Fragmentation and Dynamics of Echo Chambers of Turkish Political Youth Groups on Twitter
Aiming to contribute to the debate whether the Internet and in particular social networks are leading to echo chambers of fragmented groups or to public sphere, this article investigates the dynamics of echo chambers of followers of Turkish political youth groups on Twitter. It focuses on two classe...
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| Published in | Journal of Socio-Informatics Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 17 - 32 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
The Society of Socio-Informatics
2021
一般社団法人 社会情報学会 |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1882-9171 2432-2156 |
| DOI | 10.14836/jsi.14.1_17 |
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| Abstract | Aiming to contribute to the debate whether the Internet and in particular social networks are leading to echo chambers of fragmented groups or to public sphere, this article investigates the dynamics of echo chambers of followers of Turkish political youth groups on Twitter. It focuses on two classes: Official youth organizations of ruling party and main opposition party, and one independent group. Retrieving over 40 million tweets of 30 thousand followers of these groups, 5.5 million interactions between 2016 and 2018 were analyzed. Strong echo chambers are found, and no weakening observed with a small-scale exception through cross-ideology exposure by individuals following two groups. The results are discussed along with the political lines and the independence level of the groups. |
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| AbstractList | Aiming to contribute to the debate whether the Internet and in particular social networks are leading to echo chambers of fragmented groups or to public sphere, this article investigates the dynamics of echo chambers of followers of Turkish political youth groups on Twitter. It focuses on two classes: Official youth organizations of ruling party and main opposition party, and one independent group. Retrieving over 40 million tweets of 30 thousand followers of these groups, 5.5 million interactions between 2016 and 2018 were analyzed. Strong echo chambers are found, and no weakening observed with a small-scale exception through cross-ideology exposure by individuals following two groups. The results are discussed along with the political lines and the independence level of the groups. |
| Author | NISHIDA, Ryosuke OZAYDIN, Seval Yurtcicek |
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| Copyright | 2021 The Society of Socio-Informatics |
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| References | Vosoughi S, Roy D, Aral S (2018) The spread of true and false news online. Science 359(6380): 1146-1151 Haciyakupoglu G, Weiyu Z (2015) Social media and trust during the Gezi protests in Turkey. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 20(4): 450-466 Rauchfleisch A, Metag J (2015) The special case of Switzerland: Swiss politicians on Twitter. New Media & Society 18(10): 2413-2431 Bright J (2018) Explaining the Emergence of Political Fragmentation on Social Media: The Role of Ideology and Extremism. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 23: 17-33 Bakshy E, Messing S, Adamic LA (2015) Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook. Science 348(6239): 1130-1132 Ferrara E, et al. (2016) The rise of social bots. Communications of the ACM 59(7): 96-104 Papacharissi Z (2002) The virtual sphere: The Internet as a public sphere. New Media & Society 4(1): 927 Conover M, Goncalves B, Ratkiewicz J, Flammini A, Menczer F (2011) Predicting the political alignment of Twitter users. In: IEEE Third International Conference on Social Computing (SOCIALCOM) 192-199 Quattrociocchi W, Scala A, Sunstein CR (2016) Echo chambers on Facebook. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2795110 Dahlberg L. (2007). Rethinking the fragmentation of the cyberpublic: From consensus to contestation. New Media & Society 9(5): 827-847 Gentzkow M, Shapiro J (2010) Ideological Segregation Online and Offline. NBER Working Papers. Available at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w15916 Lee JK, Choi J, Kim C, Kim, Y. (2014) Social media, network heterogeneity, and opinion polarization. Journal of Communication, 64(4): 702-722 Varol O et al. (2014) Evolution of online user behavior during a social upheaval. Proceedings of the 2014 ACM conference on Web science. ACM Tweepy Library for Pyhton. Available at: http://www.tweepy.org Shao C et al. (2018) The spread of low-credibility content by social bots. Nature Communications 9.1: 4787 Barbera P (2014) Birds of the same feather tweet together: Bayesian ideal point estimation using Twitter data. Political Analysis 23(1): 76-91 Casteltrione I (2014) Facebook and Political Information in Italy and the UK: An Antidote against Political Fragmentation and Polarisation? Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies 4(1): 27-49 Habermas J (1989[1962]) The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press Boxell L, Gentzkow M, Shapiro, JM (2017) Greater Internet use is not associated with faster growth in political polarization among US demographic groups. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(40): 10612-10617 Garcia D, Abisheva A, Schweighofer S, Serdult U, Schweitzer F (2015) Ideological and temporal components of network polarization in online political participatory media. Policy & Internet 7(1): 46-79 Jacobson S, Myung E, Johnson SL (2015) Open media or echo chamber: The use of links in audience discussions on the Facebook pages of partisan news organizations. Information, Communication & Society 19(7): 875-891 Yardi S, Boyd D (2010) Dynamic Debates: An Analysis of Group Polarization Over Time on Twitter. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 30(5): 316-327 Ogan C, Varol O (2017) What is gained and what is left to be done when content analysis is added to network analysis in the study of a social movement: Twitter use during Gezi Park. Information, Communication & Society 20(8): 1220-1238 Colleoni E, Rozza A, Arvidsson A (2014) Echo Chamber or Public Sphere? Predicting Political Orientation and Measuring Political Homophily in Twitter Using Big Data. Journal of Communication 64(2): 317-332 Gruzd A, Roy J (2014) Investigating political polarization on Twitter: A Canadian perspective. Policy & Internet 6(1): 28-45 Aragon P, Kappler K, Kaltenbrunner A, Laniado D, Volkovich Y (2013) Communication dynamics in twitter during political campaigns: The case of the 2011 Spanish national election. Policy & Internet 5(2): 183-206 Uncu BA (2018) Secmen Kumeleri AK Parti Secmenleri (in Turkish). Konda. Available at: http://konda.com.tr/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/KONDA_SecmenKumeleri_AkParti_Secmenleri_Mayis2018.pdf Sasahara K, Chen W, Peng H, Ciampaglia GL, Flammini A, Menczer F (2019) On the Inevitability of Online Echo Chambers. arXiv preprint arXiv: 1905.03919 Sunstein CR (2001) Republic.com Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press Himelboim I, McCreery S, Smith M (2013) Birds of a feather tweet together: Integrating network and content analyses to examine cross-ideology exposure on Twitter. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 18(2): 40-60 Hahn KS, Ryu S, Park S (2015) Fragmentation in the Twitter following of news outlets: The representation of South Korean users ideological and generational cleavage. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 92(1): 56-76 Boutyline A, Willer R (2017) The social structure of political echo chambers: Variation in ideological homophily in online networks. Political Psychology, 38(3), 551-569 Budak C, Duncan JW (2015) Dissecting the spirit of Gezi: Influence vs. selection in the Occupy Gezi movement. Sociological Science 2: 370-397 Sloan L, Morgan J, Burnap P, Williams M (2015) Who Tweets? Deriving the Demographic Characteristics of Age, Occupation and Social Class from Twitter User Meta-Data. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0115545 Sunstein CR (2002) The law of group polarization. Journal of Political Philosophy 10(2): 175-195 Bond RM, Sweitzer MD (2018) Political Homophily in a Large-Scale Online Communication Network. Communication Research DOI:10.1177/0093650218813655 Sasaki F (2017) Does Internet use provide a deeper sense of political empowerment to the Less Educated? Information, Communication & Society 20(10): 1445-1463 |
| References_xml | – reference: Tweepy Library for Pyhton. Available at: http://www.tweepy.org – reference: Boxell L, Gentzkow M, Shapiro, JM (2017) Greater Internet use is not associated with faster growth in political polarization among US demographic groups. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(40): 10612-10617 – reference: Conover M, Goncalves B, Ratkiewicz J, Flammini A, Menczer F (2011) Predicting the political alignment of Twitter users. In: IEEE Third International Conference on Social Computing (SOCIALCOM) 192-199 – reference: Lee JK, Choi J, Kim C, Kim, Y. (2014) Social media, network heterogeneity, and opinion polarization. Journal of Communication, 64(4): 702-722 – reference: Sasahara K, Chen W, Peng H, Ciampaglia GL, Flammini A, Menczer F (2019) On the Inevitability of Online Echo Chambers. arXiv preprint arXiv: 1905.03919 – reference: Colleoni E, Rozza A, Arvidsson A (2014) Echo Chamber or Public Sphere? Predicting Political Orientation and Measuring Political Homophily in Twitter Using Big Data. Journal of Communication 64(2): 317-332 – reference: Rauchfleisch A, Metag J (2015) The special case of Switzerland: Swiss politicians on Twitter. New Media & Society 18(10): 2413-2431 – reference: Varol O et al. (2014) Evolution of online user behavior during a social upheaval. Proceedings of the 2014 ACM conference on Web science. ACM – reference: Aragon P, Kappler K, Kaltenbrunner A, Laniado D, Volkovich Y (2013) Communication dynamics in twitter during political campaigns: The case of the 2011 Spanish national election. Policy & Internet 5(2): 183-206 – reference: Yardi S, Boyd D (2010) Dynamic Debates: An Analysis of Group Polarization Over Time on Twitter. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 30(5): 316-327 – reference: Bakshy E, Messing S, Adamic LA (2015) Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook. Science 348(6239): 1130-1132 – reference: Himelboim I, McCreery S, Smith M (2013) Birds of a feather tweet together: Integrating network and content analyses to examine cross-ideology exposure on Twitter. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 18(2): 40-60 – reference: Gruzd A, Roy J (2014) Investigating political polarization on Twitter: A Canadian perspective. Policy & Internet 6(1): 28-45 – reference: Sunstein CR (2002) The law of group polarization. Journal of Political Philosophy 10(2): 175-195 – reference: Barbera P (2014) Birds of the same feather tweet together: Bayesian ideal point estimation using Twitter data. Political Analysis 23(1): 76-91 – reference: Uncu BA (2018) Secmen Kumeleri AK Parti Secmenleri (in Turkish). Konda. Available at: http://konda.com.tr/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/KONDA_SecmenKumeleri_AkParti_Secmenleri_Mayis2018.pdf – reference: Habermas J (1989[1962]) The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press – reference: Papacharissi Z (2002) The virtual sphere: The Internet as a public sphere. New Media & Society 4(1): 927 – reference: Sloan L, Morgan J, Burnap P, Williams M (2015) Who Tweets? Deriving the Demographic Characteristics of Age, Occupation and Social Class from Twitter User Meta-Data. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0115545 – reference: Ferrara E, et al. (2016) The rise of social bots. Communications of the ACM 59(7): 96-104 – reference: Budak C, Duncan JW (2015) Dissecting the spirit of Gezi: Influence vs. selection in the Occupy Gezi movement. Sociological Science 2: 370-397 – reference: Ogan C, Varol O (2017) What is gained and what is left to be done when content analysis is added to network analysis in the study of a social movement: Twitter use during Gezi Park. Information, Communication & Society 20(8): 1220-1238 – reference: Sunstein CR (2001) Republic.com Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press – reference: Hahn KS, Ryu S, Park S (2015) Fragmentation in the Twitter following of news outlets: The representation of South Korean users ideological and generational cleavage. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 92(1): 56-76 – reference: Garcia D, Abisheva A, Schweighofer S, Serdult U, Schweitzer F (2015) Ideological and temporal components of network polarization in online political participatory media. Policy & Internet 7(1): 46-79 – reference: Bright J (2018) Explaining the Emergence of Political Fragmentation on Social Media: The Role of Ideology and Extremism. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 23: 17-33 – reference: Quattrociocchi W, Scala A, Sunstein CR (2016) Echo chambers on Facebook. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2795110 – reference: Jacobson S, Myung E, Johnson SL (2015) Open media or echo chamber: The use of links in audience discussions on the Facebook pages of partisan news organizations. Information, Communication & Society 19(7): 875-891 – reference: Casteltrione I (2014) Facebook and Political Information in Italy and the UK: An Antidote against Political Fragmentation and Polarisation? Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies 4(1): 27-49 – reference: Vosoughi S, Roy D, Aral S (2018) The spread of true and false news online. Science 359(6380): 1146-1151 – reference: Sasaki F (2017) Does Internet use provide a deeper sense of political empowerment to the Less Educated? Information, Communication & Society 20(10): 1445-1463 – reference: Shao C et al. (2018) The spread of low-credibility content by social bots. Nature Communications 9.1: 4787 – reference: Gentzkow M, Shapiro J (2010) Ideological Segregation Online and Offline. NBER Working Papers. Available at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w15916 – reference: Dahlberg L. (2007). Rethinking the fragmentation of the cyberpublic: From consensus to contestation. New Media & Society 9(5): 827-847 – reference: Haciyakupoglu G, Weiyu Z (2015) Social media and trust during the Gezi protests in Turkey. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 20(4): 450-466 – reference: Bond RM, Sweitzer MD (2018) Political Homophily in a Large-Scale Online Communication Network. Communication Research DOI:10.1177/0093650218813655 – reference: Boutyline A, Willer R (2017) The social structure of political echo chambers: Variation in ideological homophily in online networks. Political Psychology, 38(3), 551-569 |
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| Title | Fragmentation and Dynamics of Echo Chambers of Turkish Political Youth Groups on Twitter |
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