JAK阻害薬について

関節リウマチ(RA)の病態の中心となっているのがサイトカインである.既存の抗リウマチ薬に加えて,サイトカインなどを標的とした生物学的製剤を用いることで,RAは寛解が達成できる疾患となってきた.さらに,ヤヌスキナーゼ(JAK)阻害薬がRAの治療の選択肢となり,既存治療に抵抗性のRAに対しても効果が期待できるようになった.加えて,炎症性腸疾患やコロナウイルス感染症2019(COVID-19)による肺炎など,RA以外の疾患・病態への適応拡大が進んでおり,全身性エリテマトーデスや乾癬性関節炎,強直性脊椎炎などを対象とした臨床試験も進行中である.適応拡大に伴って,その有効性・安全性について,特にCOVI...

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Published in臨床リウマチ Vol. 33; no. 3; pp. 181 - 188
Main Authors 山岡, 邦宏, 村松, 匠
Format Journal Article
LanguageJapanese
Published 一般社団法人 日本臨床リウマチ学会 2021
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ISSN0914-8760
2189-0595
DOI10.14961/cra.33.181

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Abstract 関節リウマチ(RA)の病態の中心となっているのがサイトカインである.既存の抗リウマチ薬に加えて,サイトカインなどを標的とした生物学的製剤を用いることで,RAは寛解が達成できる疾患となってきた.さらに,ヤヌスキナーゼ(JAK)阻害薬がRAの治療の選択肢となり,既存治療に抵抗性のRAに対しても効果が期待できるようになった.加えて,炎症性腸疾患やコロナウイルス感染症2019(COVID-19)による肺炎など,RA以外の疾患・病態への適応拡大が進んでおり,全身性エリテマトーデスや乾癬性関節炎,強直性脊椎炎などを対象とした臨床試験も進行中である.適応拡大に伴って,その有効性・安全性について,特にCOVID-19 pandemic下での使用について最新の情報に注意を払いつつ見直す必要がある.JAK阻害薬投与中における帯状疱疹(HZ)の発症率は高く,特に日本人で顕著であるため,今後の実臨床データの蓄積が重要である.これに対して遺伝子組み換え帯状疱疹ワクチンによりHZ発症リスクが低減できる可能性があるが,適切な使用方法については疑問点が多い.また,最近行われた試験では悪性腫瘍や主要心血管イベント,静脈血栓塞栓症のリスクが高まる可能性が指摘されている.直近の最大の課題は,JAK阻害薬使用者におけるCOVID-19ワクチン接種と思われ,提言等が行われているが未だ確立した方針はない.本稿ではこれらの課題について最新情報を紹介し,解決に向けた対策について議論する.
AbstractList 関節リウマチ(RA)の病態の中心となっているのがサイトカインである.既存の抗リウマチ薬に加えて,サイトカインなどを標的とした生物学的製剤を用いることで,RAは寛解が達成できる疾患となってきた.さらに,ヤヌスキナーゼ(JAK)阻害薬がRAの治療の選択肢となり,既存治療に抵抗性のRAに対しても効果が期待できるようになった.加えて,炎症性腸疾患やコロナウイルス感染症2019(COVID-19)による肺炎など,RA以外の疾患・病態への適応拡大が進んでおり,全身性エリテマトーデスや乾癬性関節炎,強直性脊椎炎などを対象とした臨床試験も進行中である.適応拡大に伴って,その有効性・安全性について,特にCOVID-19 pandemic下での使用について最新の情報に注意を払いつつ見直す必要がある.JAK阻害薬投与中における帯状疱疹(HZ)の発症率は高く,特に日本人で顕著であるため,今後の実臨床データの蓄積が重要である.これに対して遺伝子組み換え帯状疱疹ワクチンによりHZ発症リスクが低減できる可能性があるが,適切な使用方法については疑問点が多い.また,最近行われた試験では悪性腫瘍や主要心血管イベント,静脈血栓塞栓症のリスクが高まる可能性が指摘されている.直近の最大の課題は,JAK阻害薬使用者におけるCOVID-19ワクチン接種と思われ,提言等が行われているが未だ確立した方針はない.本稿ではこれらの課題について最新情報を紹介し,解決に向けた対策について議論する.
