筋層浸潤性膀胱癌に対する膀胱全摘除術の現状と課題

膀胱癌に対する治療は多岐にわたるが、筋層浸潤性膀胱癌の標準治療は膀胱全摘除術であり、根治治療の第一選択である。膀胱全摘除術における大きな変革はロボット支援腹腔鏡手術の導入と普及、周術期化学療法におけるエビデンスの集積、新規薬剤の登場である。膀胱全摘除術時に行われる尿路変向術は、以前より回腸導管造設術が標準術式として広く行われてきた。回腸導管ではストマに採尿袋をつけて蓄尿するが、近年ストマを要せず尿道からの自排尿可能な腸管利用新膀胱造設術が行われるようになり、尿路変向術の選択肢となった。これら手術、薬物療法の進歩と洗練化により、筋層浸潤性膀胱癌の予後改善と膀胱全摘除術後のQOL向上が、より一層期...

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Published in神戸市立病院紀要 Vol. 63; pp. 1 - 9
Main Author 中村, 一郎
Format Journal Article
LanguageJapanese
Published 地方独立行政法人 神戸市民病院機構 2025
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ISSN0286-455X
2434-7590
DOI10.32301/kobecityhospital.63.0_1

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Abstract 膀胱癌に対する治療は多岐にわたるが、筋層浸潤性膀胱癌の標準治療は膀胱全摘除術であり、根治治療の第一選択である。膀胱全摘除術における大きな変革はロボット支援腹腔鏡手術の導入と普及、周術期化学療法におけるエビデンスの集積、新規薬剤の登場である。膀胱全摘除術時に行われる尿路変向術は、以前より回腸導管造設術が標準術式として広く行われてきた。回腸導管ではストマに採尿袋をつけて蓄尿するが、近年ストマを要せず尿道からの自排尿可能な腸管利用新膀胱造設術が行われるようになり、尿路変向術の選択肢となった。これら手術、薬物療法の進歩と洗練化により、筋層浸潤性膀胱癌の予後改善と膀胱全摘除術後のQOL向上が、より一層期待できる時代になった。本稿では筋層浸潤性膀胱癌に対する膀胱全摘除術の現状と課題を総説する。
AbstractList 膀胱癌に対する治療は多岐にわたるが、筋層浸潤性膀胱癌の標準治療は膀胱全摘除術であり、根治治療の第一選択である。膀胱全摘除術における大きな変革はロボット支援腹腔鏡手術の導入と普及、周術期化学療法におけるエビデンスの集積、新規薬剤の登場である。膀胱全摘除術時に行われる尿路変向術は、以前より回腸導管造設術が標準術式として広く行われてきた。回腸導管ではストマに採尿袋をつけて蓄尿するが、近年ストマを要せず尿道からの自排尿可能な腸管利用新膀胱造設術が行われるようになり、尿路変向術の選択肢となった。これら手術、薬物療法の進歩と洗練化により、筋層浸潤性膀胱癌の予後改善と膀胱全摘除術後のQOL向上が、より一層期待できる時代になった。本稿では筋層浸潤性膀胱癌に対する膀胱全摘除術の現状と課題を総説する。
Author 中村, 一郎
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References (9) Fahmy O, Khairul-Astri MG, Schubert T, et al:A systematic review and meta-analysis on the oncological long-term outcomes after trimodality therapy and radical cystectomy with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 36:43-53, 2018
(25) Williams SB, Cumberbatch MGK, Kamat AM, et al:Reporting radical cystectomy outcomes following implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols:a systematic review and individual patients data meta-analysis. Eur Urol 78:719-730, 2020
(2) Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, et al:Global cancer statistics 2018:GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and motarity worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 68:394-424, 2018
(3) Masaoka H, Matsuo K, Ito H et al:Cigarette smoking and bladder cancer risk:an evaluation based on a systematic review of epidemiologic evidence in the Japanese population. Jpn J Clin Oncol 46:273283, 2016
(6) Cumberbatch MG, Foerster B, Catto JW, et al:Repeat trans urethral resection in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer:a systemic review. Eur Urol 73:925-933, 2018
(15) Griffiths G, Hall R, Sylvester R, et al:International phase Ⅲ trial assessing neoadjuvant cisplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer:long term results of the BA06 30894 trial. J Clin Oncol 29:2172-2177, 2011
(21) Kassler TM, Burkhard FC, Perimenis P, et al:Attending nerve sparing surgery and age have a significant effect on urinary continence and erectile function after radical cystoprostatectomy and ileal orthotopic bladder substitution. J Urol 172:1323-1327, 2004
(17) Advanced Bladder Cancer (ABC) Meta-analysis Collabolators Group:Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer :A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data from Randomized Controlled Trials. Eur Urol 81:50-61, 2022
(1) 国立がん研究センター:統計.癌統計.最新癌統計.Available from:https//ganjoho.jp/reg_stat/index. html.(08/20/2024)
(11) Leow JJ, Leese SW, Jiang W, et al.:Propensitymatched comparison of morbidity and costs of open and robot-assisted radical cystectomies:a contemporary population-based analysis in the United States. Eur Urol 66:569-576, 2014
(22) Hernandez V, Espinos EL, Dunn J, et al:Oncological and functional outcomes of sexual functionpreserving cystectomy compared with standard radical cystectomy in men:A systematic review. Urol Oncol 35:539.e17-539.e29, 2017
(29) Fujisawa M, Nakamura I, Yamanaka N, et al:Changes in calcium metabolism and bone demineralization after orthotopic intestinal neobladder creation. J Urol 163, 1108-1111, 2000
