神経筋疾患に伴う発話障害における舌の筋力低下
発話において舌は構音運動の中心的な役割を担う。したがって、神経筋原性の病変に起因して舌の運動機能が障害されると、構音の異常が起きる。これまで、舌の運動機能をとらえる様々な方法が提案され、その一つに等尺性収縮時の舌の圧力が筋力低下を示す指標として古くから用いられてきた。しかし、先行研究を概観すると最大舌圧と発話関連指標の関連性の有無について対照的な結果が散見される。こうした背景から、意外にも舌の筋力低下が発話にどのように影響しているかは、現在でも議論が続いている。本稿では、一連の先行研究の整理を試み、最大舌圧および発話の関連性を再考する視点を提供したい。...
Saved in:
Published in | 新潟医療福祉学会誌 Vol. 23; no. 3; pp. 47 - 53 |
---|---|
Main Author | |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | Japanese |
Published |
新潟医療福祉学会
2024
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 1346-8774 2435-9777 |
DOI | 10.34540/niigatajohewewa.23.3_47 |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | 発話において舌は構音運動の中心的な役割を担う。したがって、神経筋原性の病変に起因して舌の運動機能が障害されると、構音の異常が起きる。これまで、舌の運動機能をとらえる様々な方法が提案され、その一つに等尺性収縮時の舌の圧力が筋力低下を示す指標として古くから用いられてきた。しかし、先行研究を概観すると最大舌圧と発話関連指標の関連性の有無について対照的な結果が散見される。こうした背景から、意外にも舌の筋力低下が発話にどのように影響しているかは、現在でも議論が続いている。本稿では、一連の先行研究の整理を試み、最大舌圧および発話の関連性を再考する視点を提供したい。 |
---|---|
AbstractList | 発話において舌は構音運動の中心的な役割を担う。したがって、神経筋原性の病変に起因して舌の運動機能が障害されると、構音の異常が起きる。これまで、舌の運動機能をとらえる様々な方法が提案され、その一つに等尺性収縮時の舌の圧力が筋力低下を示す指標として古くから用いられてきた。しかし、先行研究を概観すると最大舌圧と発話関連指標の関連性の有無について対照的な結果が散見される。こうした背景から、意外にも舌の筋力低下が発話にどのように影響しているかは、現在でも議論が続いている。本稿では、一連の先行研究の整理を試み、最大舌圧および発話の関連性を再考する視点を提供したい。 |
Author | 田村, 俊暁 |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: 田村, 俊暁 organization: 新潟医療福祉大学大学院 医療福祉学研究科 保健学専攻 言語聴覚学分野 |
BookMark | eNpdkM1KAlEcxS9hkJnv0AuM3Xv_98NZllQGQhv3lzvjHZ3BNGYEaTkuIlSENkEftIkWEQlRQUT1MqONvUVG0aLN-cHhx1mcZZRptVsGoVWCC8A4w2st36_rjg7aDdM1XV2gUADF5ALKUgbcsqWUGZQlwIRVlJItoXwU-Q6mQLgNgmXRRnp9mT4N07tBevL-0btK4tvJ62MSH6anL7Ob-8-zi-n4YV4mcT-Jj5PeYHY0TOLx3J_2zydvo8nzYAUteroZmfwvc6i6tVktla3K7vZOab1iBZRQbXGQlBtjeE3aNUdq18YCE84d4RhJhQZWk-BgEB5zKRRtYrBw7KLrUY0l8SCHyj-zQdTRdaP2Q39PhwdKhx3fbRr17wpFQcF3MPmnuA0dqkDDF2c4d74 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | 2024 新潟医療福祉学会 |
Copyright_xml | – notice: 2024 新潟医療福祉学会 |
DOI | 10.34540/niigatajohewewa.23.3_47 |
DatabaseTitleList | |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
EISSN | 2435-9777 |
EndPage | 53 |
ExternalDocumentID | article_niigatajohewewa_23_3_23_47_article_char_ja |
GroupedDBID | ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS JSF RJT |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-j212a-53725eee5d79db7ac9060155b6be726a34d73b036f4c23891e06b98cf2a071f3 |
ISSN | 1346-8774 |
IngestDate | Wed Sep 03 06:31:13 EDT 2025 |
IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
IsOpenAccess | true |
IsPeerReviewed | false |
IsScholarly | false |
Issue | 3 |
Language | Japanese |
License | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.ja |
LinkModel | OpenURL |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-j212a-53725eee5d79db7ac9060155b6be726a34d73b036f4c23891e06b98cf2a071f3 |
OpenAccessLink | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/niigatajohewewa/23/3/23_47/_article/-char/ja |
PageCount | 7 |
ParticipantIDs | jstage_primary_article_niigatajohewewa_23_3_23_47_article_char_ja |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 2024 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2024-01-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – year: 2024 text: 2024 |
PublicationDecade | 2020 |
PublicationTitle | 新潟医療福祉学会誌 |
PublicationYear | 2024 |
Publisher | 新潟医療福祉学会 |
Publisher_xml | – name: 新潟医療福祉学会 |
