ecoinvent – An Introduction to the LCI Database and the Organization Behind it
The year 2023 marks both the tenth anniversary of the ecoinvent association and twenty years since the first release of the ecoinvent life cycle inventory （LCI） database. In this article, we reflect on the achievements of ecoinvent and its LCI database to date, introduce its main features and applic...
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| Published in | 日本LCA学会誌 Vol. 19; no. 4; pp. 215 - 226 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
日本LCA学会
2023
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1880-2761 1881-0519 |
| DOI | 10.3370/lca.19.215 |
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| Abstract | The year 2023 marks both the tenth anniversary of the ecoinvent association and twenty years since the first release of the ecoinvent life cycle inventory （LCI） database. In this article, we reflect on the achievements of ecoinvent and its LCI database to date, introduce its main features and application areas, and invite the LCA community in Japan and more broadly to engage and benefit from the resources and support provided. Through continuous development and updates, the ecoinvent database has evolved into a valuable resource for LCA practitioners worldwide, offering reliable, transparent, and consistent background data to support sustainable decision-making and environmental assessments. Looking forward ecoinvent plans to enhance its data framework, collaborate with global data providers, improve user-friendliness, facilitate data exchange, and support future extensions to advance sustainable decision-making worldwide. |
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| AbstractList | The year 2023 marks both the tenth anniversary of the ecoinvent association and twenty years since the first release of the ecoinvent life cycle inventory （LCI） database. In this article, we reflect on the achievements of ecoinvent and its LCI database to date, introduce its main features and application areas, and invite the LCA community in Japan and more broadly to engage and benefit from the resources and support provided. Through continuous development and updates, the ecoinvent database has evolved into a valuable resource for LCA practitioners worldwide, offering reliable, transparent, and consistent background data to support sustainable decision-making and environmental assessments. Looking forward ecoinvent plans to enhance its data framework, collaborate with global data providers, improve user-friendliness, facilitate data exchange, and support future extensions to advance sustainable decision-making worldwide. |
| Author | Avraam, SYMEONIDIS Emilia, MORENO-RUIZ Carl, VADENBO Lucia, VALSASINA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Lucia, VALSASINA organization: ecoinvent Association – sequence: 1 fullname: Emilia, MORENO-RUIZ organization: ecoinvent Association – sequence: 1 fullname: Carl, VADENBO organization: ecoinvent Association – sequence: 1 fullname: Avraam, SYMEONIDIS organization: ecoinvent Association |
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| Copyright | 2023 日本LCA学会 |
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| DOI | 10.3370/lca.19.215 |
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| References | 4) ecoinvent （n.d）, ecoSpold2, available at <https://ecoinvent.org/the-ecoinvent-database/data-formats/ecospold2/>, （Accessed 2023-8-28） 33) UNEP （United Nations Environment Programme） （2011）: Global guidance principles for life cycle assessment databases - A basis for greener processes and products, UNEP, Paris, FRA, 157pp. 30) Schrijvers D.L., Loubet P., Sonnemann G. （2016）: Critical review of guidelines against a systematic framework about consistency on allocation procedures for recycling in LCA, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 21, 994-1008 34) U.S. National Research Council （2008）: Minerals, Critical Minerals, and the U.S. Economy. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA, 262pp. 7) Frischknecht R., Jungbluth N., Althaus HJ., Doka G., Heck T., Hellweg S., Hischier R., Nemecek T., Rebitzer G., Spielmann M., Wernet G. （2007）: Overview and Methodology. ecoinvent report No. 1. Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf, CHE, 68pp. 6) Frischknecht R., Jungbluth N., Althaus H.J., Doka G., Dones R., Heck T., Hellweg S., Hischier R., Nemecek T., Rebitzer G., Spielmann M. （2005）: The ecoinvent Database: Overview and Methodological Framework. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 10, 3-9 8) Kuronen A., Lehtovaara M. Jakobsson S. （2020）: Issuance Based Residual Mix Calculation Methodology. Version 1.2. Grexel Systems Ltd., Helsinki, FIN, 39pp. 15) IEA （International Energy Agency） （2022b）: Methane Tracker 2022, available at <https://www.iea.org/articles/methane-tracker-data-explorer>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） 43) World Bank （n.d.）, World Integrated Trade Solutions, available at <https://wits.worldbank.org/Default.aspx?lang=en>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） 35) USDA （United States Department of Agriculture） （2020）: Japan Grain and Feed Annual Report, available at <https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/japan-grain-and-feed-annual-5>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） 32) Steubing B., Mendoza Beltran A. Sacchi R. （2023）: Conditions for the broad application of prospective life cycle inventory databases, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 28, 1092-1103 38) Vandepaer L., Treyer K., Mutel C., Bauer C., Amor B., （2019）: The integration of long-term marginal electricity supply mixes in the ecoinvent consequential database version 3.4 and examination of modeling choices, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 24 （8）, 1409-1428 21) IOGP （International Association of Oil and Gas Producers） （2020）: Environmental performance indicators – 2019 data, available at <https://www.iogp.org/bookstore/product/environmental-performance-indicators-2019-data/>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） 41) Wernet G., Bauer C., Steubing B., Reinhard J., Moreno-Ruiz E., Weidema B. （2016）: The ecoinvent database version 3 （part I）: overview and methodology, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 21, 1218-1230 18) ISO （International Organization for Standardization） （2006b）: 14044:2006 Environmental management-Life cycle assessment-Requirements and guidelines, available at <https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） 28) OEC （The Observatory of Economic Complexity） （2023）: Coffee in Japan, available at <https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/coffee/reporter/jpn?redirect=true>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） 2) BP （2022）: bp Statistical Review of World Energy June 2022. BP, London, GBR, 57pp. 31) Steubing B., Wernet G., Reinhard J., Bauer C., Moreno-Ruiz E. （2016）: The ecoinvent database version 3 （part II）: analyzing LCA results and comparison to version 2., The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 21, 1269-281 9) Hatayama H., Tahara K. （2015）: Evaluating the sufficiency of Japan’s mineral resource entitlements for supply risk mitigation, Resources Policy, 44, 72-80 37) Valente A., Vadenbo C., Fazio S., Shobatake K. Edelen A., Sonderegger T., Diaconu E., Ingwersen W. （In preparation）: GLAD flow mapping project: insights and outlook 1) Agez M., Wood R., Margni M., Strømman A. H., Samson R., Majeau‐Bettez G. （2020）: Hybridization of complete PLCA and MRIO databases for a comprehensive product system coverage, In Journal of Industrial Ecology, 24, 774-790 27) Nansai K., Nakajima K., Suh S., Kagawa S., Kondo Y., Takayanagi W., Shigetomi Y. （2017）: The role of primary processing in the supply risks of critical metals, Economic Systems Research, 29:3, 335-356 5) European Committee for Standardization （2012）: Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declarations - Core rules for the product category of construction products （EN Standard No. 15804:2012）. European Committee for Standardization, CEN. Brussels, BEL. 78pp. 13) IEA （International Energy Agency） （2019） The Future of Hydrogen - Seizing today’s opportunities, International Energy Agency （IEA）, Paris, FRA, 201pp. 40) Weidema B.P. （2018）: In Search of a Consistent Solution to Allocation of Joint Production, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 22 （2）, 252-262 19) ISO （International Organization for Standardization） （2006c）: 14025:2006 Environmental labels and declarations-Type III environmental declarations -Principles and procedures, available at: <https://www.iso.org/standard/38131.html>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） 22) Jakobs A., Schulte S., Pauliuk S. （2021）: Price Variance in Hybrid-LCA Leads to Significant Uncertainty in Carbon Footprints. Frontiers in Sustainability, 2 29) Sacchi R., Terlouw T., Siala K., Dirnaichner A., Bauer C., Cox B., Mutel C., Daioglou V., Luderer G. （2022）: PRospective EnvironMental Impact asSEment （premise）: A streamlined approach to producing databases for prospective life cycle assessment using integrated assessment models, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 160 23) Langkau S., Steubing B., Mutel C., Ajie M. P., Erdmann L., Voglhuber-Slavinsky A., Janssen M. （2023）: A stepwise approach for Scenario-based Inventory Modelling for Prospective LCA （SIMPL）, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 1-25 42) World Bank （2022）, 2022 Global Gas Flaring Tracker. Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership （GGFR）, available at: <https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/gasflaringreduction/global-flaring-data>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） 24) Meinshausen I., Müller-Beilschmidt P. Viere, T. （2016）: The EcoSpold 2 format-why a new format?, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 21, 1231-1235 16) IMO （International Maritime Organisation） （2023）: RESOLUTION MEPC.377（80） Adopted on 7 July 2023: 2023 IMO STRATEGY ON REDUCTION OF GHG EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS, available at <https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/Documents/Resolution%20MEPC.377(80).pdf>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） 36) USGS （U.S. Geological Survey） （2018）: 2017-2018 Mineral Yearbook- Japan （advanced release）, available at <https://pubs.usgs.gov/myb/vol3/2017-18/myb3-2017-18-japan.pdf>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） 14) IEA （International Energy Agency） （2022a）: World Energy Balances, Database Documentation, 2022 Edition, available at <https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-balances>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） 25) METI （Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry） （2021）, Green Growth Strategy Through Achieving Carbon Neutrality in 2050, available at <https://www.meti.go.jp/english/policy/energy_environment/global_warming/ggs2050/pdf/ggs_full_en1013.pdf>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） 39) Weidema B., Bauer C., Hischier R., Mutel C.L., Nemecek T., Reinhard J., Vadenb C.O., Wernet G. （2013）: Overview and methodology: data quality guideline for the ecoinvent database version 3, ecoinvent Centre. Zurich, CHE, 161pp. 20) ISO （International Organization for Standardization） （2017）: 21930:2017 Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works - Core rules for environmental product declarations of construction products and services, available at <https://www.iso.org/standard/61694.html>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） 11) Heijungs R., Allacker K., Benetto E., Brandão M., Guinée J., Schaubroeck S., Schaubroeck T., Zamagni A. （2021）: System Expansion and Substitution in LCA: A Lost Opportunity of ISO 14044 Amendment 2, Frontiers in Sustainability, 2, 3 17) ISO （International Organization for Standardization） （2006a）: ISO 14040:2006 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework, available at <https://www.iso.org/standard/37456.html>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） 10) Hedemann J., König U. （2007）: Technical Documentation of the ecoinvent Database. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0, No. 4. Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf, CHE, 29pp. 12) Hellweg S., Benetto E., Huijbregts M.A.J., Verones F., Woods R. （2023）: Life-cycle assessment to guide solutions for the triple planetary crisis. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 4, 471-486 3) ecoinvent （2023）, ecoinvent v3.9.1, available at <https://ecoinvent.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Database-Overview-for-ecoinvent-v3.9.1.xlsx>, （Accessed 2023-8-28） 26) Miyamoto W., Kosai S., Hashimoto S. （2019）: Evaluating metal criticality for low-carbon power generation technologies in Japan, Minerals, 9 （2）, 95, 1-17 |
| References_xml | – reference: 3) ecoinvent （2023）, ecoinvent v3.9.1, available at <https://ecoinvent.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Database-Overview-for-ecoinvent-v3.9.1.xlsx>, （Accessed 2023-8-28） – reference: 28) OEC （The Observatory of Economic Complexity） （2023）: Coffee in Japan, available at <https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/coffee/reporter/jpn?redirect=true>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） – reference: 15) IEA （International Energy Agency） （2022b）: Methane Tracker 2022, available at <https://www.iea.org/articles/methane-tracker-data-explorer>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） – reference: 16) IMO （International Maritime Organisation） （2023）: RESOLUTION MEPC.377（80） Adopted on 7 July 2023: 2023 IMO STRATEGY ON REDUCTION OF GHG EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS, available at <https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/Documents/Resolution%20MEPC.377(80).pdf>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） – reference: 7) Frischknecht R., Jungbluth N., Althaus HJ., Doka G., Heck T., Hellweg S., Hischier R., Nemecek T., Rebitzer G., Spielmann M., Wernet G. （2007）: Overview and Methodology. ecoinvent report No. 1. Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf, CHE, 68pp. – reference: 37) Valente A., Vadenbo C., Fazio S., Shobatake K. Edelen A., Sonderegger T., Diaconu E., Ingwersen W. （In preparation）: GLAD flow mapping project: insights and outlook – reference: 30) Schrijvers D.L., Loubet P., Sonnemann G. （2016）: Critical review of guidelines against a systematic framework about consistency on allocation procedures for recycling in LCA, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 21, 994-1008 – reference: 14) IEA （International Energy Agency） （2022a）: World Energy Balances, Database Documentation, 2022 Edition, available at <https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-balances>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） – reference: 21) IOGP （International Association of Oil and Gas Producers） （2020）: Environmental performance indicators – 2019 data, available at <https://www.iogp.org/bookstore/product/environmental-performance-indicators-2019-data/>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） – reference: 29) Sacchi R., Terlouw T., Siala K., Dirnaichner A., Bauer C., Cox B., Mutel C., Daioglou V., Luderer G. （2022）: PRospective EnvironMental Impact asSEment （premise）: A streamlined approach to producing databases for prospective life cycle assessment using integrated assessment models, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 160 – reference: 18) ISO （International Organization for Standardization） （2006b）: 14044:2006 Environmental management-Life cycle assessment-Requirements and guidelines, available at <https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） – reference: 31) Steubing B., Wernet G., Reinhard J., Bauer C., Moreno-Ruiz E. （2016）: The ecoinvent database version 3 （part II）: analyzing LCA results and comparison to version 2., The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 21, 1269-281 – reference: 23) Langkau S., Steubing B., Mutel C., Ajie M. P., Erdmann L., Voglhuber-Slavinsky A., Janssen M. （2023）: A stepwise approach for Scenario-based Inventory Modelling for Prospective LCA （SIMPL）, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 1-25 – reference: 4) ecoinvent （n.d）, ecoSpold2, available at <https://ecoinvent.org/the-ecoinvent-database/data-formats/ecospold2/>, （Accessed 2023-8-28） – reference: 8) Kuronen A., Lehtovaara M. Jakobsson S. （2020）: Issuance Based Residual Mix Calculation Methodology. Version 1.2. Grexel Systems Ltd., Helsinki, FIN, 39pp. – reference: 39) Weidema B., Bauer C., Hischier R., Mutel C.L., Nemecek T., Reinhard J., Vadenb C.O., Wernet G. （2013）: Overview and methodology: data quality guideline for the ecoinvent database version 3, ecoinvent Centre. Zurich, CHE, 161pp. – reference: 32) Steubing B., Mendoza Beltran A. Sacchi R. （2023）: Conditions for the broad application of prospective life cycle inventory databases, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 28, 1092-1103 – reference: 1) Agez M., Wood R., Margni M., Strømman A. H., Samson R., Majeau‐Bettez G. （2020）: Hybridization of complete PLCA and MRIO databases for a comprehensive product system coverage, In Journal of Industrial Ecology, 24, 774-790 – reference: 43) World Bank （n.d.）, World Integrated Trade Solutions, available at <https://wits.worldbank.org/Default.aspx?lang=en>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） – reference: 6) Frischknecht R., Jungbluth N., Althaus H.J., Doka G., Dones R., Heck T., Hellweg S., Hischier R., Nemecek T., Rebitzer G., Spielmann M. （2005）: The ecoinvent Database: Overview and Methodological Framework. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 10, 3-9 – reference: 26) Miyamoto W., Kosai S., Hashimoto S. （2019）: Evaluating metal criticality for low-carbon power generation technologies in Japan, Minerals, 9 （2）, 95, 1-17 – reference: 36) USGS （U.S. Geological Survey） （2018）: 2017-2018 Mineral Yearbook- Japan （advanced release）, available at <https://pubs.usgs.gov/myb/vol3/2017-18/myb3-2017-18-japan.pdf>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） – reference: 27) Nansai K., Nakajima K., Suh S., Kagawa S., Kondo Y., Takayanagi W., Shigetomi Y. （2017）: The role of primary processing in the supply risks of critical metals, Economic Systems Research, 29:3, 335-356 – reference: 17) ISO （International Organization for Standardization） （2006a）: ISO 14040:2006 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework, available at <https://www.iso.org/standard/37456.html>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） – reference: 