguetti, A. P., Acosta, A., Callejas, A., & Lupiáñez, J. (2010). Attention and anxiety: Different attentional functioning under state and trait anxiety. Psychological Science, 21, 298–304. – reference: Fan, J., McCandliss, B. D., Sommer, T., Raz, A., & Posner, M. I. (2002). Testing the efficiency and independence of attentional networks. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 340–347. – reference: Chiesa, A., Calati, R., Serretti, A. (2011). Does mindfulness training improve cognitive abilities? A systematic review of neuropsychological findings. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 449–464. – reference: Williams, J. M., Watts, F. N., MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A. (1997). Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. – reference: Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., Segal, Z. V., Abbey, S., Speca, M., Velting, D., & Devin, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11, 230–241. – reference: Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2, 271–299. – reference: Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13, 27–45. – reference: Robertson, I. H., Manly, T., Andrade, J., Baddeley, B. T., & Yiend, J. (1997). Oops: Performance correlates of everyday attentional failures in traumatic brain injured and normal subjects. Neuropsychologia, 35, 747–758. – reference: Rapgay, L., & Bystrisky, A. (2009). Classical mindfulness: An introduction to its theory and practice for clinical application. Annals of the NY Academy of Science, 1172, 148–162. – reference: Sugiura, Y., Sato, A., Ito, Y., & Murakami, H. (2012). Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Mindfulness, 3, 85–94. – reference: Tang, Y. Y., Ma, Y., Wang, J., Fan, Y., Feng, S., Lu, Q., Yu, Q., Sui, D., Rothbart, M. K., Fan, M., & Posner, M. I. (2007). Short-term meditation training improves attention and self-regulation. Proceeding of the National Academy of Science USA, 104, 17152–17156. – reference: Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York: Hyperion. – reference: Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 73–86. – reference: Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind toface stress, pain and illness. New York: Dell Publishing. – reference: Moore, A., & Malinowski, P. (2009). Meditation, mindfulness and cognitive flexibility. Consciousness and Cognition, 18, 176–186. – reference: Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 169–183. – reference: Schmertz, S. K., Anderson, P. L., & Robins, D. L. (2009). The relation between self-report mindfulness and performance on tasks of sustained attention. Journal of Psychopathology, Behaviour and Assessment, 31, 60–66. – reference: Carmody, J. (2009). Evolving conceptions of mindfulness in clinical settings. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23, 270–280. – reference: Kane, M. J., & McVay, J. C. (2012). What mind wandering reveals about executive-control abilities and failures. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21, 348–354. – reference: Jha, A. P., Krompinger, J., & Baime, M. J. (2007). Mindfulness training modifies subsystems of attention. Cognitive, Affective, & Behaviour Neuroscience, 7, 109–119. – reference: Van den Hurk, P. A. M., Giommi, F., Gielen, S. C., Speckens, A. E. M., & Barendregt, H. P. (2010). Greater efficiency in attentional processing related to mindfulness meditation. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 1168–1180. – reference: Preacher, K. J., Curran, P. J., & Bauer, D. J. (2006). Computational tools for probing interaction effects in multiple linear regression, multilevel modeling, and latent curve analysis. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 31, 437–448. – reference: Golden, C. J. (1978). Stroop Color and Word Test: A manual for clinical and experimental uses. Wood Dale: Stoelting. – reference: Galla, B. M., Hale, T. S., Shrestha, A., Loo, S. K., & Smalley, S. L. (2012). The disciplined mind: Associations between the kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills and attention control. Mindfulness, 3, 95–103. – reference: Mrazek, M. D., Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2012). Mindfulness and mind-wandering: Finding convergence through opposing constructs. Emotion, 12, 442–448. |
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| Snippet | ... マインドフルネスとは, "今ここでの経験に, 評価や判断を加えることなく, 能動的に注意を向けること"として定義される自己の体験に対する特殊な注意の向け方である. マインドフルネスの個人差を規定する要因として, 注意機能の関連が指摘されている. しかし, 注意機能のどの側面が,... |
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| SubjectTerms | マインドフルネス 喚起機能 定位機能 実行注意 注意 |
| Subtitle | 注意の喚起機能による調整効果 |
| Title | 注意の定位機能とマインドフルネス傾向の関連 |
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