日本における「食事摂取基準」の起源
【目的】 日本の近代化において，「適切な食事摂取」を求める背景にどのような栄養学的課題が存在したのかを明らかにし，それが現在の「食事摂取基準」に至るまでの歴史と，今後のさらなる健康増進に向けての展望を記述すること。【方法】 日本の食事摂取基準に関する論文，書籍，国の報告書，国立栄養研究所の出版物などを通じ，歴史的背景を整理した。【結果】 日本人の食生活は長らく白米中心であったため，ビタミンB1 欠乏症である脚気が蔓延していた。多くの医師や栄養学者らはその原因究明に腐心し，人々の健康維持に必要な食事の基準を設定することを目指した。1877年には「日本人の保健食料」が策定された。1920年には国立...
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| Published in | 栄養学雑誌 Vol. 78; no. Supplement; pp. S60 - S70 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
特定非営利活動法人 日本栄養改善学会
01.12.2020
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0021-5147 1883-7921 |
| DOI | 10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.78.S60 |
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| Abstract | 【目的】 日本の近代化において，「適切な食事摂取」を求める背景にどのような栄養学的課題が存在したのかを明らかにし，それが現在の「食事摂取基準」に至るまでの歴史と，今後のさらなる健康増進に向けての展望を記述すること。【方法】 日本の食事摂取基準に関する論文，書籍，国の報告書，国立栄養研究所の出版物などを通じ，歴史的背景を整理した。【結果】 日本人の食生活は長らく白米中心であったため，ビタミンB1 欠乏症である脚気が蔓延していた。多くの医師や栄養学者らはその原因究明に腐心し，人々の健康維持に必要な食事の基準を設定することを目指した。1877年には「日本人の保健食料」が策定された。1920年には国立栄養研究所が設立され，そこで栄養必要量の研究が進められ，さらに国際連盟とも研究協力を行った。第二次世界大戦中や終戦後早期では，国民の低栄養の予防が「栄養所要量」の主たる目的であった。その後多くの研究成果の積み重ねをもとに，2000年に「食事摂取基準」が策定された。【結論】 現在の「食事摂取基準」は，人々の健康維持のための適切な栄養摂取量を追求した数々の歴史的研究成果の賜物である。人々の栄養評価，学校給食や病院給食の献立，そして食生活指針などの栄養政策の策定など，幅広く用いられるものである。今後は，「生涯を通じた栄養」の視点からの研究成果の蓄積により，次世代の健康維持へのさらなる発展が望まれる。 |
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| AbstractList | 【目的】 日本の近代化において，「適切な食事摂取」を求める背景にどのような栄養学的課題が存在したのかを明らかにし，それが現在の「食事摂取基準」に至るまでの歴史と，今後のさらなる健康増進に向けての展望を記述すること。【方法】 日本の食事摂取基準に関する論文，書籍，国の報告書，国立栄養研究所の出版物などを通じ，歴史的背景を整理した。【結果】 日本人の食生活は長らく白米中心であったため，ビタミンB1 欠乏症である脚気が蔓延していた。多くの医師や栄養学者らはその原因究明に腐心し，人々の健康維持に必要な食事の基準を設定することを目指した。1877年には「日本人の保健食料」が策定された。1920年には国立栄養研究所が設立され，そこで栄養必要量の研究が進められ，さらに国際連盟とも研究協力を行った。第二次世界大戦中や終戦後早期では，国民の低栄養の予防が「栄養所要量」の主たる目的であった。その後多くの研究成果の積み重ねをもとに，2000年に「食事摂取基準」が策定された。【結論】 現在の「食事摂取基準」は，人々の健康維持のための適切な栄養摂取量を追求した数々の歴史的研究成果の賜物である。人々の栄養評価，学校給食や病院給食の献立，そして食生活指針などの栄養政策の策定など，幅広く用いられるものである。今後は，「生涯を通じた栄養」の視点からの研究成果の蓄積により，次世代の健康維持へのさらなる発展が望まれる。 |
| Author | 瀧本, 秀美 笠岡, (坪山) 宜代 森田, 明美 廣田, 晃一 |
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| References | 10) Kaneko, S., Marui, E.: Establishment for proper diets for health and recommended dietary allowances in 1887, Minzoku-Eisei, 51, 147-151 (1985 15) Eijkman, C.: Antineuritic Vitamin and Beriberi. Nobel Lecture, 1929, https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1929/eijkman/lecture/ (Accessed May, 26, 2020 20) 有本邦太郎：日本栄養学史， (財団法人国民栄養協会編) (1981) 秀潤社，東京 [Arimoto, K.: Nihon-Eiyougakushi, (Kokumin Eiyo Kyokai ed.) (1981) Shujunsha, Tokyo] 36) FAO/WHO/UNU: Energy and protein requirements. Report of a joint FAO/WHO/UNU expert consultation. WHO technical report series 724 (1985) WHO, Geneva 14) Cooper, E.A., Funk, C.: Experiments on the causation of Beri-beri: (preliminary communication.), Lancet, 178, 1266-1267 (1911 11) 石黒忠直：陸軍兵食試験報告，中外医事新報， (261), 51-53 (1891) [Ishiguro, T.: Report of the Imperial Army Ration Trial, Chugai-Iji-Shinpo, (261), 51-53 (1891)] 1) Itoh, C.: The View of "Health" in Kaibara Ekken's "Yojo-kun", Nihon Daigaku Daigakuin SogoShakaigaku Kenkyuka Kiyou, 6, 128-137 (2005 12) Takaki, K.: Three lectures on the preservation of health amongst the personnel of the Japanese navy and army, Lancet, 167, 1369-1374 (1906 28) Council on Resources, the Prime Minister's