熱帯暑熱環境への適応
暑熱に繰り返し暴露されると, 暑熱による負荷を軽減する適応が生じる.規期の暑熱順化では, 発汗能の亢進により熱耐性が獲得される.一方, 長期暑熱順化した熱帯地住民は, 非蒸散性熱放散能に優れ, 少量の発汗で有効に熱放散を行える.その発汗抑制には発汗中枢の活動性抑制と汗腺のアセチルコリン感受性低下の両者が関与する.発汗量を減少させる長期暑熱順化は, 暑熱環境での生存のための経済性を重視した適応戦略であり, 発汗量を増加させる短期暑熱順化は暑熱環境下での行動能率を重視した適応戦略と言えよう.後者は脱水の危険をはらんでおり, 体液・浸透圧調節の面からは, 前者が優れている.発汗反応の点からは両者は両...
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| Published in | 日本生気象学会雑誌 Vol. 36; no. 2; pp. 65 - 69 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
日本生気象学会
1999
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0389-1313 1347-7617 |
| DOI | 10.11227/seikisho1966.36.65 |
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| Abstract | 暑熱に繰り返し暴露されると, 暑熱による負荷を軽減する適応が生じる.規期の暑熱順化では, 発汗能の亢進により熱耐性が獲得される.一方, 長期暑熱順化した熱帯地住民は, 非蒸散性熱放散能に優れ, 少量の発汗で有効に熱放散を行える.その発汗抑制には発汗中枢の活動性抑制と汗腺のアセチルコリン感受性低下の両者が関与する.発汗量を減少させる長期暑熱順化は, 暑熱環境での生存のための経済性を重視した適応戦略であり, 発汗量を増加させる短期暑熱順化は暑熱環境下での行動能率を重視した適応戦略と言えよう.後者は脱水の危険をはらんでおり, 体液・浸透圧調節の面からは, 前者が優れている.発汗反応の点からは両者は両極に位置するが, 果たして短期暑熱順化の延長線上に長期暑熱順化が位置するのか否か, 興味深い.地球温暖化が危惧されている今日, 暑熱環境への適応は重要な課題となるであろう. |
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| AbstractList | 暑熱に繰り返し暴露されると, 暑熱による負荷を軽減する適応が生じる.規期の暑熱順化では, 発汗能の亢進により熱耐性が獲得される.一方, 長期暑熱順化した熱帯地住民は, 非蒸散性熱放散能に優れ, 少量の発汗で有効に熱放散を行える.その発汗抑制には発汗中枢の活動性抑制と汗腺のアセチルコリン感受性低下の両者が関与する.発汗量を減少させる長期暑熱順化は, 暑熱環境での生存のための経済性を重視した適応戦略であり, 発汗量を増加させる短期暑熱順化は暑熱環境下での行動能率を重視した適応戦略と言えよう.後者は脱水の危険をはらんでおり, 体液・浸透圧調節の面からは, 前者が優れている.発汗反応の点からは両者は両極に位置するが, 果たして短期暑熱順化の延長線上に長期暑熱順化が位置するのか否か, 興味深い.地球温暖化が危惧されている今日, 暑熱環境への適応は重要な課題となるであろう. |
| Author | 菅屋, 潤壹 小坂, 光男 松本, 孝朗 |
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| References | MATSUMOTO, T., KOSAKA, M., YAMAUCHI, M., NAKAMURA, K., YANG, G J. and VELAZQUEZ, J. J. A. (1990) : Seasonal variation of thermal sweating. Trop. Med., 32 (2) : 73-80. OGAWA, T., ASAYAMA, M. and MIYAGAWA, T. (1982) : Effects of sweat gland training by repeated local heating. Jpn. J. Physiol., 32: 971-981. ROBERTS, M.F., WENGER, C.B., STOLWIJK, J.A. J. and NAVEL E.R. (1977) : Skin blood flow and sweating changes following exercise training and heat acclimation. J. Appl. Physiol., 43 (1) : 133-137. HESSEMER, V., ZEH, A, and BRLUCK, K. (1986) : Effects of passive heat adaptation and moderate sweatless conditioning on responses to cold and heat. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 55: 281-289. HOEFLER, W. (1968) : Changes in regional distribution of sweating during acclimatization to heat. J. Appl. Physiol., 25 (5) : 503-506. YAMASHITA, Y, OGAWA, T., OHNISHI, N., IMAMURA R. and SUGENOYA, J. (1987) : Local effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on human sweat-gland function. Jpn. J. Physiol, 37: 929-936. MATSUMOTO, T., KOSAKA, M., YAMAUCHI, M., TSUCHIYA, K., OHWATARI, N., MOTOMURA, M., OTOMASU, K., YANG, G-J., LEE, J-M., BOONAYATHAP, U., PRAPUTPITTAYA, C. and YONGSIRI, A. (1993) : Study on mechanisms of heat acclimatization due to thermal sweating -Comparison of heat-tolerance between Japanese and Thai subjects-. Trop. Med., 35 (1) : 23-34. 菅屋潤壱, 小川徳雄, 朝山正巳, 宮川敏明, 山下由果, 大西範和 (1986) : 暑熱順化による発汗能増大における中枢性機序の関与. 