Marxanによる効率的な保全計画 : その原理と適用事例
愛知目標の採択を受けて、科学的根拠に基づいた戦略的な保護地域選定の必要性が高まっている。Marxanは、生物多様性を保全する上で優先度が高い場所を効率的に選定する手法として開発されたコンピュータプログラムである。ここでは、その基本的な仕組みを解説するとともに、適用事例を紹介し、その有効性や使用上の留意点について概説した。Marxanでは、利用者が設定した総コストが最小となる計画ユニットの組み合わせを相補的に選び出す。保全対象となる対象分類群は多岐に及ぶが、遺伝的多様性の保全や、土地利用を代替指標とした研究も行われている。具体的な事例としては、気候変動や土地利用の改変による影響を考慮した将来予測...
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| Published in | 保全生態学研究 Vol. 20; no. 1; pp. 35 - 47 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
一般社団法人 日本生態学会
2015
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1342-4327 2424-1431 |
| DOI | 10.18960/hozen.20.1_35 |
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| Abstract | 愛知目標の採択を受けて、科学的根拠に基づいた戦略的な保護地域選定の必要性が高まっている。Marxanは、生物多様性を保全する上で優先度が高い場所を効率的に選定する手法として開発されたコンピュータプログラムである。ここでは、その基本的な仕組みを解説するとともに、適用事例を紹介し、その有効性や使用上の留意点について概説した。Marxanでは、利用者が設定した総コストが最小となる計画ユニットの組み合わせを相補的に選び出す。保全対象となる対象分類群は多岐に及ぶが、遺伝的多様性の保全や、土地利用を代替指標とした研究も行われている。具体的な事例としては、気候変動や土地利用の改変による影響を考慮した将来予測を保護区の選定に反映させたものや、生態系サービスとのトレードオフを評価したものを紹介した。また、保護区選定以外の事例として、再導入地や再生地、外来種駆除の優先地の選定を目的とした研究も取り上げた。保全目標や各種パラメータの設定には、生態学的な知見やデータが不可欠であるため、Marxanの有効な利用は、利用者側の見識に大きく依存している。しかし、保全目標やコストに基づいた優先保全地域の組み合わせを空間明示的に提示できるため、予算や人的資源の効率的な投資を可能にし、社会的な合意形成をより円滑に進めることにつながるツールとして、その活用がますます期待される。 |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | 愛知目標の採択を受けて、科学的根拠に基づいた戦略的な保護地域選定の必要性が高まっている。Marxanは、生物多様性を保全する上で優先度が高い場所を効率的に選定する手法として開発されたコンピュータプログラムである。ここでは、その基本的な仕組みを解説するとともに、適用事例を紹介し、その有効性や使用上の留意点について概説した。Marxanでは、利用者が設定した総コストが最小となる計画ユニットの組み合わせを相補的に選び出す。保全対象となる対象分類群は多岐に及ぶが、遺伝的多様性の保全や、土地利用を代替指標とした研究も行われている。具体的な事例としては、気候変動や土地利用の改変による影響を考慮した将来予測を保護区の選定に反映させたものや、生態系サービスとのトレードオフを評価したものを紹介した。また、保護区選定以外の事例として、再導入地や再生地、外来種駆除の優先地の選定を目的とした研究も取り上げた。保全目標や各種パラメータの設定には、生態学的な知見やデータが不可欠であるため、Marxanの有効な利用は、利用者側の見識に大きく依存している。しかし、保全目標やコストに基づいた優先保全地域の組み合わせを空間明示的に提示できるため、予算や人的資源の効率的な投資を可能にし、社会的な合意形成をより円滑に進めることにつながるツールとして、その活用がますます期待される。 |
| Author | 松葉, 史紗子 赤坂, 宗光 宮下, 直 |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: 松葉, 史紗子 organization: 東京大学大学院農学生命科学研究科 – sequence: 1 fullname: 赤坂, 宗光 organization: 東京農工大学大学院農学研究院自然環境保全学部門 – sequence: 1 fullname: 宮下, 直 organization: 東京大学大学院農学生命科学研究科 |
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| Copyright | 2015 一般社団法人 日本生態学会 |
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| Title | Marxanによる効率的な保全計画 : その原理と適用事例 |
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