References | 13) Neel AT, Palmer PM: Is tongue strength an important influence on rate of articulation in diadochokinetic and reading tasks? J. Speech, Lang. Hear. Res, 55: 235-246, 2012. 7) Solomon NP, Makashay MJ, Helou LB, et al.: Neurogenic orofacial weakness and speech in adults with dysarthria. Am. J. Speech-Language Pathol, 26: 951-960, 2017. 29) Neel AT, Palmer PM, Gass C: Can IOPI be used to measure tongue pressure for speech sounds? J. Med. Speech. Lang. Pathol, 16: 235-241, 2008. 47) Berggren KN, Hung M, Dixon MM, et al. Orofacial strength, dysarthria, and dysphagia in congenital myotonic dystrophy. Muscle and Nerve, 58(3): 413-417, 2018. 9) Palmer MF, Osborn CD: A Study of Tongue Pressures of Speech Defective and Normal Speaking Individuals. J. Speech Disord, 5: 133-140, 1940. 10) Mohamadi O, Torabinezhad F, Sanjari MA, et al.: Evaluation of orofacial force-related measures using a novel measuring device: explanation of associations with speech rate in dysarthria. Expert Rev. Med. Devices, 9: 1-18, 2023. 27) Searl J, Knollhoff S, Barohn RJ: Lingual-Alveolar contact pressure during speech in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Preliminary findings. J. Speech, Lang. Hear. Res, 60: 810-825, 2017. 16) Bunton K: Speech versus nonspeech: Different tasks, different neural organization. Semin. Speech Lang, 29: 267-275, 2008. 45) Stevens KN: On the quantal nature of speech. J. Phon. 17: 3-45, 1989. 2) 西尾正輝:Motor Speech DisordersとDysarthriaをめぐる定義および翻訳用語上の混乱と誤りについて.総合リハ,22:861-865, 1994 41) Clark HM, Duffy JR, Strand EA, et al: Orofacial Muscle Strength across the Dysarthrias. Brain Sci, 12: 1-16, 2022. 4) 苅安誠,稔外山,登志正松平:コミュニケーション障害の疫学:音声言語・聴覚障害の有病率と障害児者数の推定.健康医療学部紀要,1:1-12, 2016. 42) Tamura T, Tanaka Y, Watanabe Y, et al: Relationships between maximum tongue pressure and second formant transition in speakers with different types of dysarthria. PLoS One, 17: e0264995, 2022. 17) Gurevich N, Scamihorn SL: Speech-Language Pathologists’ Use of Intelligibility Measures in Adults With Dysarthria. Am. J. Speech-Language Pathol, 26: 873-892, 2017. 1) 西澤典子,苅安誠,三枝英人ら:Dysarthria の翻訳名称について.音声言語医学,64:24-32,2023 38) Darley FL, Aronson AE, Brown JR: Clusters of deviant speech dimensions in the dysarthrias. J. Speech Hear. Res, 12: 462-496, 1969. 15) McCauley RJ, Strand E, Lof GL, et al: Evidence-Based Systematic Review: Effects of Nonspeech Oral Motor Exercises on Speech. Am. J. Speech-Language Pathol, 18: 343-357, 2009. 22) Utanohara Y, Hayashi R, Yoshikawa M, et al: Standard values of maximum tongue pressure taken using newly developed disposable tongue pressure measurement device. Dysphagia, 23: 286-290, 2008. 32) Lindblom BEF, Sundberg JEF: Acoustical Consequences of Lip, Tongue, Jaw, and Larynx Movement. J. Acoust. Soc. Am, 50: 1166-1179, 1971. 43) 西尾正輝,阿部尚子,渡邉大介:言語病理学的疾患を有する患者における舌圧 と発話および非発話機能との関連性に関する 検討.ディサースリア臨床研究,3:10-15,2013 11) Dworkin JP, Aronson AE: Tongue strength and alternate motion rates in normal and dysarthric subjects. J. Commun. Disord, 19: 115-132, 1986. 23) Hayashi R, Tsuga K, Hosokawa R, et al: A novel handy probe for tongue pressure measurement. Int J Prosthodont, 15(4): 385-8, 2002. 28) Neel AT, Palmer PM, Sprouls G, et al: Muscle Weakness and Speech in Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy. J. Speech, Lang. Hear. Res, 58: 1-12 2015. 