愛知医科大学雑誌, 14: 653-661. LIND, A.R. and BASS, D.E. (1963) : Optimal exposure time for development of acclimatization to heat. Fed. Proc., 22: 704-708. COLLINS, K.J., CROCKFORD, G.W. and WEINER, J.S. (1965) : Sweatgland training by drugs and thermal stress. Arch. Environ. Health, 11: 407-422. HORI, S. and TANAKA, N. (1993) : Adaptive changes in physiological responses of men to heat induced by heat acclimatization and physical training. Jpn. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 21 (4) : 193-199. OGAWA, T., OHNISHI, N., YAMASHITA, Y, SUGENOYA, J., ASAYAMA, M. and MIYAGAWA, T. (1988) : Effects of facial cooling during heat acclimation process on adaptive changes in sweating activity. Jpn. J. Physiol., 38: 479-490. CHEN, W.Y. and ELIZONDO, S. (1974) : Peripheral modification of thermoregulatory function during heat acclimation. J. Appl. Physiol., 37 (3) : 367-373. CANDAS, V., BRANDENBERCER, G., LUTZ-BUCHER, B., FOLLENIUS, M. and LIBERT, J.P. (1984) : Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 52: 225-229. KUMAZAWA. K., SOBUE, G., MITSUMA, T, and OGAWA, T. (1994) : Modulatory effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P on human cholinergic sweat secretion. Clin. Auton. Res., 4: 319-322. MATSUMOTO, T., TAIMURA, A., YAMAUCHI, M., LEE, J.B., KOSAKA, M., PONGCHAIDECHA, A., PRAPUTPITTAYA, C., GOMONCHAREONSIRI, S., BOONAYATHAP, U. and SUGENOYA, J. (1997) : Long-term heat acclimatization in tropical inhabitants. International Symposium on Thermal Physiology Abstracts, 69. NIELSEN, B., STRANGE, S., CRISTENSEN, N.J., WARBERG, J. and SALTIN, B. (1997) : Acute and adaptive responses in humans to exercise in a warm, humid environment. Pflugers Arch, 434: 49-56. 気象庁 (1996) : 地球温暖化監視レポート1995. 大蔵省印刷局発行. KUNO, Y. (1956) Human Perspiration. Charles C Thomas Publisher, Springfield, Illinois. LEE, J.B., MATSUMOTO, T., OTHMAN, T. and KOSAKA, M. (1997) : Suppression of the sweat gland sensitivity to acetylcholine applied iontophoretically in tropical Africans compared to temperate Japanese. Trop. Med., 39: 111-121. PANDOLF, K.B. (1998) : Time course of heat acclimation and its decay. Int. J. Sports Med., 19: 5157-160. |
| References_xml | – reference: COLLINS, K.J., CROCKFORD, G.W. and WEINER, J.S. (1965) : Sweatgland training by drugs and thermal stress. Arch. Environ. Health, 11: 407-422. – reference: OGAWA, T., OHNISHI, N., YAMASHITA, Y, SUGENOYA, J., ASAYAMA, M. and MIYAGAWA, T. (1988) : Effects of facial cooling during heat acclimation process on adaptive changes in sweating activity. Jpn. J. Physiol., 38: 479-490. – reference: MATSUMOTO, T., KOSAKA, M., YAMAUCHI, M., TSUCHIYA, K., OHWATARI, N., MOTOMURA, M., OTOMASU, K., YANG, G-J., LEE, J-M., BOONAYATHAP, U., PRAPUTPITTAYA, C. and YONGSIRI, A. (1993) : Study on mechanisms of heat acclimatization due to thermal sweating -Comparison of heat-tolerance between Japanese and Thai subjects-. Trop. Med., 35 (1) : 23-34. – reference: 気象庁 (1996) : 地球温暖化監視レポート1995. 