Office ed.: A Handbook on Dietary Allowances for Japanese (1954)the Prime Minister's Office, Tokyo 9) 内務省衛生局：衛生試驗彙報，第 2 號 (1887) [Bureau of Hygiene, Ministry of Internal Affairs: Eisei-Shiken Iho, Vol 2 (1887)] 19) 栄養研究所編：栄養研究所彙報 (1924) 内務省栄養研究所，東京 [State Institute of the Study of Nutrition ed.: Eiyo-Kenkyusho Iho (1924) Interior Ministry Institute of the Study of Nutrition, Tokyo] 22) Saiki, T.: Progress of the Science of Nutrition in Japan, (Health Organization, ed.) (1926) League of Nations, Geneva 26) Ministry of Health and Welfare ed. Current Nutritional Status of the Japanese -Report of the 1950 National Nutrition Survey (1946) Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tokyo 7) No authors listed: Max Rubner (1854-1932) Energy Physiologist, JAMA., 194, 86-87 (1965 24) 藤本薫喜，露木貞文：日本人榮養要求量標準の算定並に其の根據，栄養学雑誌，1, 22-28 (1941) [Fujimoto, S., Tsuyuki, S.: Estimation of nutrition requirement standards for Japanese and its evidence, Jpn. J. Nutr. Diet., 1, 22-28 (1941)] 31) Tsuboyama-Kasaoka, N., Tsubota-Utsugi, M., Imai, E., et al.: Historical Overview of the Establishment of Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese, J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol (Tokyo), 59(Supplement), S6-S8 (2012 13) Sugiyama, Y., Seita, A.: Kanehiro Takaki and the control of beriberi in the Japanese Navy, J. R. Soc. Med., 106, 332-334 (2013 21) Archives of the League of Nations, Health Section Files, https://www.who.int/archives/fonds_collections/bytitle/fonds_3/en/ (Accessed on May, 26, 2020 5) 小池正直：大日本兵卒食料改正意見草案，東京医事新誌，230, 22-41 (1882) [Koike, M.: A draft revision for Imperial military rations, Tokyo-Iji-Shinshi, 230, 22-41 (1882)] 16) Jansen, B.C.P., Donath, W.F.: Over de isoleering van het anti-beriberi vitamine, Geneeskundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche-Indie, 66, 810-827 (1926 40) Kuruvilla, S., Sadana, R., Montesinos, E.V., et al.: A life-course approach to health: synergy with sustainable development goals, Bull. World. Health Organ., 96, 42-50 (2018 17) 鈴木梅太郎，島村虎猪：糠中の一有効成分に就て，東京化學會誌，32, 4-17 (1911) [Suzuki, U., Shimamura, T.: A vital component in rice bran, Tokyo-KagakukaiShi, 32, 4-17 (1911)] 33) Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs, United States Senate ed.: Dietary Goals for the United States 2nd Edition (1977) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 2) Bay, A.R.: Beriberi in Modern Japan: The Making of a National Disease (2012) Rochester University Press, NY, USA 4) 山下政三：鴎外森林太郎と脚気紛争 (2008) 日本評論社，東京 [Yamashita, S.: Ohgai-Mori Rintaro and Kakke Arguments (2008) Nihon-Hyoronsha, Tokyo] 8) 内務省衛生局：衛生試驗彙報，第 1 號 (1886) [Bureau of Hygiene, Ministry of Internal Affairs: Eisei-Shiken Iho, Vol 1 (1886)] 38) Institute of Medicine (US) Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes: Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride (1997) National Academies Press (US), Washington, D.C. 30) Abe, T.: The recent trends in "Kakke", Vitamin, 51, 228-233 (1977 37) Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy Panel on Dietary Reference Values. Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. Department of Health Report on Health and Social Subjects 41 (1991) Published for the Department of Health under licence from the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London 34) Sectional Meeting on Regional Health, Health Promotion, and Nutrition, Council on Health and Welfare Science, Technical Committee for Development of Next Health Promotion Action Plan, Reference material for the promotion of The Healthy Japan 21 (second term), http://www.kenkounippon21.gr.jp/kenkounippon21/about/pdf/kenkounippon21_suisin_siryou.pdf (accessed on May, 18, 2020 23) League of Nations ed.: The Problem of Nutrition (1936) League of Nations, Geneva 35) Beaton, G.H.: Recommended dietary intakes: Individuals and populations. In Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, et al., eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. pp. 1705-1725 (1999) Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 29) Council on Resources, the Prime Minister's Office ed.: 1959 revision, Dietary Allowances for Japanese (1959) the Prime Minister's Office, Tokyo 39) Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare ed.: Dietary Reference Intakes for the Japanese 2020, https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/newpage_08517.html (Accessed on May, 27, 2020 25) 大礒敏雄：日本人栄養所要量改訂のことなど．栄養学雑誌，27, 249-250 (1969) [Oiso, T.: About the revision on Dietary Allowances for Japanese, Jpn. J. Nutr. Diet., 27, 249-250 (1969)] 32) Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare ed.: Vital Statistics of Japan 2018 Vol1, Death (2019), Ministry of Health, Labour and and Welfare, Tokyo 18) Namimatsu, N.: The Formation of Nutrition Science and Tadasu Saeki, Kyoto-Sangyo-Daigaku Ronshu Shakaikagaku-Keiretsu, 34, 25-53 (2017 6) Heyll, U.: [The "Fight Over the Protein Minimum", The Conflict Between Scientific Nutrition Teaching and Food Reform in 19th and 20th Century Germany], Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr., 132, 2768-2773 (2007) [Article in German] 27) Council on Resources, the Prime Minister's Office ed.: Standard Nutrition Values for Japanese (1954) the Prime Minister's Office, Tokyo 3) Koseki, T.: Notes on Leopold Műller and Theodor E. Hoffmann, founders of the Medical School of Tokyo in the early Meiji era (2), Nihon Ishigaku Zasshi, 34, 585-600 (1988 |
| References_xml | – reference: 38) Institute of Medicine (US) Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes: Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride (1997) National Academies Press (US), Washington, D.C. – reference: 5) 小池正直：大日本兵卒食料改正意見草案，東京医事新誌，230, 22-41 (1882) [Koike, M.: A draft revision for Imperial military rations, Tokyo-Iji-Shinshi, 230, 22-41 (1882)] – reference: 7) No authors listed: Max Rubner (1854-1932) Energy Physiologist, JAMA., 194, 86-87 (1965) – reference: 32) Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare ed.: Vital Statistics of Japan 2018 Vol1, Death (2019), Ministry of Health, Labour and and Welfare, Tokyo – reference: 34) Sectional Meeting on Regional Health, Health Promotion, and Nutrition, Council on Health and Welfare Science, Technical Committee for Development of Next Health Promotion Action Plan, Reference material for the promotion of The Healthy Japan 21 (second term), http://www.kenkounippon21.gr.jp/kenkounippon21/about/pdf/kenkounippon21_suisin_siryou.pdf (accessed on May, 18, 2020) – reference: 21) Archives of the League of Nations, Health Section Files, https://www.who.int/archives/fonds_collections/bytitle/fonds_3/en/ (Accessed on May, 26, 2020) – reference: 3) Koseki, T.: Notes on Leopold Műller and Theodor E. Hoffmann, founders of the Medical School of Tokyo in the early Meiji era (2), Nihon Ishigaku Zasshi, 34, 585-600 (1988) – reference: 22) Saiki, T.: Progress of the Science of Nutrition in Japan, (Health Organization, ed.) (1926) League of Nations, Geneva – reference: 31) Tsuboyama-Kasaoka, N., Tsubota-Utsugi, M., Imai, E., et al.: Historical Overview of the Establishment of Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese, J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol (Tokyo), 59(Supplement), S6-S8 (2012) – reference: 27) Council on Resources, the Prime Minister's Office ed.: Standard Nutrition Values for Japanese (1954) the Prime Minister's Office, Tokyo – reference: 30) Abe, T.: The recent trends in "Kakke", Vitamin, 51, 228-233 (1977) – reference: 28) Council on Resources, the Prime Minister's Office ed.: A Handbook on Dietary Allowances for Japanese (1954)the Prime Minister's Office, Tokyo – reference: 19) 栄養研究所編：栄養研究所彙報 (1924) 内務省栄養研究所，東京 [State Institute of the Study of Nutrition ed.: Eiyo-Kenkyusho Iho (1924) Interior Ministry Institute of the Study of Nutrition, Tokyo] – reference: 8) 内務省衛生局：衛生試驗彙報，第 1 號 (1886) [Bureau of Hygiene, Ministry of Internal Affairs: Eisei-Shiken Iho, Vol 1 (1886)] – reference: 18) Namimatsu, N.: The Formation of Nutrition Science and Tadasu Saeki, Kyoto-Sangyo-Daigaku Ronshu Shakaikagaku-Keiretsu, 34, 25-53 (2017) – reference: 23) League of Nations ed.: The Problem of Nutrition (1936) League of Nations, Geneva – reference: 2) Bay, A.R.: Beriberi in Modern Japan: The Making of a National Disease (2012) Rochester University Press, NY, USA – reference: 39) Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare ed.: Dietary Reference Intakes for the Japanese 2020, https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/newpage_08517.html (Accessed on May, 27, 2020) – reference: 14) Cooper, E.A., Funk, C.: Experiments on the causation of Beri-beri: (preliminary communication.), Lancet, 178, 1266-1267 (1911) – reference: 17) 鈴木梅太郎，島村虎猪：糠中の一有効成分に就て，東京化學會誌，32, 4-17 (1911) [Suzuki, U., Shimamura, T.: A vital component in rice bran, Tokyo-KagakukaiShi, 32, 4-17 (1911)] – reference: 10) Kaneko, S., Marui, E.: Establishment for proper diets for health and recommended dietary allowances in 1887, Minzoku-Eisei, 51, 147-151 (1985) – reference: 37) Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy Panel on Dietary Reference Values. Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. Department of Health Report on Health and Social Subjects 41 (1991) Published for the Department of Health under licence from the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London – reference: 26) Ministry of Health and Welfare ed. Current Nutritional Status of the Japanese -Report of the 1950 National Nutrition Survey (1946) Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tokyo – reference: 35) Beaton, G.H.: Recommended dietary intakes: Individuals and populations. In Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, et al., eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. pp. 1705-1725 (1999) Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore – reference: 36) FAO/WHO/UNU: Energy and protein requirements. Report