死の顕現性が自己と内集団の概念連合に与える影響
本研究は存在脅威管理理論の観点から，死の顕現性が自己と内集団の概念連合に与える影響について検証をおこなった。存在脅威管理理論では，死の顕現性が高まると文化的世界観の防衛反応が生じると仮定している。これらの仮定にもとづき，人々は死の脅威にさらされると，自己と内集団の概念連合を強めるかどうかを調べた。死の顕現性は質問紙を通じて操作し，内集団との概念連合は反応時間パラダイムをもちいて測定した。その結果，死の脅威が喚起された参加者は，自己概念と内集団概念で一致した特性語に対する判断時間が一致していない特性語よりも速くなることが明らかになった。その一方，死の脅威が喚起されても，自己概念と外集団概念で一致...
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| Published in | 実験社会心理学研究 Vol. 52; no. 1; pp. 25 - 34 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会
2012
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0387-7973 1348-6276 |
| DOI | 10.2130/jjesp.52.25 |
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| Abstract | 本研究は存在脅威管理理論の観点から，死の顕現性が自己と内集団の概念連合に与える影響について検証をおこなった。存在脅威管理理論では，死の顕現性が高まると文化的世界観の防衛反応が生じると仮定している。これらの仮定にもとづき，人々は死の脅威にさらされると，自己と内集団の概念連合を強めるかどうかを調べた。死の顕現性は質問紙を通じて操作し，内集団との概念連合は反応時間パラダイムをもちいて測定した。その結果，死の脅威が喚起された参加者は，自己概念と内集団概念で一致した特性語に対する判断時間が一致していない特性語よりも速くなることが明らかになった。その一方，死の脅威が喚起されても，自己概念と外集団概念で一致した特性語に対する判断時間は一致していない特性語よりも速くはならないことが示された。これらの結果は，死の顕現性が高まると，自己と内集団の概念連合が強化されることを示唆している。考察では，自己と内集団の概念連合と存在脅威管理プロセスとの関係性について議論した。 |
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| AbstractList | 本研究は存在脅威管理理論の観点から，死の顕現性が自己と内集団の概念連合に与える影響について検証をおこなった。存在脅威管理理論では，死の顕現性が高まると文化的世界観の防衛反応が生じると仮定している。これらの仮定にもとづき，人々は死の脅威にさらされると，自己と内集団の概念連合を強めるかどうかを調べた。死の顕現性は質問紙を通じて操作し，内集団との概念連合は反応時間パラダイムをもちいて測定した。その結果，死の脅威が喚起された参加者は，自己概念と内集団概念で一致した特性語に対する判断時間が一致していない特性語よりも速くなることが明らかになった。その一方，死の脅威が喚起されても，自己概念と外集団概念で一致した特性語に対する判断時間は一致していない特性語よりも速くはならないことが示された。これらの結果は，死の顕現性が高まると，自己と内集団の概念連合が強化されることを示唆している。考察では，自己と内集団の概念連合と存在脅威管理プロセスとの関係性について議論した。 |
| Author | 渡辺, 匠 唐沢, かおり |
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| References | Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Arndt, J., & Schimel, J. (2004). Why do people need self-esteem? A theoretical and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 435-468. Cadinu, M. R., & De Amicis, L. (1999). The relationship between the self and the ingroup: When having a common conception helps. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 58, 226-232. Florian, V., Mikulincer, M., & Hirschberger, G. (2001). Validation of personal identity as a terror management mechanism: Evidence that sex-role identity moderates mortality salience effects. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 1011-1022. Greenberg, J., Simon, L., Harmon-Jones, E., Solomon, S., Pyszczynski, T., & Lyon, D. (1995). Testing alternative explanations for mortality salience effects: Terror management, value accessibility, or worrisome thoughts? European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 417-433. Greenberg, J., Simon, L., Porteus, J., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (1995). Evidence of a terror management function of cultural icons: The effects of mortality salience on the inappropriate use of cherished cultural symbols. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 1221-1228. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-47). Monterey, CA: Brooks-Cole. Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Pyszczynski, T., Rosenblatt, A., Burling, J., Lyon, D., Simon, L., & Pinel, E. (1992). Why do people need self-esteem? Converging evidence that self-esteem serves an anxiety-buffering function. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 913-922. Taubman Ben-Ari, O., Florian, V., & Mikulincer, M. (1999). The impact of mortality salience on reckless driving: A test of terror management mechanisms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 35-45. Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (1986). The causes and consequences of a need for self-esteem: A terror management theory. In R. F. Baumeister (Ed.), Public self and private self (pp. 189-207). New York; Tokyo: Springer Verlag. Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford & New York: Basil Blackwell. Correll, J., & Park, B. (2005). A model of the ingroup as a social resource. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9, 341-359. Aron, A., Aron, E. N., Tudor, M., & Nelson, G. (1991). Close relationships as including other in the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 241-253. Knowles, M. L., & Gardner, W. L. (2008). Benefits of membership: The activation and amplification of group identities in response to social rejection. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1200-1213. Cadinu, M. R., & Rothbart, M. (1996). Self-anchoring and differentiation processes in the minimal group setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 661-677. Fazio, R. H. (1991). A practical guide to the use of response latency in social psychological research. In C. Hendrick & M. S. Clark (Eds.), Research methods in personality and social psychology: Review of personality and social psychology (pp. 74-97). Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Landau, M. J., Solomon, S., Greenberg, J., Cohen, F., Pyszczynski, T., Arndt, J., Miller, C. H., Ogilvie, D. M., & Cook, A. (2004). Deliver us from evil: The effects of mortality salience and reminders of 9/11 on support for President George W. Bush. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1136-1150. Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S., Pinel, E., Simon, L., & Jordan, K. (1993). Effects of self-esteem on vulnerability-denying defensive distortions: Further evidence of an anxiety-buffering function of self-esteem. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 29, 229-251. Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S., Rosenblatt, A., Veeder, M., Kirkland, S., & Lyon, D. (1990). Evidence for terror management: II. The effects of mortality salience on reactions to those who threaten or bolster the cultural worldview. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 308-318. Smith, E. R., Coats, S., & Walling, D. (1999). Overlapping mental representations of self, in-group, and partner: Further response time evidence and a connectionist model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 873-882. Nodera, A., Karasawa, K., Numazaki, M., & Takabayashi, K. (2007). An examination of the promoter of gender role stereotype-activation based on terror management theory. Japanese Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 195-201. Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529. Clement, R. W., & Krueger, J. (2002). Social categorization moderates social projection. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 279-299. Saito, T., Nakamura, T., Endo, T., & Yokoyama, M. (2001). Standardization of Big Five scales using the adjective check list. Kyushu University Psychological Research, 2, 135-144. Dechesne, M., Janssen, J., & van Knippenberg, A. (2000). Derogation and distancing as terror management strategies: The moderating role of need for closure and permeability of group boundaries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 923-932. Otten, S., & Epstude, K. (2006). Overlapping mental representations of self, ingroup, and outgroup: Unraveling self-stereotyping and self-anchoring. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 957-969. Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup behavior. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1, 149-178. Castano, E., & Dechesne, M. (2005). On defeating death: Group reification and social identification as immortality strategies. European Review of Social Psychology, 16, 221-255. Arndt, J., Greenberg, J., Schimel, J., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (2002). To belong or not to belong, that is the question: Terror management and identification with gender and ethnicity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 26-43. Harmon-Jones, E., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., & Simon, L. (1996). The effects of mortality salience on intergroup bias between minimal groups. European Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 677-681. Castano, E., Yzerbyt, V., Paladino, M., & Sacchi, S. (2002). I belong, therefore, I exist: Ingroup identification, ingroup entitativity, and ingroup bias. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 135-143. Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., & Pyszczynski, T. (1997). Terror management theory of self-esteem and cultural worldviews: Empirical assessments and conceptual refinements. In P. M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 61-139). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. Smith, E. R., & Henry, S. (1996). An in-group becomes part of the self: Response time evidence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 635-642. |
| References_xml | – reference: Arndt, J., Greenberg, J., Schimel, J., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (2002). To belong or not to belong, that is the question: Terror management and identification with gender and ethnicity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 26-43. – reference: Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (1986). The causes and consequences of a need for self-esteem: A terror management theory. In R. F. Baumeister (Ed.), Public self and private self (pp. 189-207). New York; Tokyo: Springer Verlag. – reference: Saito, T., Nakamura, T., Endo, T., & Yokoyama, M. (2001). Standardization of Big Five scales using the adjective check list. Kyushu University Psychological Research, 2, 135-144. – reference: Florian, V., Mikulincer, M., & Hirschberger, G. (2001). Validation of personal identity as a terror management mechanism: Evidence that sex-role identity moderates mortality salience effects. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 1011-1022. – reference: Nodera, A., Karasawa, K., Numazaki, M., & Takabayashi, K. (2007). An examination of the promoter of gender role stereotype-activation based on terror management theory. Japanese Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 195-201. – reference: Otten, S., & Epstude, K. (2006). Overlapping mental representations of self, ingroup, and outgroup: Unraveling self-stereotyping and self-anchoring. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 957-969. – reference: Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup behavior. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1, 149-178. – reference: Cadinu, M. R., & Rothbart, M. (1996). Self-anchoring and differentiation processes in the minimal group setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 661-677. – reference: Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S., Rosenblatt, A., Veeder, M., Kirkland, S., & Lyon, D. (1990). Evidence for terror management: II. The effects of mortality salience on reactions to those who threaten or bolster the cultural worldview. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 308-318. – reference: Harmon-Jones, E., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., & Simon, L. (1996). The effects of mortality salience on intergroup bias between minimal groups. European Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 677-681. – reference: Castano, E., Yzerbyt, V., Paladino, M., & Sacchi, S. (2002). I belong, therefore, I exist: Ingroup identification, ingroup entitativity, and ingroup bias. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 135-143. – reference: Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., & Pyszczynski, T. (1997). Terror management theory of self-esteem and cultural worldviews: Empirical assessments and conceptual refinements. In P. M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 61-139). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. – reference: Clement, R. W., & Krueger, J. (2002). Social categorization moderates social projection. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 279-299. – reference: Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Arndt, J., & Schimel, J. (2004). Why do people need self-esteem? A theoretical and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 435-468. – reference: Fazio, R. H. (1991). A practical guide to the use of response latency in social psychological research. In C. Hendrick & M. S. Clark (Eds.), Research methods in personality and social psychology: Review of personality and social psychology (pp. 74-97). Newbury Park, CA: Sage. – reference: Knowles, M. L., & Gardner, W. L. (2008). Benefits of membership: The activation and amplification of group identities in response to social rejection. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1200-1213. – reference: Aron, A., Aron, E. N., Tudor, M., & Nelson, G. (1991). Close relationships as including other in the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 241-253. – reference: Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529. – reference: Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford & New York: Basil Blackwell. – reference: Cadinu, M. R., & De Amicis, L. (1999). The relationship between the self and the ingroup: When having a common conception helps. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 58, 226-232. – reference: Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Pyszczynski, T., Rosenblatt, A., Burling, J., Lyon, D., Simon, L., & Pinel, E. (1992). Why do people need self-esteem? Converging evidence that self-esteem serves an anxiety-buffering function. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 913-922. – reference: Greenberg, J., Simon, L., Porteus, J., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (1995). Evidence of a terror management function of cultural icons: The effects of mortality salience on the inappropriate use of cherished cultural symbols. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 1221-1228. – reference: Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S., Pinel, E., Simon, L., & Jordan, K. (1993). Effects of self-esteem on vulnerability-denying defensive distortions: Further evidence of an anxiety-buffering function of self-esteem. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 29, 229-251. – reference: Greenberg, J., Simon, L., Harmon-Jones, E., Solomon, S., Pyszczynski, T., & Lyon, D. (1995). Testing alternative explanations for mortality salience effects: Terror management, value accessibility, or worrisome thoughts? European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 417-433. – reference: Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-47). Monterey, CA: Brooks-Cole. – reference: Smith, E. R., & Henry, S. (1996). An in-group becomes part of the self: Response time evidence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 635-642. – reference: Correll, J., & Park, B. (2005). A model of the ingroup as a social resource. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9, 341-359. – reference: Dechesne, M., Janssen, J., & van Knippenberg, A. (2000). Derogation and distancing as terror management strategies: The moderating role of need for closure and permeability of group boundaries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 923-932. – reference: Landau, M. J., Solomon, S., Greenberg, J., Cohen, F., Pyszczynski, T., Arndt, J., Miller, C. H., Ogilvie, D. M., & Cook, A. (2004). Deliver us from evil: The effects of mortality salience and reminders of 9/11 on support for President George W. Bush. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1136-1150. – reference: Smith, E. R., Coats, S., & Walling, D. (1999). Overlapping mental representations of self, in-group, and partner: Further response time evidence and a connectionist model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 873-882. – reference: Taubman Ben-Ari, O., Florian, V., & Mikulincer, M. (1999). The impact of mortality salience on reckless driving: A test of terror management mechanisms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 35-45. – reference: Castano, E., & Dechesne, M. (2005). On defeating death: Group reification and social identification as immortality strategies. European Review of Social Psychology, 16, 221-255. |
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| Title | 死の顕現性が自己と内集団の概念連合に与える影響 |
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