(23) Vetterlein MW, Klemm J, Gild P, et al:Improving estimates of perioperative morbidity after radical cystectomy using the European association of urology quality criteria for standardized reporting and introducing the comprehensive complication undex. Eur Urol 77:55-65, 2020
(32) Miyake H, Nakamura I, Eto H, et al:An evaluation of quality of life In patients who underdwent orthotopic bladder replacement after cystectomy:Comparison of ileal neobladder versus colon neobladder. Urol Int 69:195-199, 2002
(30) Ali AS, Hayes MC, Birch B, et al:Health related quality of life (HRQoL) after cystectomy:comparison between orthotopic neobladder and ileal conduit diversion. Eur J Surg Oncol 41:295-299, 2015
(7) Gandhi N, Krishna S, Booth CN, et al:Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging for tumour staging of bladder cancer:systematic review and meta-analysis. BJU Int 122:744-753, 2018
(19) Bajprin DF, Witjes JA, Gschvend JE, et al:Adjuvant Nivolmab versus Placebo in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma. N Engl J Med 384:2102-2114, 2021
(5) Gore JL, Litwin MS, Lai L, et al:Use of radical cystectomy for patients with invasive bladder cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 102: 802-811, 2010
(26) Djaladat H, Katebian B, Bazargani ST, et al:90day complication rate in patients undergoing radical cystectomy with enhanced recovery protocol:a prospective cohort study. Wold J Urol 35:907-911, 2017
(13) Bruins HM, Veskimae e, Hernandez V, et al:The impact of extent of lymphadenectomy on oncologic outcomes in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer:a systematic review. Eur Urol 66:1065-1077, 2014
(10) Nix J, Smith A, Kurpad R, et al:Prospective randomized contolled tial of robotic versus open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer:perioperative and pathologic results. Eur Urol 57:196-201, 2010
(20) Lee RK, Abol-Enein H, Artibani W, et al:Urinary diversion after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer; options, patient selection, and outcomes. BJU Int 113:11-23, 2014
(16) Kitamura H, Tsukamoto T, Shibata T, et al:Randomized phase Ⅲstudy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with methotrexate, doxorubicin, vinblastine and cisplatin followed by radical cystectomy compared with radical cystectomy alone for muscle-invasive bladder cancer:Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study LCOG0209. Ann Oncol 25:1192-1198, 2014
(27) Gershman B, Eisenberg MS, Thompson RH, et al:Comparative impact of continent and incontinent urinary diversion on long-term renal function after radical cystectomy in patients with preoperative chronic kidney disease 2 and chronic renal disease 3a. Int J Urol 22:651-656, 2015
(31) Nakamura I, Eto H, Okada H, et al:Postoperative care of neobladder using a detubularized intestinal segment. Act Urol Jpn 41:941-945, 1995
(18) Omura M, Kikuchi E, Shigeta K, et al:Potential therapeutic effects of adjuvant chemotherapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 52:388-396, 2022
(4) 膀胱癌診療ガイドライン2019年度版 2022年アップデート Available from:https://www.urol.or.jp/39_ bladder_cancer_2019 (09/22/2024)
(33) Hara I, Miyake H, Gotoh A, Nakamura I, et al:Health related quality of life after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer:a comparison of ileal conduit and orthotopic bladder replacement. BJU Int 89:10-13, 2002
(28) Nakamura I, Kamidono S:Renal dysfunction and essential points of the management; Long-term complications of urinary reservoir diversions and the managements:Jpn J Urol Surg 8 (3):197-200, 1995
(24) Llorente C, Guijarro A, Hernandez V, et al:Outcomes of an enhanced recovery after radical cystectomy program in a prostective multicenter study:compliance and key components for success. World J Urol 38:3121-3129, 2020
(14) Gschvend JE, Heck MM, Lehmann J, et al:Extended Versus Limited Lymph Node Dissection in Bladder Cancer Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy:Survival Results from a Prospective, Randomized Trial. Eur Urol 75:604-611, 2019