of a joint FAO/WHO/UNU expert consultation. WHO technical report series 724 (1985) WHO, Geneva – reference: 24) 藤本薫喜，露木貞文：日本人榮養要求量標準の算定並に其の根據，栄養学雑誌，1, 22-28 (1941) [Fujimoto, S., Tsuyuki, S.: Estimation of nutrition requirement standards for Japanese and its evidence, Jpn. J. Nutr. Diet., 1, 22-28 (1941)] – reference: 33) Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs, United States Senate ed.: Dietary Goals for the United States 2nd Edition (1977) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. – reference: 20) 有本邦太郎：日本栄養学史， (財団法人国民栄養協会編) (1981) 秀潤社，東京 [Arimoto, K.: Nihon-Eiyougakushi, (Kokumin Eiyo Kyokai ed.) (1981) Shujunsha, Tokyo] – reference: 1) Itoh, C.: The View of "Health" in Kaibara Ekken's "Yojo-kun", Nihon Daigaku Daigakuin SogoShakaigaku Kenkyuka Kiyou, 6, 128-137 (2005) – reference: 6) Heyll, U.: [The "Fight Over the Protein Minimum", The Conflict Between Scientific Nutrition Teaching and Food Reform in 19th and 20th Century Germany], Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr., 132, 2768-2773 (2007) [Article in German] – reference: 11) 石黒忠直：陸軍兵食試験報告，中外医事新報， (261), 51-53 (1891) [Ishiguro, T.: Report of the Imperial Army Ration Trial, Chugai-Iji-Shinpo, (261), 51-53 (1891)] – reference: 13) Sugiyama, Y., Seita, A.: Kanehiro Takaki and the control of beriberi in the Japanese Navy, J. R. Soc. Med., 106, 332-334 (2013) – reference: 40) Kuruvilla, S., Sadana, R., Montesinos, E.V., et al.: A life-course approach to health: synergy with sustainable development goals, Bull. World. Health Organ., 96, 42-50 (2018) – reference: 4) 山下政三：鴎外森林太郎と脚気紛争 (2008) 日本評論社，東京 [Yamashita, S.: Ohgai-Mori Rintaro and Kakke Arguments (2008) Nihon-Hyoronsha, Tokyo] – reference: 12) Takaki, K.: Three lectures on the preservation of health amongst the personnel of the Japanese navy and army, Lancet, 167, 1369-1374 (1906) – reference: 16) Jansen, B.C.P., Donath, W.F.: Over de isoleering van het anti-beriberi vitamine, Geneeskundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche-Indie, 66, 810-827 (1926) – reference: 9) 内務省衛生局：衛生試驗彙報，第 2 號 (1887) [Bureau of Hygiene, Ministry of Internal Affairs: Eisei-Shiken Iho, Vol 2 (1887)] – reference: 15) Eijkman, C.: Antineuritic Vitamin and Beriberi. Nobel Lecture, 1929, https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1929/eijkman/lecture/ (Accessed May, 26, 2020) – reference: 25) 大礒敏雄：日本人栄養所要量改訂のことなど．栄養学雑誌，27, 249-250 (1969) [Oiso, T.: About the revision on Dietary Allowances for Japanese, Jpn. J. Nutr. Diet., 27, 249-250 (1969)] – reference: 29) Council on Resources, the Prime Minister's Office ed.: 1959 revision, Dietary Allowances for Japanese (1959) the Prime Minister's Office, Tokyo |
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| Snippet | 【目的】 日本の近代化において，「適切な食事摂取」を求める背景にどのような栄養学的課題が存在したのかを明らかにし，それが現在の「食事摂取基準」に至るまでの歴史と，今後のさらなる健康増進に向けての展望を記述すること。【方法】... |
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| StartPage | S60 |
| SubjectTerms | 日本 栄養所要量 栄養素 食事摂取基準 |
| Title | 日本における「食事摂取基準」の起源 |
| URI | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/eiyogakuzashi/78/Supplement/78_S60/_article/-char/ja |
| Volume | 78 |
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| ispartofPNX | 栄養学雑誌, 2020/12/01, Vol.78(Supplement), pp.S60-S70 |
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