9) Hatayama H., Tahara K. （2015）: Evaluating the sufficiency of Japan’s mineral resource entitlements for supply risk mitigation, Resources Policy, 44, 72-80 – reference: 24) Meinshausen I., Müller-Beilschmidt P. Viere, T. （2016）: The EcoSpold 2 format-why a new format?, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 21, 1231-1235 – reference: 20) ISO （International Organization for Standardization） （2017）: 21930:2017 Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works - Core rules for environmental product declarations of construction products and services, available at <https://www.iso.org/standard/61694.html>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） – reference: 25) METI （Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry） （2021）, Green Growth Strategy Through Achieving Carbon Neutrality in 2050, available at <https://www.meti.go.jp/english/policy/energy_environment/global_warming/ggs2050/pdf/ggs_full_en1013.pdf>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） – reference: 35) USDA （United States Department of Agriculture） （2020）: Japan Grain and Feed Annual Report, available at <https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/japan-grain-and-feed-annual-5>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） – reference: 5) European Committee for Standardization （2012）: Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declarations - Core rules for the product category of construction products （EN Standard No. 15804:2012）. European Committee for Standardization, CEN. Brussels, BEL. 78pp. – reference: 33) UNEP （United Nations Environment Programme） （2011）: Global guidance principles for life cycle assessment databases - A basis for greener processes and products, UNEP, Paris, FRA, 157pp. – reference: 42) World Bank （2022）, 2022 Global Gas Flaring Tracker. Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership （GGFR）, available at: <https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/gasflaringreduction/global-flaring-data>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） – reference: 38) Vandepaer L., Treyer K., Mutel C., Bauer C., Amor B., （2019）: The integration of long-term marginal electricity supply mixes in the ecoinvent consequential database version 3.4 and examination of modeling choices, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 24 （8）, 1409-1428 – reference: 19) ISO （International Organization for Standardization） （2006c）: 14025:2006 Environmental labels and declarations-Type III environmental declarations -Principles and procedures, available at: <https://www.iso.org/standard/38131.html>, （Accessed 2023-7-21） – reference: 34) U.S. National Research Council （2008）: Minerals, Critical Minerals, and the U.S. Economy. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA, 262pp. – reference: 11) Heijungs R., Allacker K., Benetto E., Brandão M., Guinée J., Schaubroeck S., Schaubroeck T., Zamagni A. （2021）: System Expansion and Substitution in LCA: A Lost Opportunity of ISO 14044 Amendment 2, Frontiers in Sustainability, 2, 3 – reference: 13) IEA （International Energy Agency） （2019） The Future of Hydrogen - Seizing today’s opportunities, International Energy Agency （IEA）, Paris, FRA, 201pp. – reference: 12) Hellweg S., Benetto E., Huijbregts M.A.J., Verones F., Woods R. （2023）: Life-cycle assessment to guide solutions for the triple planetary crisis. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 4, 471-486 – reference: 2) BP （2022）: bp Statistical Review of World Energy June 2022. BP, London, GBR, 57pp. – reference: 22) Jakobs A., Schulte S., Pauliuk S. （2021）: Price Variance in Hybrid-LCA Leads to Significant Uncertainty in Carbon Footprints. Frontiers in Sustainability, 2 – reference: 10) Hedemann J., König U. （2007）: Technical Documentation of the ecoinvent Database. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0, No. 4. Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf, CHE, 29pp. – reference: 40) Weidema B.P. （2018）: In Search of a Consistent Solution to Allocation of Joint Production, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 22 （2）, 252-262 – reference: 41) Wernet G., Bauer C., Steubing B., Reinhard J., Moreno-Ruiz E., Weidema B. （2016）: The ecoinvent database version 3 （part I）: overview and methodology, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 21, 1218-1230 |
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| Title | ecoinvent – An Introduction to the LCI Database and the Organization Behind it |
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| ispartofPNX | 日本LCA学会誌, 2023, Vol.19(4), pp.215-226 |
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