愛好家サブカテゴリーの顕現化によるギャンブラーへの潜在的態度の肯定化
ギャンブラーには,一般的にギャンブル依存者(以下,依存者と略す)とギャンブル愛好家(以下,愛好家と略す)が存在する。ギャンブラーに対して少なからず否定的な態度が存在し,そのために依存者が周囲に助けを求めにくくなっていることが指摘されている。この問題に対して,愛好家に対する相対的に肯定的な態度を利用すれば,ギャンブラーというカテゴリー全体に対する否定的な態度を軽減できる可能性がある。また,否定的な態度を測定するうえで,社会的望ましさ傾向の影響を考慮する必要があるが,ギャンブラーに対する顕在的態度のみが測定されることが多く,潜在的態度の検討が十分に行われていない。そこで本研究では大学生の参加者にシ...
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Published in | 実験社会心理学研究 Vol. 60; no. 2; pp. 113 - 124 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | Japanese |
Published |
日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会
2021
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 0387-7973 1348-6276 |
DOI | 10.2130/jjesp.2008 |
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Abstract | ギャンブラーには,一般的にギャンブル依存者(以下,依存者と略す)とギャンブル愛好家(以下,愛好家と略す)が存在する。ギャンブラーに対して少なからず否定的な態度が存在し,そのために依存者が周囲に助けを求めにくくなっていることが指摘されている。この問題に対して,愛好家に対する相対的に肯定的な態度を利用すれば,ギャンブラーというカテゴリー全体に対する否定的な態度を軽減できる可能性がある。また,否定的な態度を測定するうえで,社会的望ましさ傾向の影響を考慮する必要があるが,ギャンブラーに対する顕在的態度のみが測定されることが多く,潜在的態度の検討が十分に行われていない。そこで本研究では大学生の参加者にシナリオ実験を行い,依存者,愛好家のシナリオを読みサブカテゴリーの存在が顕現化したとき,ギャンブラー全体に対する潜在的態度が変化するか否か検討した。その結果,サブカテゴリーとしての愛好家を強調することで,ギャンブラーに対する潜在的態度を肯定化できる可能性が示された。依存者に対する否定的な態度を考える上で,一般的に見落とされがちな愛好家の存在を顕現化するという方略は,今後,依存者に対する態度変容を促す心理学的研究に応用できると考える。 |
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AbstractList | ギャンブラーには,一般的にギャンブル依存者(以下,依存者と略す)とギャンブル愛好家(以下,愛好家と略す)が存在する。ギャンブラーに対して少なからず否定的な態度が存在し,そのために依存者が周囲に助けを求めにくくなっていることが指摘されている。この問題に対して,愛好家に対する相対的に肯定的な態度を利用すれば,ギャンブラーというカテゴリー全体に対する否定的な態度を軽減できる可能性がある。また,否定的な態度を測定するうえで,社会的望ましさ傾向の影響を考慮する必要があるが,ギャンブラーに対する顕在的態度のみが測定されることが多く,潜在的態度の検討が十分に行われていない。そこで本研究では大学生の参加者にシナリオ実験を行い,依存者,愛好家のシナリオを読みサブカテゴリーの存在が顕現化したとき,ギャンブラー全体に対する潜在的態度が変化するか否か検討した。その結果,サブカテゴリーとしての愛好家を強調することで,ギャンブラーに対する潜在的態度を肯定化できる可能性が示された。依存者に対する否定的な態度を考える上で,一般的に見落とされがちな愛好家の存在を顕現化するという方略は,今後,依存者に対する態度変容を促す心理学的研究に応用できると考える。 |
Author | 清水, 佑輔 岡田, 謙介 唐沢, かおり |
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References | Corrigan, P. W., & Watson, A. C. (2002). The paradox of self-stigma and mental illness. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9, 35–53. Lincoln, T. M., Arens, E., Berger, C., & Rief, W. (2008). Can antistigma campaigns be improved? A test of the impact of biogenetic vs psychosocial causal explanations on implicit and explicit attitudes to schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34, 984–994. 品川由佳(2010).大学生のギャンブル依存に関する調査 広島大学保健管理センター研究論文集,26, 51–57. Eckes, T. (1996). Linking female and male subtypes to situations: A range-of-situation-fit effect. Sex Roles, 35, 401–426. Donaldson, P., Langham, E., Best, T., & Browne, M. (2015). Validation of the gambling perceived stigma scale (GPSS) and the gambling experienced stigma scale (GESS). Journal of Gambling Issues, 31, 163–200. Dovidio, J. F., Kawakami, K., & Gaertner, S. L. (2002). Implicit and explicit prejudice and interracial interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 62–68. Brevers, D., Cleeremans, A., Hermant, C., Tibboel, H., Kornreich, C., Verbanck, P., & Noël, X. (2013). Implicit gambling attitudes in problem gamblers: Positive but not negative implicit associations. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 44, 94–97. Schomerus, G., Lucht, M., Holzinger, A., Matschinger, H., Carta, M. G., & Angermeyer, M. C. (2011). The stigma of alcohol dependence compared with other mental disorders: A review of population studies. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 46, 105–112. Ben-Zeev, D., Young, M. A., & Corrigan, P. W. (2010). DSM-V and the stigma of mental illness. Journal of Mental Health, 19, 318–327. Romer, D., & Bock, M. (2008). Reducing the stigma of mental illness among adolescents and young adults: The effects of treatment information. Journal of Health Communication, 13, 742–758. Richards, Z., & Hewstone, M. (2001). Subtyping and subgrouping: Processes for prevention and promotion of stereotype change. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5, 52–73. 吉田精次(2016).家族・援助者のためのギャンブル問題解決の処方箋―CRAFTを使った効果的な援助法― 金剛出版 Palmer, B. A., Richardson, E. J., Heesacker, M., & DePue, M. K. (2018). Public stigma and the label of gambling disorder: Does it make a difference? Journal of Gambling Studies, 34, 1281–1291. Ladouceur, R., Ferland, F., Vitaro, F., & Pelletier, O. (2005). Modifying youths’ perception toward pathological gamblers. Addictive Behaviors, 30, 351–354. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Desk Reference to the Diagnostic Criteria from DSM-5. Arlington, VA.(米国精神医学会 高橋三郎・大野 裕(監訳)(2015).DSM-5―精神疾患の分類と診断の手引― 医学書院) 北條英勝(編)(2018).私立大学学生生活白書2018 一般社団法人日本私立大学連盟 Retrieved from https://www.shidairen.or.jp/files/user/4371.pdf(2020年12月15日) Plotka, I., Blumenau, N., & Vinogradova, Z. (2016). Research of implicit attitudes towards gambling for gamblers and non-gamblers. Society. Integration. Education. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference, 1, 498–514. Mannarini, S., & Boffo, M. (2015). Anxiety, bulimia, drug and alcohol addiction, depression, and schizophrenia: What do you think about their aetiology, dangerousness, social distance, and treatment? A latent class analysis approach. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 50, 27–37. Ronay, R., & Kim, D. Y. (2006). Gender differences in explicit and implicit risk attitudes: A socially facilitated phenomenon. British Journal of Social Psychology, 45, 397–419. Campbell, C. S., & Smith, G. J. (2003). Gambling in Canada—From vice to disease to responsibility: A negotiated history. Canadian Bulletin of Medical History, 20, 121–149. Miller, H. E., & Thomas, S. (2017). The “walk of shame”: A qualitative study of the influences of negative stereotyping of problem gambling on gambling attitudes and behaviours. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 15, 1284–1300. Martin, J. K., Pescosolido, B. A., & Tuch, S. A. (2000). Of fear and loathing: The role of ‘disturbing behavior,’ labels, and causal attributions in shaping public attitudes toward people with mental illness. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41, 208–223. Nosek, B. A., Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (2005). Understanding and using the implicit association test: II. method variables and construct validity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 166–180. 樋口 進・松下幸生(2017).国内のギャンブル等依存に関する疫学調査―全国調査結果の中間とりまとめ― Retrieved from https://kurihama.hosp.go.jp/about/pdf/info_20171004.pdf(2020年12月15日) Maurer, K. L., Park, B., & Rothbart, M. (1995). Subtyping versus subgrouping processes in stereotype representation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 812–824. Yi, S., & Kanetkar, V. (2010). Implicit measures of attitudes toward gambling: An exploratory study. Journal of Gambling Issues, 24, 140–163. Holmes, E. P., Corrigan, P. W., Williams, P., Canar, J., & Kubiak, M. A. (1999). Changing attitudes about schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 25, 447–456. Kuley, N. B., & Jacobs, D. F. (1988). The relationship between dissociative-like experiences and sensation seeking among social and problem gamblers. Journal of Gambling Behavior, 4, 197–207. Dhillon, J., Horch, J. D., & Hodgins, D. C. (2011). Cultural influences on stigmatization of problem gambling: East Asian and Caucasian Canadians. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27, 633–647. Preston, F. W., Bernhard, B. J., Hunter, R. E., & Bybee, S. L. (1998). Gambling as stigmatized behavior: Regional relabeling and the law. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 556, 186–196. Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review, 102, 4–27. Payne, B. K., Burkley, M. A., & Stokes, M. B. (2008). Why do implicit and explicit attitude tests diverge? The role of structural fit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 16–31. Mitchell, C. J., Anderson, N. E., & Lovibond, P. F. (2003). Measuring evaluative conditioning using the implicit association test. Learning and Motivation, 34, 203–217. Weber, R., & Crocker, J. (1983). Cognitive processes in the revision of stereotypic beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 961–977. Hing, N., Russell, A. M. T., & Gainsbury, S. M. (2016). Unpacking the public stigma of problem gambling: The process of stigma creation and predictors of social distancing. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5, 448–456. Brewer, M. B., Dull, V., & Lui, L. (1981). Perceptions of the elderly: Stereotypes as prototypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 656–670. Brown, K. L., & Russell, A. M. T. (2020). What can be done to reduce the public stigma of gambling disorder? Lessons from other stigmatised conditions. Journal of Gambling Studies, 36, 23–38. Corrigan, P. W., Morris S. B., Michaels, P. J., Rafacz, J. D., & Rüsch, N. (2012). Challenging the public stigma of mental illness: A meta-analysis of outcome studies. Psychiatric Services, 63, 963–973. Karpinski, A., & Steinman, R. B. (2006). The single category implicit association test as a measure of implicit social cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 16–32. Horch, J. D., & Hodgins, D. C. (2013). Stereotypes of problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Issues, 28, 1–19. Abt, V., McGurrin, M. C., & Smith, J. F. (1985). Toward a synoptic model of gambling behavior. Journal of Gambling Behavior, 1, 79–88. Horch, J. D., & Hodgins, D. C. (2008). Public stigma of disordered gambling: Social distance, dangerousness, and familiarity. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27, 505–528. Devine, P. G., & Baker, S. M. (1991). Measurement of racial stereotype subtyping. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 44–50. 高田琢弘・湯川進太郎(2011).大学生のギャンブル接触の実態とパーソナリティ特性 筑波大学心理学研究,42, 35–41. |
References_xml | – reference: Lincoln, T. M., Arens, E., Berger, C., & Rief, W. (2008). Can antistigma campaigns be improved? A test of the impact of biogenetic vs psychosocial causal explanations on implicit and explicit attitudes to schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34, 984–994. – reference: Nosek, B. A., Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (2005). Understanding and using the implicit association test: II. method variables and construct validity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 166–180. – reference: Dovidio, J. F., Kawakami, K., & Gaertner, S. L. (2002). Implicit and explicit prejudice and interracial interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 62–68. – reference: 吉田精次(2016).家族・援助者のためのギャンブル問題解決の処方箋―CRAFTを使った効果的な援助法― 金剛出版 – reference: Yi, S., & Kanetkar, V. (2010). Implicit measures of attitudes toward gambling: An exploratory study. Journal of Gambling Issues, 24, 140–163. – reference: 高田琢弘・湯川進太郎(2011).大学生のギャンブル接触の実態とパーソナリティ特性 筑波大学心理学研究,42, 35–41. – reference: American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Desk Reference to the Diagnostic Criteria from DSM-5. Arlington, VA.