Author 村松, 匠
山岡, 邦宏
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References 12) van der Heijde D, Song I-H, Pangan AL, et al: Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis(SELECT-AXIS 1): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2/3 trial. The Lancet, 394: 2108-2117, 2019.
23) 外山 望,白木 公,宮崎県皮膚科医会:帯状疱疹大規模疫学調査「宮崎スタディ(1997-2018)」アップデート─水痘ワクチン定期接種化の影響について.臨床皮膚科,73: 186-189, 2019.
21) Lenfant T, Jin Y, Kirchner E, et al: Safety of Recombinant Zoster Vaccine: a Retrospective Study of 622 Rheumatology Patients. Rheumatology(Oxford), 2021.
7) Mease P, Hall S, FitzGerald O, et al: Tofacitinib or Adalimumab versus Placebo for Psoriatic Arthritis. N Engl J Med, 377: 1537-1550, 2017.
25) Shiraki K, Toyama N, Daikoku T, et al: Herpes Zoster and Recurrent Herpes Zoster. Open Forum Infect Dis, 4: ofx007, 2017.
26) Pfizer Inc.: Pfizer Shares Co-Primary Endpoint Results from Post-Marketing Required Safety Study of XELJANZ®(tofacitinib)in Subjects with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-shares-co-primary-endpoint-results-post-marketing.
20) Stevens E, Weinblatt ME, Massarotti E, et al: Safety of the Zoster Vaccine Recombinant Adjuvanted in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Systemic Rheumatic Disease Patients: A Single Centerʼs Experience With 400 Patients. ACR Open Rheumatol, 2: 357-361, 2020.
17) Takeuchi T, Tanaka Y, Tanaka S, et al: Safety and Effectiveness of Peficitinib (ASP015K) in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Final Results (32 Months of Mean Peficitinib Treatment) From a Long-Term, Open-Label Extension Study in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. Rheumatol Ther, 8: 425-442, 2021.
4) Fleischmann RM, Genovese MC, Enejosa JV, et al: Safety and effectiveness of upadacitinib or adalimumab plus methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis over 48 weeks with switch to alternate therapy in patients with insufficient response. Ann Rheum Dis, 78: 1454-1462, 2019.
14) Baker M, Chaichian Y, Genovese M, et al: Phase II, randomised, double-blind, multicentre study evaluating the safety and efficacy of filgotinib and lanraplenib in patients with lupus membranous nephropathy. RMD Open, 6, 2020.
8) Deodhar A, Sliwinska-Stanczyk P, Xu H, et al: Tofacitinib for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis: a phase III, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Ann Rheum Dis, 2021.
19) Genovese MC, Winthrop K, Tanaka Y, et al: Thu0202 Integrated Safety Analysis of Filgotinib Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis from 7 Clinical Trials. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 79: 324-325, 2020.
18) Cohen SB, van Vollenhoven RF, Winthrop KL, et al: Safety profile of upadacitinib in rheumatoid arthritis: integrated analysis from the SELECT phase III clinical programme. Ann Rheum Dis, 2020
13) van der Heijde D, Baraliakos X, Gensler LS, et al: Efficacy and safety of filgotinib, a selective Janus kinase 1 inhibitor, in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis(TORTUGA): results from a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. The Lancet, 392: 2378-2387, 2018.
11) Mease PJ, Lertratanakul A, Anderson JK, et al: Upadacitinib for psoriatic arthritis refractory to biologics: SELECT-PsA 2. Ann Rheum Dis, 2020
22) Dagnew AF, Rausch D, Herve C, et al: Efficacy and serious adverse events profile of the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine in adults with pre-existing potential immune-mediated diseases: a pooled post hoc analysis on two parallel randomized trials. Rheumatology(Oxford), 60: 1226-1233, 2021.
24) Harigai M: Growing evidence of the safety of JAK inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology(Oxford), 58: i34-i42, 2019.