39) Darley FL, Aronson AE, Brown JR: Differential diagnostic patterns of dysarthria. J. Speech Hear. Res, 12: 246-269, 1969. 6) Langmore SE, Lehman ME: Physiologic deficits in the orofacial system underlying dysarthria in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Speech Hear. Res, 37: 28-37, 1994. 21) Gilbert RJ, Napadow VJ, et al: Anatomical basis of lingual hydrostatic deformation. J. Exp. Biol, 210: 4069-4082, 2007. 8) Theodoros DG, Murdoch BE, Stokes P: A physiological analysis of articulatory dysfunction in dysarthric speakers following severe closed-head injury. Brain Inj, 9: 237-254, 1995. 25) Yoshikawa M, Yoshida M, Tsuga K, et al: Comparison of three types of tongue pressure measurement devices. Dysphagia, 26: 232-237, 2011. 20) Zemlin WR: Speech and hearing science: anatomy and physiology, Prentice-Hal, 193-313, 1988. 35) DePaul R, Abbs JH, Caligiuri: Hypoglossal, trigeminal, and facial motoneuron involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology 38, 281-281 1988. 5) DePaul R, Brooks BR: Multiple orofacial indices in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J, Speech Hear. Res. 36: 1158-1167, 1993. 31) Perkell JS: Physiology of speech production: Results and implications of a quantitative cineradiographic study, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1969. 14) Weismer G: Philosophy of research in motor speech disorders. Clin. Linguist. Phon, 20: 315-349, 2006. 46) Ackermann H, Ziegler W: Articulatory deficits in Parkinsonian dysarthria: An acoustic analysis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 54: 1093-1098, 1991. 26) Searl J, Evitts P, Davis W: Articulatory contact pressure between the tongue and palate during normal speech producti. J. Med. Speech. Lang. Pathol, 15: 279-292, 2007. 36) Thompson A, Kim Y: Relation of second formant trajectories to tongue kinematics. J. Acoust. Soc. Am, 145: EL323-EL328, 2019. 3) Duffy JR: Motor Speech Disorders: Substrates, Differential Diagnosis, and Management, Mosby, 3 ed, 2020. 30) Yano J, Kumakura I, Hori K, et al: Differences in biomechanical features of tongue pressure production between articulation and swallow. J. Oral Rehabil, 39: 118-125, 2012. 34) Lawyer T, Netsky MG: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry, 69(2): 171-192, 1953. 19) Ziegler W: Speech motor control is task-specific: Evidence from dysarthria and apraxia of speech. Aphasiology, 17: 3-36, 2003. 40) Kent RD, Kent JF, Rosenbek JC: Maximum performance tests of speech production. J. Speech Hear. Disord, 52: 367-387, 1987. 18) Weismer G: Oromotor Nonverbal Performance and Speech Motor Control: Theory and Review of Empirical Evidence. Brain Sci, 13 (768), 2023. 24) Yano J, Yamamoto-Shimizu S, Yokoyama T, et al. Effects of Tongue-Strengthening Exercise on the Geniohyoid Muscle in Young Healthy Adults. Dysphagia, 35: 110-116 2020. 12) Dworkin JP, Aronson AE, Mulder DW: Tongue force in normals and in dysarthric patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Speech Hear. Res, 23: 828-837, 1980. 33) Adachi S, Yamada M: An acoustical study of sound production in biphonic singing, Xöömij. J. Acoust. Soc. Am, 105: 2920-2932, 1999. 44) Solomon NP, Robin DA, Luschei ES: Strength, Endurance, and Stability of the Tongue and Hand in Parkinson Disease. J. Speech, Lang. Hear. Res, 43: 256-267, 2000. 37) 藤林真理子,福迫陽子,物井寿子ら:小脳疾患,仮性球麻痺,筋萎縮性側索硬化症による麻痺性構音障害の話しことばの特徴. 音声言語医学,18:101-109,1977 |
