Bud-bank and tiller dynamics of co-occurring C₃ caespitose grasses in mixed-grass prairie

• Published in: American journal of botany Vol. 102; no. 9; pp. 1462 - 1471
• Main Authors: Ott, Jacqueline P., Hartnett, David C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Botanical Society of America, Inc 01.09.2015; Botanical Society of America
• Subjects: bud bank; caespitose; genet longevity; grasses; Grassland; Hesperostipa comata; mixed‐grass prairie; Nassella viridula; Poaceae - growth & development; Poaceae - physiology; polycyclicity; Reproduction; Seasons; South Dakota; tiller dynamics; vegetative reproduction; South Dakota; Nassella viridula; genet longevity; polycyclicity; grasses; caespitose; Hesperostipa comata; bud bank; vegetative reproduction; tiller dynamics; mixed-grass prairie
• DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500039
• ISSN: 0002-9122

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Tiller recruitment from the belowground bud bank of caespitose grasses influences their ability to monopolize local resources and, hence, their genet fitness. Differences in bud production and outgrowth among tiller types within a genet and among species may explain co-occurrence of caespitose grasses. This study aimed to characterize genet bud-bank and tiller production and dynamics in two co-occurring species and compare their vegetative reproductive strategies. METHODS: Bud-bank and tiller dynamics of Hesperostipa cornata and Nassella viridula, dominant C₃ caespitose grasses in the northern mixed-grass prairie of North America, were assessed throughout an annual cycle. KEY RESULTS: The two species showed similar strategies, maintaining polycyclic tillers and thus creating mixed-age genet bud banks comprising multiple bud cohorts produced in different years. Vegetative tillers produced the majority of buds, whereas flowering tillers contributed little to the bud bank. Buds lived for at least 2 yr and were maintained in multiple developmental stages throughout the year. Because bud longevity rarely exceeded tiller longevity, tiller longevity drove turnover within the bud bank. Tiller population dynamics, more than bud production per tiller, determined the differential contribution of tiller types to the bud bank. Nassella viridula had higher bud production per tiller, a consistent annual tiller recruitment density, and greater longevity of buds on senesced and flowering tillers than H. comata. CONCLUSIONS: Co-occurring C₃ caespitose grasses had similar bud-bank and tiller dynamics contributing to genet persistence but differed in bud characteristics that could affect genet longevity and species coexistence.