集団間状況下での合意性推定――自己， 内集団他者， 外集団他者に関する手がかり情報の影響について
本研究では，自己や内集団他者，及び，外集団他者に関する手がかり情報が，内集団や外集団における合意性推定にどのような影響を及ぼすのかについて検討した。その際，最小条件集団パラダイムを用いて内集団―外集団状況を作り出し，自己，内集団他者，外集団他者のいずれかの課題遂行の「結果」（成功または失敗）をフィードバックすることで，手がかり情報の内容を実験的に操作した。その結果，「自己」の結果に関する情報がフィードバックされた場合には，自己と同一の結果に対する合意性をより高く推定する「フォールス・コンセンサス効果」が，内集団においてのみ見出された。一方，「内集団他者」に関する情報がフィードバックされた場合に...
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| Published in | 実験社会心理学研究 Vol. 50; no. 1; pp. 37 - 48 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会
2010
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0387-7973 1348-6276 |
| DOI | 10.2130/jjesp.50.37 |
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| Abstract | 本研究では，自己や内集団他者，及び，外集団他者に関する手がかり情報が，内集団や外集団における合意性推定にどのような影響を及ぼすのかについて検討した。その際，最小条件集団パラダイムを用いて内集団―外集団状況を作り出し，自己，内集団他者，外集団他者のいずれかの課題遂行の「結果」（成功または失敗）をフィードバックすることで，手がかり情報の内容を実験的に操作した。その結果，「自己」の結果に関する情報がフィードバックされた場合には，自己と同一の結果に対する合意性をより高く推定する「フォールス・コンセンサス効果」が，内集団においてのみ見出された。一方，「内集団他者」に関する情報がフィードバックされた場合には，これとは異なり，内集団に関する推定と外集団に関する推定との間で，「対比的」な合意性推定パターンが見出された。具体的には，提示された内集団他者と同一の結果に対する合意性が，内集団において高く推定される一方，外集団においては低く推定される傾向が見出された。また，「外集団他者」の結果がフィードバックされた場合にも，同様に，「対比的」な合意性推定パターンが見出された。この場合には，提示された外集団他者と同一の結果に対する合意性が，（当該他者の所属集団である）外集団において高く推定され，（当該他者の非所属集団である）内集団においては低く推定されていた。これらの結果を，自己に関する情報と他者に関する情報の属性の差異に注目して考察した。 |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | 本研究では，自己や内集団他者，及び，外集団他者に関する手がかり情報が，内集団や外集団における合意性推定にどのような影響を及ぼすのかについて検討した。その際，最小条件集団パラダイムを用いて内集団―外集団状況を作り出し，自己，内集団他者，外集団他者のいずれかの課題遂行の「結果」（成功または失敗）をフィードバックすることで，手がかり情報の内容を実験的に操作した。その結果，「自己」の結果に関する情報がフィードバックされた場合には，自己と同一の結果に対する合意性をより高く推定する「フォールス・コンセンサス効果」が，内集団においてのみ見出された。一方，「内集団他者」に関する情報がフィードバックされた場合には，これとは異なり，内集団に関する推定と外集団に関する推定との間で，「対比的」な合意性推定パターンが見出された。具体的には，提示された内集団他者と同一の結果に対する合意性が，内集団において高く推定される一方，外集団においては低く推定される傾向が見出された。また，「外集団他者」の結果がフィードバックされた場合にも，同様に，「対比的」な合意性推定パターンが見出された。この場合には，提示された外集団他者と同一の結果に対する合意性が，（当該他者の所属集団である）外集団において高く推定され，（当該他者の非所属集団である）内集団においては低く推定されていた。これらの結果を，自己に関する情報と他者に関する情報の属性の差異に注目して考察した。 |
| Author | 田村, 美恵 |
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| Copyright | 2010 日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会 |
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| References | Otten, S., & Wentura, D. (2001). Self-anchoring and in-group favoritism: An individual profiles analysis. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 525-532. Marks, G., & Miller, N. (1987). Ten years of research on the false-consensus effect: An empirical and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 102, 72-90. Bargh, J. A. (1982). Attention and automaticitiy in the processing of self-relevant information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 425-436. Yaniv, I. (2004). Receiving other people's advice: Influence and benefit. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 93, 1-13. Dunning, D., Meyerowitz, J. A., & Holzberg, A. D. (1989). Ambiguity and self-evaluation: The role of idiosyncractic trait definitions in self-serving assessments of ability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1082-1090. Krueger, J., & Clement, R. W. (1996). Inferring category characteristics from sample characteristics: Inductive reasoning and social projection. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 125, 52-68. Monin, B., & Norton, M. I. (2003). Perceptions of a fluid consensus: Uniqueness bias, false consensus, false polarization and pluralistic ignorance in a water conservation crisis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 559-567. Hansen, R. D., & Donoghue, J. M. (1977). The power of consensus: Information derived from one's own and others' behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 294-302. Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1, 149-178. Robbins, J. M., & Krueger, J. I. (2005). Social projections to ingroups and outgroups: A review and meta-analysis. Personality and Socia Psychology Review, 9, 32-47. 坂野 登（1988）．子どものこころを読む 青木書店 Krueger, J., & Clement, R. W. (1994). The truly false consensus effect: An ineradicable and egocentric bias in social perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 594-610. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In W. Trobe, & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (2nd edn). Chicago: Nelson-Hall, pp. 7-24. Karasawa, M. (2003). Projecting group liking and ethnocentrism on in-group members: False consensus effect of attitude strength. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 6, 103-116. Spears, R., & Manstead, A. S. R. (1990). Consensus estimation in social context. In W. Stroebe, & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology. Vol. 1. Chichester, England: Johnson Wiley & Sons, pp. 81-110. Messick, D. M., & Mackie, D. M. (1989). Intergroup relations. Annual Review of Psychology, 40, 45-81. Otten, S., & Wentura, D. (1999). About the impact of automaticity in the minimal group paradigm: Evidence from affective priming tasks. European journal of Social Psychology, 29, 1049-1071. Krueger, J. (1998). On the perception of social consensus. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology. Vol. 30. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 163-240. Clement, R. W., & Krueger, J. (2002). Social categorization moderates social projection. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 219-231. Brewer, M. B. (1988). A dual process model of impression formation. In T. K. Srull, & R. S. Wyer, Jr. (Eds.), A dual process model of impression formation: Advances in social cognition. Vol. 1. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 1-36. Cadinu, M. R., & Rothbart, M. (1996). Self-anchoring and differentiation processes in the minimal group setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 661-677. 田村美恵（2002）．他者の判断が合意性推定に及ぼす影響――課題の重要性との関連で―― 神戸外大論叢，53, 43-61. Brewer, M. B. (1979). In-group bias in the minimal intergroup situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 307-324. de la Haye, A. M. (2001). False consensus and the outgroup homogeniety effect: Interference in measurement or intrinsically dependent processes? European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 217-230. Gramzow, R. H., & Gaertner, L. (2005). Self-esteem and favoritism toward novel in-groups: The self as an evaluative base. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 801-815. Mullen, B., Dovidio, J. F., Johnson, C., & Copper, C. (1992). In-group-out-group differences in social projection. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28, 422-440. Fiske, S. T., & Neuberg, S. L. (1990). A continuum of impression formation, from category-based to individuating processes: Influences of information and motivation on attention and interpretation. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology. Vol. 23. NY: Academic Press, pp. 1-74. Gawronski, B., Bodenhausen, G. V., & Banse, R. (2005). We are, therefore they aren't: Ingroup construal as a standard of comparison for outgroup judgments. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 41, 515-526. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of social conflict. In W. Austin, & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole, pp. 33-47. Clement, R. W., & Krueger, J. (2000). The primacy of self-referent information in perceptions of social consensus. British Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 279-299. Krueger, J. (2000). The projective perception of the social world: A building block of social comparison processes. In J. Suls, & L. Wheeler (Eds.), Handbook of social comparison: Theory and research. NY: Plenum/Kluwer, pp. 323-351. Krueger, J., & Stanke, D. (2001). The role of self-referent and other-referent knowledge in perceptions of group characteristics. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 878-888. Dawes, R. M. (1989). Statistical criteria for establishing a truly false consensus effect. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 1-17. Krueger, J., & Zeiger, J. S. (1993). Social categorization and the truly false consensus effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 670-680. Ross, L., Greene, D., & House, P. (1977). The "false consensus effect": An egocentric bias in social perception and attribution processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13, 279-301. Musseweiler, T., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (2002). I know you are, but what am I? Self evaluative consequences of judging in-group and out-group members. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 19-32. Tajfel, H., & Wilks, A. L. (1963). Classification and qualitative judgment. British Journal of Psychology, 54, 101-114. Mullen, B., & Hu, L. (1988). Social projection as a function of cognitive mechanisms: Two meta-analytic integrations. British Journal of Social Psychology, 27, 333-356. Wood, N., & Cowan, N. (1995). Tthe cocktail party phenomenon revisited: How frequent are attention shifts to one's name in an irrelevant auditory channel? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 255-260. Krueger, J. (1996). Personal beliefs and cultural stereotypes about racial characteristics. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 536-548. Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford, UK: Blackwell. Wegner, D. M., & Bargh, J. A. (1998). Control and automaticity in social life. In D. T. Gillbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Kindzet (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology. Vol. 1. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill, pp. 446-496. Allison, S. T., Messick, D. M., & Goethals, G. R. (1989). On being better but not smarter than others: The Muhammand Ali effect. Social Cognition, 7, 275-296. |