(米国精神医学会 高橋三郎・大野 裕(監訳)(2015).DSM-5―精神疾患の分類と診断の手引― 医学書院) – reference: Miller, H. E., & Thomas, S. (2017). The “walk of shame”: A qualitative study of the influences of negative stereotyping of problem gambling on gambling attitudes and behaviours. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 15, 1284–1300. – reference: Romer, D., & Bock, M. (2008). Reducing the stigma of mental illness among adolescents and young adults: The effects of treatment information. Journal of Health Communication, 13, 742–758. – reference: Karpinski, A., & Steinman, R. B. (2006). The single category implicit association test as a measure of implicit social cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 16–32. – reference: 北條英勝(編)(2018).私立大学学生生活白書2018 一般社団法人日本私立大学連盟 Retrieved from https://www.shidairen.or.jp/files/user/4371.pdf(2020年12月15日) – reference: Abt, V., McGurrin, M. C., & Smith, J. F. (1985). Toward a synoptic model of gambling behavior. Journal of Gambling Behavior, 1, 79–88. – reference: Corrigan, P. W., & Watson, A. C. (2002). The paradox of self-stigma and mental illness. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9, 35–53. – reference: Dhillon, J., Horch, J. D., & Hodgins, D. C. (2011). Cultural influences on stigmatization of problem gambling: East Asian and Caucasian Canadians. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27, 633–647. – reference: Horch, J. D., & Hodgins, D. C. (2008). Public stigma of disordered gambling: Social distance, dangerousness, and familiarity. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27, 505–528. – reference: Eckes, T. (1996). Linking female and male subtypes to situations: A range-of-situation-fit effect. Sex Roles, 35, 401–426. – reference: 樋口 進・松下幸生(2017).国内のギャンブル等依存に関する疫学調査―全国調査結果の中間とりまとめ― Retrieved from https://kurihama.hosp.go.jp/about/pdf/info_20171004.pdf(2020年12月15日) – reference: Campbell, C. S., & Smith, G. J. (2003). Gambling in Canada—From vice to disease to responsibility: A negotiated history. Canadian Bulletin of Medical History, 20, 121–149. – reference: Richards, Z., & Hewstone, M. (2001). Subtyping and subgrouping: Processes for prevention and promotion of stereotype change. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5, 52–73. – reference: Payne, B. K., Burkley, M. A., & Stokes, M. B. (2008). Why do implicit and explicit attitude tests diverge? The role of structural fit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 16–31. – reference: Brevers, D., Cleeremans, A., Hermant, C., Tibboel, H., Kornreich, C., Verbanck, P., & Noël, X. (2013). Implicit gambling attitudes in problem gamblers: Positive but not negative implicit associations. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 44, 94–97. – reference: Hing, N., Russell, A. M. T., & Gainsbury, S. M. (2016). Unpacking the public stigma of problem gambling: The process of stigma creation and predictors of social distancing. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5, 448–456. – reference: Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review, 102, 4–27. – reference: Plotka, I., Blumenau, N., & Vinogradova, Z. (2016). Research of implicit attitudes towards gambling for gamblers and non-gamblers. Society. Integration. Education. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference, 1, 498–514. – reference: Weber, R., & Crocker, J. (1983). Cognitive processes in the revision of stereotypic beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 961–977. – reference: Brown, K. L., & Russell, A. M. T. (2020). What can be done to reduce the public stigma of gambling disorder? Lessons from other stigmatised conditions. Journal of Gambling Studies, 36, 23–38. – reference: Ben-Zeev, D., Young, M. A., & Corrigan, P. W. (2010). DSM-V and the stigma of mental illness. Journal of Mental Health, 19, 318–327. – reference: Kuley, N. B., & Jacobs, D. F. (1988). The relationship between dissociative-like experiences and sensation seeking among social and problem gamblers. Journal of Gambling Behavior, 4, 197–207. – reference: Maurer, K. L., Park, B., & Rothbart, M. (1995). Subtyping versus subgrouping processes in stereotype representation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 812–824. – reference: 品川由佳(2010).