References_xml | – reference: 10) Mohamadi O, Torabinezhad F, Sanjari MA, et al.: Evaluation of orofacial force-related measures using a novel measuring device: explanation of associations with speech rate in dysarthria. Expert Rev. Med. Devices, 9: 1-18, 2023. – reference: 12) Dworkin JP, Aronson AE, Mulder DW: Tongue force in normals and in dysarthric patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Speech Hear. Res, 23: 828-837, 1980. – reference: 31) Perkell JS: Physiology of speech production: Results and implications of a quantitative cineradiographic study, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1969. – reference: 36) Thompson A, Kim Y: Relation of second formant trajectories to tongue kinematics. J. Acoust. Soc. Am, 145: EL323-EL328, 2019. – reference: 11) Dworkin JP, Aronson AE: Tongue strength and alternate motion rates in normal and dysarthric subjects. J. Commun. Disord, 19: 115-132, 1986. – reference: 23) Hayashi R, Tsuga K, Hosokawa R, et al: A novel handy probe for tongue pressure measurement. Int J Prosthodont, 15(4): 385-8, 2002. – reference: 44) Solomon NP, Robin DA, Luschei ES: Strength, Endurance, and Stability of the Tongue and Hand in Parkinson Disease. J. Speech, Lang. Hear. Res, 43: 256-267, 2000. – reference: 45) Stevens KN: On the quantal nature of speech. J. Phon. 17: 3-45, 1989. – reference: 20) Zemlin WR: Speech and hearing science: anatomy and physiology, Prentice-Hal, 193-313, 1988. – reference: 21) Gilbert RJ, Napadow VJ, et al: Anatomical basis of lingual hydrostatic deformation. J. Exp. Biol, 210: 4069-4082, 2007. – reference: 13) Neel AT, Palmer PM: Is tongue strength an important influence on rate of articulation in diadochokinetic and reading tasks? J. Speech, Lang. Hear. Res, 55: 235-246, 2012. – reference: 14) Weismer G: Philosophy of research in motor speech disorders. Clin. Linguist. Phon, 20: 315-349, 2006. – reference: 29) Neel AT, Palmer PM, Gass C: Can IOPI be used to measure tongue pressure for speech sounds? J. Med. Speech. Lang. Pathol, 16: 235-241, 2008. – reference: 39) Darley FL, Aronson AE, Brown JR: Differential diagnostic patterns of dysarthria. J. Speech Hear. Res, 12: 246-269, 1969. – reference: 18) Weismer G: Oromotor Nonverbal Performance and Speech Motor Control: Theory and Review of Empirical Evidence. Brain Sci, 13 (768), 2023. – reference: 17) Gurevich N, Scamihorn SL: Speech-Language Pathologists’ Use of Intelligibility Measures in Adults With Dysarthria. Am. J. Speech-Language Pathol, 26: 873-892, 2017. – reference: 28) Neel AT, Palmer PM, Sprouls G, et al: Muscle Weakness and Speech in Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy. J. Speech, Lang. Hear. Res, 58: 1-12 2015. – reference: 2) 西尾正輝:Motor Speech DisordersとDysarthriaをめぐる定義および翻訳用語上の混乱と誤りについて.総合リハ,22:861-865, 1994. – reference: 46) Ackermann H, Ziegler W: Articulatory deficits in Parkinsonian dysarthria: An acoustic analysis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 54: 1093-1098, 1991. – reference: 25) Yoshikawa M, Yoshida M, Tsuga K, et al: Comparison of three types of tongue pressure measurement devices. Dysphagia, 26: 232-237, 2011. – reference: 26) Searl J, Evitts P, Davis W: Articulatory contact pressure between the tongue and palate during normal speech producti. J. Med. Speech. Lang. Pathol, 15: 279-292, 2007. – reference: 5) DePaul R, Brooks BR: Multiple orofacial indices in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J, Speech Hear. Res. 36: 1158-1167, 1993. – reference: 40) Kent RD, Kent JF, Rosenbek JC: Maximum performance tests of speech production. J. Speech Hear. Disord, 52: 367-387, 1987. – reference: 4) 苅安誠,稔外山,登志正松平:コミュニケーション障害の疫学:音声言語・聴覚障害の有病率と障害児者数の推定.