| References_xml | – reference: Robbins, J. M., & Krueger, J. I. (2005). Social projections to ingroups and outgroups: A review and meta-analysis. Personality and Socia Psychology Review, 9, 32-47. – reference: Ross, L., Greene, D., & House, P. (1977). The "false consensus effect": An egocentric bias in social perception and attribution processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13, 279-301. – reference: Karasawa, M. (2003). Projecting group liking and ethnocentrism on in-group members: False consensus effect of attitude strength. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 6, 103-116. – reference: Fiske, S. T., & Neuberg, S. L. (1990). A continuum of impression formation, from category-based to individuating processes: Influences of information and motivation on attention and interpretation. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology. Vol. 23. NY: Academic Press, pp. 1-74. – reference: Bargh, J. A. (1982). Attention and automaticitiy in the processing of self-relevant information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 425-436. – reference: Krueger, J. (1998). On the perception of social consensus. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology. Vol. 30. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 163-240. – reference: Cadinu, M. R., & Rothbart, M. (1996). Self-anchoring and differentiation processes in the minimal group setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 661-677. – reference: Messick, D. M., & Mackie, D. M. (1989). Intergroup relations. Annual Review of Psychology, 40, 45-81. – reference: Brewer, M. B. (1988). A dual process model of impression formation. In T. K. Srull, & R. S. Wyer, Jr. (Eds.), A dual process model of impression formation: Advances in social cognition. Vol. 1. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 1-36. – reference: Krueger, J., & Stanke, D. (2001). The role of self-referent and other-referent knowledge in perceptions of group characteristics. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 878-888. – reference: Krueger, J., & Clement, R. W. (1994). The truly false consensus effect: An ineradicable and egocentric bias in social perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 594-610. – reference: Mullen, B., & Hu, L. (1988). Social projection as a function of cognitive mechanisms: Two meta-analytic integrations. British Journal of Social Psychology, 27, 333-356. – reference: Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In W. Trobe, & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (2nd edn). Chicago: Nelson-Hall, pp. 7-24. – reference: 田村美恵（2002）．他者の判断が合意性推定に及ぼす影響――課題の重要性との関連で―― 神戸外大論叢，53, 43-61. – reference: Otten, S., & Wentura, D. (2001). Self-anchoring and in-group favoritism: An individual profiles analysis. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 525-532. – reference: Hansen, R. D., & Donoghue, J. M. (1977). The power of consensus: Information derived from one's own and others' behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 294-302. – reference: Krueger, J. (2000). The projective perception of the social world: A building block of social comparison processes. In J. Suls, & L. Wheeler (Eds.), Handbook of social comparison: Theory and research. NY: Plenum/Kluwer, pp. 323-351. – reference: Allison, S. T., Messick, D. M., & Goethals, G. R. (1989). On being better but not smarter than others: The Muhammand Ali effect. Social Cognition, 7, 275-296. – reference: Brewer, M. B. (1979). In-group bias in the minimal intergroup situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 307-324. – reference: Krueger, J. (1996). Personal beliefs and cultural stereotypes about racial characteristics. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 536-548. – reference: Musseweiler, T., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (2002). I know you are, but what am I? Self evaluative consequences of judging in-group and out-group members. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 19-32. – reference: Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1, 149-178. – reference: Gramzow, R. H., & Gaertner, L. (2005). Self-esteem and favoritism toward novel in-groups: The self as an evaluative base. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 801-815. – reference: Wegner, D. M., & Bargh, J. A. (1998). Control and automaticity in social life. In D. T. Gillbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Kindzet (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology. Vol. 1. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill, pp. 446-496. – reference: Krueger, J., & Zeiger, J. S. (1993). Social categorization and the truly false consensus effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 670-680. – reference: Marks, G., & Miller, N. (1987). Ten years of research on the false-consensus effect: An empirical and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 102, 72-90. – reference: Clement, R. W., & Krueger, J. (2000). The primacy of self-referent information in perceptions of social consensus. British Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 279-299. – reference: Monin, B., & Norton, M. I. (2003). Perceptions of a fluid consensus: Uniqueness bias, false consensus, false polarization and pluralistic ignorance in a water conservation crisis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 559-567. – reference: Yaniv, I. (2004). Receiving other people's advice: Influence and benefit. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 93, 1-13. – reference: Otten, S., & Wentura, D. (1999). About the impact of automaticity in the minimal group paradigm: Evidence from affective priming tasks. European journal of Social Psychology, 29, 1049-1071. – reference: Spears, R., & Manstead, A. S. R. (1990). Consensus estimation in social context. In W. Stroebe, & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology. Vol. 1. Chichester, England: Johnson Wiley & Sons, pp. 81-110. – reference: Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford, UK: Blackwell. – reference: Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of social conflict. In W. Austin, & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole, pp. 33-47. – reference: Wood, N., & Cowan, N. (1995). Tthe cocktail party phenomenon revisited: How frequent are attention shifts to one's name in an irrelevant auditory channel? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 255-260. – reference: Gawronski, B., Bodenhausen, G. V., & Banse, R. (2005). We are, therefore they aren't: Ingroup construal as a standard of comparison for outgroup judgments. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 41, 515-526. – reference: Tajfel, H., & Wilks, A. L. (1963). Classification and qualitative judgment. British Journal of Psychology, 54, 101-114. – reference: Clement, R. W., & Krueger, J. (2002). Social categorization moderates social projection. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 219-231. – reference: 坂野 登（1988）．子どものこころを読む 青木書店 – reference: Krueger, J., & Clement, R. W. (1996). Inferring category characteristics from sample characteristics: Inductive reasoning and social projection. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 125, 52-68. – reference: Dawes, R. M. (1989). Statistical criteria for establishing a truly false consensus effect. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 1-17. – reference: de la Haye, A. M. (2001). False consensus and the outgroup homogeniety effect: Interference in measurement or intrinsically dependent processes? European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 217-230. – reference: Dunning, D., Meyerowitz, J. A., & Holzberg, A. D. (1989). Ambiguity and self-evaluation: The role of idiosyncractic trait definitions in self-serving assessments of ability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1082-1090. – reference: Mullen, B., Dovidio, J. F., Johnson, C., & Copper, C. (1992). In-group-out-group differences in social projection. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28, 422-440. |
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| Title | 集団間状況下での合意性推定――自己， 内集団他者， 外集団他者に関する手がかり情報の影響について |
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| ispartofPNX | 実験社会心理学研究, 2010, Vol.50(1), pp.37-48 |
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