(12) Parekh DJ, Reis IM, Castle EP, et al:Robot-assisted radical cystectomy versus open radical cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer(REZOR):an openlabel, randomized, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 391:2525-2536, 2018
(8) Babjuk M, Bohle A, Burger M, et al:EAU guidelines on Non-Muscle-invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder:Update 2016. Eur Urol 71:447-461, 2017
References_xml – reference: (3) Masaoka H, Matsuo K, Ito H et al:Cigarette smoking and bladder cancer risk:an evaluation based on a systematic review of epidemiologic evidence in the Japanese population. Jpn J Clin Oncol 46:273283, 2016
– reference: (33) Hara I, Miyake H, Gotoh A, Nakamura I, et al:Health related quality of life after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer:a comparison of ileal conduit and orthotopic bladder replacement. BJU Int 89:10-13, 2002
– reference: (15) Griffiths G, Hall R, Sylvester R, et al:International phase Ⅲ trial assessing neoadjuvant cisplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer:long term results of the BA06 30894 trial. J Clin Oncol 29:2172-2177, 2011
– reference: (23) Vetterlein MW, Klemm J, Gild P, et al:Improving estimates of perioperative morbidity after radical cystectomy using the European association of urology quality criteria for standardized reporting and introducing the comprehensive complication undex. Eur Urol 77:55-65, 2020
– reference: (25) Williams SB, Cumberbatch MGK, Kamat AM, et al:Reporting radical cystectomy outcomes following implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols:a systematic review and individual patients data meta-analysis. Eur Urol 78:719-730, 2020
– reference: (32) Miyake H, Nakamura I, Eto H, et al:An evaluation of quality of life In patients who underdwent orthotopic bladder replacement after cystectomy:Comparison of ileal neobladder versus colon neobladder. Urol Int 69:195-199, 2002
– reference: (9) Fahmy O, Khairul-Astri MG, Schubert T, et al:A systematic review and meta-analysis on the oncological long-term outcomes after trimodality therapy and radical cystectomy with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 36:43-53, 2018
– reference: (2) Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, et al:Global cancer statistics 2018:GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and motarity worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 68:394-424, 2018
– reference: (19) Bajprin DF, Witjes JA, Gschvend JE, et al:Adjuvant Nivolmab versus Placebo in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma. N Engl J Med 384:2102-2114, 2021
– reference: (6) Cumberbatch MG, Foerster B, Catto JW, et al:Repeat trans urethral resection in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer:a systemic review. Eur Urol 73:925-933, 2018
– reference: (5) Gore JL, Litwin MS, Lai L, et al:Use of radical cystectomy for patients with invasive bladder cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 102: 802-811, 2010
– reference: (27) Gershman B, Eisenberg MS, Thompson RH, et al:Comparative impact of continent and incontinent urinary diversion on long-term renal function after radical cystectomy in patients with preoperative chronic kidney disease 2 and chronic renal disease 3a. Int J Urol 22:651-656, 2015
– reference: (11) Leow JJ, Leese SW, Jiang W, et al.:Propensitymatched comparison of morbidity and costs of open and robot-assisted radical cystectomies:a contemporary population-based analysis in the United States. Eur Urol 66:569-576, 2014
– reference: (29) Fujisawa M, Nakamura I, Yamanaka N, et al:Changes in calcium metabolism and bone demineralization after orthotopic intestinal neobladder creation. J Urol 163, 1108-1111, 2000
– reference: (7) Gandhi N, Krishna S, Booth CN, et al:Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging for tumour staging of bladder cancer:systematic review and meta-analysis. BJU Int 122:744-753, 2018