健康医療学部紀要,1:1-12, 2016. – reference: 24) Yano J, Yamamoto-Shimizu S, Yokoyama T, et al. Effects of Tongue-Strengthening Exercise on the Geniohyoid Muscle in Young Healthy Adults. Dysphagia, 35: 110-116 2020. – reference: 34) Lawyer T, Netsky MG: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry, 69(2): 171-192, 1953. – reference: 15) McCauley RJ, Strand E, Lof GL, et al: Evidence-Based Systematic Review: Effects of Nonspeech Oral Motor Exercises on Speech. Am. J. Speech-Language Pathol, 18: 343-357, 2009. – reference: 22) Utanohara Y, Hayashi R, Yoshikawa M, et al: Standard values of maximum tongue pressure taken using newly developed disposable tongue pressure measurement device. Dysphagia, 23: 286-290, 2008. – reference: 37) 藤林真理子,福迫陽子,物井寿子ら:小脳疾患,仮性球麻痺,筋萎縮性側索硬化症による麻痺性構音障害の話しことばの特徴. 音声言語医学,18:101-109,1977. – reference: 19) Ziegler W: Speech motor control is task-specific: Evidence from dysarthria and apraxia of speech. Aphasiology, 17: 3-36, 2003. – reference: 38) Darley FL, Aronson AE, Brown JR: Clusters of deviant speech dimensions in the dysarthrias. J. Speech Hear. Res, 12: 462-496, 1969. – reference: 7) Solomon NP, Makashay MJ, Helou LB, et al.: Neurogenic orofacial weakness and speech in adults with dysarthria. Am. J. Speech-Language Pathol, 26: 951-960, 2017. – reference: 9) Palmer MF, Osborn CD: A Study of Tongue Pressures of Speech Defective and Normal Speaking Individuals. J. Speech Disord, 5: 133-140, 1940. – reference: 1) 西澤典子,苅安誠,三枝英人ら:Dysarthria の翻訳名称について.音声言語医学,64:24-32,2023. – reference: 47) Berggren KN, Hung M, Dixon MM, et al. Orofacial strength, dysarthria, and dysphagia in congenital myotonic dystrophy. Muscle and Nerve, 58(3): 413-417, 2018. – reference: 41) Clark HM, Duffy JR, Strand EA, et al: Orofacial Muscle Strength across the Dysarthrias. Brain Sci, 12: 1-16, 2022. – reference: 32) Lindblom BEF, Sundberg JEF: Acoustical Consequences of Lip, Tongue, Jaw, and Larynx Movement. J. Acoust. Soc. Am, 50: 1166-1179, 1971. – reference: 8) Theodoros DG, Murdoch BE, Stokes P: A physiological analysis of articulatory dysfunction in dysarthric speakers following severe closed-head injury. Brain Inj, 9: 237-254, 1995. – reference: 43) 西尾正輝,阿部尚子,渡邉大介:言語病理学的疾患を有する患者における舌圧 と発話および非発話機能との関連性に関する 検討.ディサースリア臨床研究,3:10-15,2013. – reference: 16) Bunton K: Speech versus nonspeech: Different tasks, different neural organization. Semin. Speech Lang, 29: 267-275, 2008. – reference: 30) Yano J, Kumakura I, Hori K, et al: Differences in biomechanical features of tongue pressure production between articulation and swallow. J. Oral Rehabil, 39: 118-125, 2012. – reference: 35) DePaul R, Abbs JH, Caligiuri: Hypoglossal, trigeminal, and facial motoneuron involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology 38, 281-281 1988. – reference: 27) Searl J, Knollhoff S, Barohn RJ: Lingual-Alveolar contact pressure during speech