9) Kalil AC, Patterson TF, Mehta AK, et al: Baricitinib plus Remdesivir for Hospitalized Adults with Covid-19. N Engl J Med, 384: 795-807, 2021.
5) Fleischmann RM, Blanco R, Hall S, et al: Switching between Janus kinase inhibitor upadacitinib and adalimumab following insufficient response: efficacy and safety in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis, 2020.
15) Winthrop KL, Yamanaka H, Valdez H, et al: Herpes zoster and tofacitinib therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol, 66: 2675-2684, 2014.
27) Curtis JR, Johnson SR, Anthony DD, et al: American College of Rheumatology Guidance for COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases - Version 1. Arthritis Rheumatol, 2021.
16) Genovese MC, Smolen JS, Takeuchi T, et al: Safety profile of baricitinib for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis over a median of 3 years of treatment: an updated integrated safety analysis. The Lancet Rheumatology, 2: e347-e357, 2020.
2) Fleischmann R, Mysler E, Hall S, et al: Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib monotherapy, tofacitinib with methotrexate, and adalimumab with methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ORAL Strategy): a phase 3b/4, double-blind, head-to-head, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 390: 457-468, 2017.
3) Taylor PC, Keystone EC, van der Heijde D, et al: Baricitinib versus Placebo or Adalimumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis. N Engl J Med, 376: 652-662, 2017.
1) Yamaoka K, Saharinen P, Pesu M, et al: The Janus kinases(Jaks). Genome Biol, 5: 253, 2004.
6) Sandborn WJ, Su C, Sands BE, et al: Tofacitinib as Induction and Maintenance Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis. N Engl J Med, 376: 1723-1736, 2017.
10) Wallace DJ, Furie RA, Tanaka Y, et al: Baricitinib for systemic lupus erythematosus: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. The Lancet, 392: 222-231, 2018.
References_xml – reference: 19) Genovese MC, Winthrop K, Tanaka Y, et al: Thu0202 Integrated Safety Analysis of Filgotinib Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis from 7 Clinical Trials. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 79: 324-325, 2020.
– reference: 16) Genovese MC, Smolen JS, Takeuchi T, et al: Safety profile of baricitinib for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis over a median of 3 years of treatment: an updated integrated safety analysis. The Lancet Rheumatology, 2: e347-e357, 2020.
– reference: 4) Fleischmann RM, Genovese MC, Enejosa JV, et al: Safety and effectiveness of upadacitinib or adalimumab plus methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis over 48 weeks with switch to alternate therapy in patients with insufficient response. Ann Rheum Dis, 78: 1454-1462, 2019.
– reference: 24) Harigai M: Growing evidence of the safety of JAK inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology(Oxford), 58: i34-i42, 2019.
– reference: 6) Sandborn WJ, Su C, Sands BE, et al: Tofacitinib as Induction and Maintenance Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis. N Engl J Med, 376: 1723-1736, 2017.
– reference: 10) Wallace DJ, Furie RA, Tanaka Y, et al: Baricitinib for systemic lupus erythematosus: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. The Lancet, 392: 222-231, 2018.
– reference: 8) Deodhar A, Sliwinska-Stanczyk P, Xu H, et al: Tofacitinib for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis: a phase III, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Ann Rheum Dis, 2021.
– reference: 20) Stevens E, Weinblatt ME, Massarotti E, et al: Safety of the Zoster Vaccine Recombinant Adjuvanted in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Systemic Rheumatic Disease Patients: A Single Centerʼs Experience With 400 Patients. ACR Open Rheumatol, 2: 357-361, 2020.
– reference: 2) Fleischmann R, Mysler E, Hall S, et al: Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib monotherapy, tofacitinib with methotrexate, and adalimumab with methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ORAL Strategy): a phase 3b/4, double-blind, head-to-head, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 390: 457-468, 2017.
– reference: 25) Shiraki K, Toyama N, Daikoku T, et al: Herpes Zoster and Recurrent Herpes Zoster. Open Forum Infect Dis, 4: ofx007, 2017.