大学生のギャンブル依存に関する調査 広島大学保健管理センター研究論文集,26, 51–57. – reference: Donaldson, P., Langham, E., Best, T., & Browne, M. (2015). Validation of the gambling perceived stigma scale (GPSS) and the gambling experienced stigma scale (GESS). Journal of Gambling Issues, 31, 163–200. – reference: Mitchell, C. J., Anderson, N. E., & Lovibond, P. F. (2003). Measuring evaluative conditioning using the implicit association test. Learning and Motivation, 34, 203–217. – reference: Mannarini, S., & Boffo, M. (2015). Anxiety, bulimia, drug and alcohol addiction, depression, and schizophrenia: What do you think about their aetiology, dangerousness, social distance, and treatment? A latent class analysis approach. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 50, 27–37. – reference: Preston, F. W., Bernhard, B. J., Hunter, R. E., & Bybee, S. L. (1998). Gambling as stigmatized behavior: Regional relabeling and the law. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 556, 186–196. – reference: Palmer, B. A., Richardson, E. J., Heesacker, M., & DePue, M. K. (2018). Public stigma and the label of gambling disorder: Does it make a difference? Journal of Gambling Studies, 34, 1281–1291. – reference: Holmes, E. P., Corrigan, P. W., Williams, P., Canar, J., & Kubiak, M. A. (1999). Changing attitudes about schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 25, 447–456. – reference: Ronay, R., & Kim, D. Y. (2006). Gender differences in explicit and implicit risk attitudes: A socially facilitated phenomenon. British Journal of Social Psychology, 45, 397–419. – reference: Corrigan, P. W., Morris S. B., Michaels, P. J., Rafacz, J. D., & Rüsch, N. (2012). Challenging the public stigma of mental illness: A meta-analysis of outcome studies. Psychiatric Services, 63, 963–973. – reference: Brewer, M. B., Dull, V., & Lui, L. (1981). Perceptions of the elderly: Stereotypes as prototypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 656–670. – reference: Horch, J. D., & Hodgins, D. C. (2013). Stereotypes of problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Issues, 28, 1–19. – reference: Ladouceur, R., Ferland, F., Vitaro, F., & Pelletier, O. (2005). Modifying youths’ perception toward pathological gamblers. Addictive Behaviors, 30, 351–354. – reference: Martin, J. K., Pescosolido, B. A., & Tuch, S. A. (2000). Of fear and loathing: The role of ‘disturbing behavior,’ labels, and causal attributions in shaping public attitudes toward people with mental illness. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41, 208–223. – reference: Schomerus, G., Lucht, M., Holzinger, A., Matschinger, H., Carta, M. G., & Angermeyer, M. C. (2011). The stigma of alcohol dependence compared with other mental disorders: A review of population studies. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 46, 105–112. – reference: Devine, P. G., & Baker, S. M. (1991). Measurement of racial stereotype subtyping. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 44–50. |
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Title | 愛好家サブカテゴリーの顕現化によるギャンブラーへの潜在的態度の肯定化 |
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ispartofPNX | 実験社会心理学研究, 2021, Vol.60(2), pp.113-124 |
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