in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Preliminary findings. J. Speech, Lang. Hear. Res, 60: 810-825, 2017. – reference: 3) Duffy JR: Motor Speech Disorders: Substrates, Differential Diagnosis, and Management, Mosby, 3 ed, 2020. – reference: 33) Adachi S, Yamada M: An acoustical study of sound production in biphonic singing, Xöömij. J. Acoust. Soc. Am, 105: 2920-2932, 1999. – reference: 6) Langmore SE, Lehman ME: Physiologic deficits in the orofacial system underlying dysarthria in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Speech Hear. Res, 37: 28-37, 1994. – reference: 42) Tamura T, Tanaka Y, Watanabe Y, et al: Relationships between maximum tongue pressure and second formant transition in speakers with different types of dysarthria. PLoS One, 17: e0264995, 2022. |
SSID | ssib023159364 ssib022575413 ssj0003322100 ssib000936799 ssib002223746 ssib050736093 |
Score | 1.9392444 |
Snippet | ... |
SourceID | jstage |
SourceType | Publisher |
StartPage | 47 |
SubjectTerms | dysarthria 構音 第2フォルマント 舌圧 音響分析 |
Title | 神経筋疾患に伴う発話障害における舌の筋力低下 |
URI | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/niigatajohewewa/23/3/23_47/_article/-char/ja |
Volume | 23 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
ispartofPNX | 新潟医療福祉学会誌, 2024, Vol.23(3), pp.47-53 |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3Na9RAFA-1XryIouI3PTjHrLuZzEzmmOxmKUI9rdBbmEkm6B5akS2FHoTtQaRbBC-CH3gRDyIWRAUR9Z_J1q3_hW8-thuLgpVewuPlvZn38iYzv5lk3njeNSIpgBCpfFmGzA9VwX3OZAHvFRGiZEUzyvVEcekmXbwV3lgmy3PHerW_ltYGspFv_HFfyf9EFXgQV71L9hCR3S8UGEBDfOEKEYbrP8UYpQzFBPFUEwlBUdtwOihKNMEpSuAWRVGAYoxSDLARxXArREkbJaHjRNQIc5TEKI1QDEQLpRzxGHEokKA4RUld3WrFjuAtQwSm0ghFkTHDCqc1e4hW4bZ24KSGAOGkjo-1tdrspiZAjHeNIlibOCOhIl0mONV17kfcGNnRTOsat47EoDhtUEY7dAXzjrYaGpeR7xpfqNay57pMV0GC2frnUdlVGwNwSGGQsIcHNZThBYAqoRG7E2fcwGE3SrsXBNdGAZtD1OEJmwv54EiFdeZDnfr2js6kIvqrt9W6WheNADdwNtX_LQ-4a2XZAY0swBnWl5BlUxG9YS_rw6zheMBYS_f1S_fT-hoWrX_L1QiRzRYFoINnJJyBPJgA6FMf93ttmEBg2nS9usY7GMaEVtNux3dPzv4yZ3y8_hcPAfH1Yf4z_XfSwLneKe-km4ctxNaX095cX5zxksnrl5NP25N3o8mT7z82X1XDt-OvH6vhg8nTL3tv3v989mJ35wMwq-FWNXxcbY72Hm5Xwx2Q3916Pv72aPx5dNbrddNee9F3h4z4fUBtwieYBUQpRQrGC8lEznWGIgJ9mFQsoAKHBcMScF4Z5oH-qK-aVPIoLwMB6LzE57z5ldUVdd5bKFtSFApKkPC08oIJgbksQVZRQZnKL3ix9Ti7axPJZIcP6cUjKOOSd0K_QXYd8bI3P7i3pq4Ash7Iq6ah_AKf4bPN |
linkProvider | ISSN International Centre |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E7%A5%9E%E7%B5%8C%E7%AD%8B%E7%96%BE%E6%82%A3%E3%81%AB%E4%BC%B4%E3%81%86%E7%99%BA%E8%A9%B1%E9%9A%9C%E5%AE%B3%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E8%88%8C%E3%81%AE%E7%AD%8B%E5%8A%9B%E4%BD%8E%E4%B8%8B&rft.jtitle=%E6%96%B0%E6%BD%9F%E5%8C%BB%E7%99%82%E7%A6%8F%E7%A5%89%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A%E8%AA%8C&rft.au=%E7%94%B0%E6%9D%91%2C+%E4%BF%8A%E6%9A%81&rft.date=2024&rft.pub=%E6%96%B0%E6%BD%9F%E5%8C%BB%E7%99%82%E7%A6%8F%E7%A5%89%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A&rft.issn=1346-8774&rft.eissn=2435-9777&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=47&rft.epage=53&rft_id=info:doi/10.34540%2Fniigatajohewewa.23.3_47&rft.externalDocID=article_niigatajohewewa_23_3_23_47_article_char_ja |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1346-8774&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1346-8774&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1346-8774&client=summon |