– reference: 13) van der Heijde D, Baraliakos X, Gensler LS, et al: Efficacy and safety of filgotinib, a selective Janus kinase 1 inhibitor, in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis(TORTUGA): results from a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. The Lancet, 392: 2378-2387, 2018.
– reference: 15) Winthrop KL, Yamanaka H, Valdez H, et al: Herpes zoster and tofacitinib therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol, 66: 2675-2684, 2014.
– reference: 26) Pfizer Inc.: Pfizer Shares Co-Primary Endpoint Results from Post-Marketing Required Safety Study of XELJANZ®(tofacitinib)in Subjects with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-shares-co-primary-endpoint-results-post-marketing.
– reference: 12) van der Heijde D, Song I-H, Pangan AL, et al: Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis(SELECT-AXIS 1): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2/3 trial. The Lancet, 394: 2108-2117, 2019.
– reference: 7) Mease P, Hall S, FitzGerald O, et al: Tofacitinib or Adalimumab versus Placebo for Psoriatic Arthritis. N Engl J Med, 377: 1537-1550, 2017.
– reference: 22) Dagnew AF, Rausch D, Herve C, et al: Efficacy and serious adverse events profile of the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine in adults with pre-existing potential immune-mediated diseases: a pooled post hoc analysis on two parallel randomized trials. Rheumatology(Oxford), 60: 1226-1233, 2021.
– reference: 23) 外山 望,白木 公,宮崎県皮膚科医会:帯状疱疹大規模疫学調査「宮崎スタディ(1997-2018)」アップデート─水痘ワクチン定期接種化の影響について.臨床皮膚科,73: 186-189, 2019.
– reference: 9) Kalil AC, Patterson TF, Mehta AK, et al: Baricitinib plus Remdesivir for Hospitalized Adults with Covid-19. N Engl J Med, 384: 795-807, 2021.
– reference: 14) Baker M, Chaichian Y, Genovese M, et al: Phase II, randomised, double-blind, multicentre study evaluating the safety and efficacy of filgotinib and lanraplenib in patients with lupus membranous nephropathy. RMD Open, 6, 2020.
– reference: 11) Mease PJ, Lertratanakul A, Anderson JK, et al: Upadacitinib for psoriatic arthritis refractory to biologics: SELECT-PsA 2. Ann Rheum Dis, 2020
– reference: 1) Yamaoka K, Saharinen P, Pesu M, et al: The Janus kinases(Jaks). Genome Biol, 5: 253, 2004.
– reference: 3) Taylor PC, Keystone EC, van der Heijde D, et al: Baricitinib versus Placebo or Adalimumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis. N Engl J Med, 376: 652-662, 2017.
– reference: 27) Curtis JR, Johnson SR, Anthony DD, et al: American College of Rheumatology Guidance for COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases - Version 1. Arthritis Rheumatol, 2021.
– reference: 18) Cohen SB, van Vollenhoven RF, Winthrop KL, et al: Safety profile of upadacitinib in rheumatoid arthritis: integrated analysis from the SELECT phase III clinical programme. Ann Rheum Dis, 2020
– reference: 21) Lenfant T, Jin Y, Kirchner E, et al: Safety of Recombinant Zoster Vaccine: a Retrospective Study of 622 Rheumatology Patients. Rheumatology(Oxford), 2021.
– reference: 17) Takeuchi T, Tanaka Y, Tanaka S, et al: Safety and Effectiveness of Peficitinib (ASP015K) in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Final Results (32 Months of Mean Peficitinib Treatment) From a Long-Term, Open-Label Extension Study in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. Rheumatol Ther, 8: 425-442, 2021.
– reference: 5) Fleischmann RM, Blanco R, Hall S, et al: Switching between Janus kinase inhibitor upadacitinib and adalimumab following insufficient response: efficacy and safety in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis, 2020.
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SubjectTerms clinical trial
herpes zoster
Janus kinase inhibitor
rheumatoid arthritis
safety
Title JAK阻害薬について
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