大蔵省印刷局発行. – reference: MATSUMOTO, T., KOSAKA, M., YAMAUCHI, M., NAKAMURA, K., YANG, G J. and VELAZQUEZ, J. J. A. (1990) : Seasonal variation of thermal sweating. Trop. Med., 32 (2) : 73-80. – reference: CHEN, W.Y. and ELIZONDO, S. (1974) : Peripheral modification of thermoregulatory function during heat acclimation. J. Appl. Physiol., 37 (3) : 367-373. – reference: LIND, A.R. and BASS, D.E. (1963) : Optimal exposure time for development of acclimatization to heat. Fed. Proc., 22: 704-708. – reference: HORI, S. and TANAKA, N. (1993) : Adaptive changes in physiological responses of men to heat induced by heat acclimatization and physical training. Jpn. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 21 (4) : 193-199. – reference: KUMAZAWA. K., SOBUE, G., MITSUMA, T, and OGAWA, T. (1994) : Modulatory effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P on human cholinergic sweat secretion. Clin. Auton. Res., 4: 319-322. – reference: CANDAS, V., BRANDENBERCER, G., LUTZ-BUCHER, B., FOLLENIUS, M. and LIBERT, J.P. (1984) : Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 52: 225-229. – reference: HESSEMER, V., ZEH, A, and BRLUCK, K. (1986) : Effects of passive heat adaptation and moderate sweatless conditioning on responses to cold and heat. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 55: 281-289. HOEFLER, W. (1968) : Changes in regional distribution of sweating during acclimatization to heat. J. Appl. Physiol., 25 (5) : 503-506. – reference: PANDOLF, K.B. (1998) : Time course of heat acclimation and its decay. Int. J. Sports Med., 19: 5157-160. – reference: YAMASHITA, Y, OGAWA, T., OHNISHI, N., IMAMURA R. and SUGENOYA, J. (1987) : Local effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on human sweat-gland function. Jpn. J. Physiol, 37: 929-936. – reference: LEE, J.B., MATSUMOTO, T., OTHMAN, T. and KOSAKA, M. (1997) : Suppression of the sweat gland sensitivity to acetylcholine applied iontophoretically in tropical Africans compared to temperate Japanese. Trop. Med., 39: 111-121. – reference: MATSUMOTO, T., TAIMURA, A., YAMAUCHI, M., LEE, J.B., KOSAKA, M., PONGCHAIDECHA, A., PRAPUTPITTAYA, C., GOMONCHAREONSIRI, S., BOONAYATHAP, U. and SUGENOYA, J. (1997) : Long-term heat acclimatization in tropical inhabitants. International Symposium on Thermal Physiology Abstracts, 69. – reference: NIELSEN, B., STRANGE, S., CRISTENSEN, N.J., WARBERG, J. and SALTIN, B. (1997) : Acute and adaptive responses in humans to exercise in a warm, humid environment. Pflugers Arch, 434: 49-56. – reference: OGAWA, T., ASAYAMA, M. and MIYAGAWA, T. (1982) : Effects of sweat gland training by repeated local heating. Jpn. J. Physiol., 32: 971-981. – reference: KUNO, Y. (1956) Human Perspiration. Charles C Thomas Publisher, Springfield, Illinois. – reference: ROBERTS, M.F., WENGER, C.B., STOLWIJK, J.A. J. and NAVEL E.R. (1977) : Skin blood flow and sweating changes following exercise training and heat acclimation. J. Appl. Physiol., 43 (1) : 133-137. – reference: 菅屋潤壱, 小川徳雄, 朝山正巳, 宮川敏明, 山下由果, 大西範和 (1986) : 暑熱順化による発汗能増大における中枢性機序の関与. 愛知医科大学雑誌, 14: 653-661. |
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| SubjectTerms | 体温調節能 地球温暖化 暑熱順化 熱帯気候 |
| Title | 熱帯暑熱環境への適応 |
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