– reference: (21) Kassler TM, Burkhard FC, Perimenis P, et al:Attending nerve sparing surgery and age have a significant effect on urinary continence and erectile function after radical cystoprostatectomy and ileal orthotopic bladder substitution. J Urol 172:1323-1327, 2004
– reference: (31) Nakamura I, Eto H, Okada H, et al:Postoperative care of neobladder using a detubularized intestinal segment. Act Urol Jpn 41:941-945, 1995
– reference: (24) Llorente C, Guijarro A, Hernandez V, et al:Outcomes of an enhanced recovery after radical cystectomy program in a prostective multicenter study:compliance and key components for success. World J Urol 38:3121-3129, 2020
– reference: (17) Advanced Bladder Cancer (ABC) Meta-analysis Collabolators Group:Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer :A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data from Randomized Controlled Trials. Eur Urol 81:50-61, 2022
– reference: (22) Hernandez V, Espinos EL, Dunn J, et al:Oncological and functional outcomes of sexual functionpreserving cystectomy compared with standard radical cystectomy in men:A systematic review. Urol Oncol 35:539.e17-539.e29, 2017
– reference: (10) Nix J, Smith A, Kurpad R, et al:Prospective randomized contolled tial of robotic versus open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer:perioperative and pathologic results. Eur Urol 57:196-201, 2010
– reference: (14) Gschvend JE, Heck MM, Lehmann J, et al:Extended Versus Limited Lymph Node Dissection in Bladder Cancer Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy:Survival Results from a Prospective, Randomized Trial. Eur Urol 75:604-611, 2019
– reference: (28) Nakamura I, Kamidono S:Renal dysfunction and essential points of the management; Long-term complications of urinary reservoir diversions and the managements:Jpn J Urol Surg 8 (3):197-200, 1995
– reference: (16) Kitamura H, Tsukamoto T, Shibata T, et al:Randomized phase Ⅲstudy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with methotrexate, doxorubicin, vinblastine and cisplatin followed by radical cystectomy compared with radical cystectomy alone for muscle-invasive bladder cancer:Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study LCOG0209. Ann Oncol 25:1192-1198, 2014
– reference: (20) Lee RK, Abol-Enein H, Artibani W, et al:Urinary diversion after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer; options, patient selection, and outcomes. BJU Int 113:11-23, 2014
– reference: (13) Bruins HM, Veskimae e, Hernandez V, et al:The impact of extent of lymphadenectomy on oncologic outcomes in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer:a systematic review. Eur Urol 66:1065-1077, 2014
– reference: (1) 国立がん研究センター:統計.癌統計.最新癌統計.Available from:https//ganjoho.jp/reg_stat/index. html.(08/20/2024)
– reference: (26) Djaladat H, Katebian B, Bazargani ST, et al:90day complication rate in patients undergoing radical cystectomy with enhanced recovery protocol:a prospective cohort study. Wold J Urol 35:907-911, 2017
– reference: (30) Ali AS, Hayes MC, Birch B, et al:Health related quality of life (HRQoL) after cystectomy:comparison between orthotopic neobladder and ileal conduit diversion. Eur J Surg Oncol 41:295-299, 2015
– reference: (18) Omura M, Kikuchi E, Shigeta K, et al:Potential therapeutic effects of adjuvant chemotherapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 52:388-396, 2022
– reference: (8) Babjuk M, Bohle A, Burger M, et al:EAU guidelines on Non-Muscle-invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder:Update 2016. Eur Urol 71:447-461, 2017
– reference: (4) 膀胱癌診療ガイドライン2019年度版 2022年アップデート Available from:https://www.urol.or.jp/39_ bladder_cancer_2019 (09/22/2024)
– reference: (12) Parekh DJ, Reis IM, Castle EP, et al:Robot-assisted radical cystectomy versus open radical cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer(REZOR):an openlabel, randomized, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 391:2525-2536, 2018
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SubjectTerms QOL
周術期化学療法
尿路変向術
筋層浸潤性膀胱癌
膀胱全摘除術
Title 筋層浸潤性膀胱癌に対する膀胱全摘除術の現状と課題
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